Core State Preconception Health Indicators — Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2009
Cheryl L. Robbins, PhD
Lauren B. Zapata, PhD
Sherry L. Farr, PhD
Charlan D. Kroelinger, PhD
Brian Morrow, MA
Indu Ahluwalia, PhD
Denise V. D'Angelo, MPH
Danielle Barradas, PhD
Shanna Cox, MSPH
David Goodman, PhD
Letitia Williams, MPH
Violanda Grigorescu, MD
Wanda D. Barfield, MD
Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC
Corresponding author: Cheryl L. Robbins, PhD, Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC. Telephone: 404-718-6115; E-mail: ggf9@cdc.gov.
Abstract
Problem/Condition: Promoting preconception health can potentially improve women's health and pregnancy outcomes. Evidence-based interventions exist to reduce many maternal behaviors and chronic conditions that are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as tobacco use, alcohol use, inadequate folic acid intake, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. The 2006 national recommendations to improve preconception health included monitoring improvements in preconception health by maximizing public health surveillance (CDC. Recommendations to improve preconception health and health care—United States: a report of the CDC/ATSDR Preconception Care Work Group and the Select Panel on Preconception Care. MMWR 2006;55[No. RR-6]).
Reporting Period Covered: 2009 for 38 indicators; 2008 for one indicator.
Description of Surveillance Systems: The Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) is an ongoing state- and population-based surveillance system designed to monitor selected self-reported maternal behaviors, conditions, and experiences that occur shortly before, during, and after pregnancy among women who deliver live-born infants. The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is an ongoing state-based telephone survey of noninstitutionalized adults aged =18 years in the United States that collects state-level data on health-related risk behaviors, chronic conditions, and preventive health services. This surveillance summary includes PRAMS data from 29 reporting areas (n = 40,388 respondents) and BRFSS data from 51 reporting areas (n = 62,875 respondents) for nonpregnant women of reproductive age (aged 18–44 years).
To establish a comprehensive, nationally recognized set of indicators to be used for monitoring, evaluation, and response, a volunteer group of policy and program leaders and epidemiologists identified 45 core state preconception health indicators, of which 41 rely on PRAMS or BRFSS as data sources. This report includes 39 of the 41 core state preconception health indicators for which data are available through PRAMS or BRFSS. The two indicators from these data sources that are not described in this report are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing within a year before the most recent pregnancy and heavy drinking on at least one occasion during the preceding month.
Ten preconception health domains are examined: general health status and life satisfaction, social determinants of health, health care, reproductive health and family planning, tobacco and alcohol use, nutrition and physical activity, mental health, emotional and social support, chronic conditions, and infections. Weighted prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs)for 39 indicators are presented overall and for each reporting area and stratified by age group (18–24, 25–34, and 35–44 years) and women's race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic other, and Hispanic).
Results: This surveillance summary includes data for 39 of 41 indicators: 2009 data for 23 preconception health indicators that were monitored by PRAMS and 16 preconception health indicators that were monitored by BRFSS (one BRFSS indicator uses 2008 data). For two of the indicators that are included in this report (prepregnancy overweight or obesity and current overweight or obesity), separate measures of overweight and obesity were reported.
All preconception health indicators varied by reporting area, and most indicators varied significantly by age group and race/ethnicity. Overall, 88.9% of women of reproductive age reported good, very good, or excellent general health status and life satisfaction (BRFSS). A high school/general equivalency diploma or higher education (social determinants of health domain) was reported by 94.7% of non-Hispanic white, 92.9% of non-Hispanic other, 91.1% of non-Hispanic black, and 70.9% of Hispanic women (BRFSS). Overall, health-care insurance coverage during the month before the most recent pregnancy (health-care domain) was 74.9% (PRAMS). A routine checkup during the preceding year was reported by 79.0% of non-Hispanic black, 65.1% of non-Hispanic white, 64.3% of other, and 63.0% of Hispanic women (BRFSS). Among women with a recent live birth (2–9 months since date of delivery), selected PRAMS results for the reproductive health and family planning, tobacco and alcohol use, and nutrition domains included several factors. Although 43% of women reported that their most recent pregnancy was unintended (unwanted or wanted to be pregnant later), approximately half (53%) of those who were not trying to get pregnant reported not using contraception at the time of conception. Smoking during the 3 months before pregnancy was reported by 25.1% of women, and drinking alcohol 3 months before pregnancy was reported by 54.2% of women. Daily use of a multivitamin, prenatal vitamin, or a folic acid supplement during the month before pregnancy was reported by 29.7% of women.
Selected BRFSS results included indicators pertaining to the nutrition and physical activity, emotional and social support, and chronic conditions domains among women of reproductive age. Approximately one fourth (24.7%) of women were identified as being obese according to body mass index (BMI) on the basis of self-reported height and weight. Overall, 51.6% of women reported participation in recommended levels of physical activity per U.S. Department of Health and Human Services physical activity guidelines. Non-Hispanic whites reported the highest prevalence (85.0%) of having adequate emotional and social support, followed by other races/ethnicities (74.9%), Hispanics (70.5%), and non-Hispanic blacks (69.7%). Approximately 3.0% of persons reported ever being diagnosed with diabetes, and 10.2% of women reported ever being diagnosed with hypertension.
Interpretation: The findings in this report underscore opportunities for improving the preconception health of U.S. women. Preconception health and women's health can be improved by reducing unintended pregnancies, reducing risky behaviors (e.g., smoking and drinking) among women of reproductive age, and ensuring that chronic conditions are under control. Evidence-based interventions and clinical practice guidelines exist to address these risks and to improve pregnancy outcomes and women's health in general. The results also highlight the need to increase access to health care for all nonpregnant women of reproductive age and the need to encourage the use of essential preventive services for women, including preconception health services. In addition, system changes in community settings can alleviate health problems resulting from inadequate social and emotional support and environments that foster unhealthy lifestyles. Policy changes can promote health equity by encouraging environments that promote healthier options in nutrition and physical activity. Finally, variation in the preconception health status of women by age and race/ethnicity underscores the need for implementing and scaling up proven strategies to reduce persistent health disparities among those at highest risk. Ongoing surveillance and research in preconception health are needed to monitor the influence of improved health-care access and coverage on women's prepregnancy and interpregnancy health status, pregnancy and infant outcomes, and health disparities.
Public Health Action: Public health decision makers, program planners, researchers, and other key stakeholders can use the state-level PRAMS and BRFSS preconception health indicators to benchmark and monitor preconception health among women of reproductive age. These data also can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of preconception health state and national programs and to assess the need for new programs, program enhancements, and policies.
Background
Promoting preconception health is an important Healthy People 2020 strategy for preventing adverse pregnancy outcomes and improving women's health overall (1). Establishing healthy behaviors and improving women's health before conception is essential especially because approximately half (49%) of all pregnancies in the United States are unintended (2). Unintended pregnancy rates vary by age and race/ethnicity, with younger and minority women having the highest unintended pregnancy rates (2). Persistent age and racial/ethnic disparities also have been documented for certain reproductive outcomes (e.g., preterm birth, fetal growth restriction, and infant death) (3–7) and for maternal risk factors (e.g., tobacco use, alcohol use, failure to consume adequate folic acid, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes) (8–13). These maternal risk factors are associated with preterm birth, spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, fetal death, sudden infant death syndrome, and having infants with low birthweight, fetal growth restricttion, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, and neural tube defects and other birth defects (14–24). Evidence-based interventions targeting these risk factors can improve health outcomes in women and infants (17,18,25–34).
In 2006, the CDC/ATSDR Preconception Care Work Group and a select panel of experts published a strategic plan focused on improving the health and well-being of women and men of reproductive age (35). The plan included four goals, 10 recommendations, and 40 action steps and served as a call to action for improving the status of preconception health and preconception care in the United States. Those recommendations laid the foundation for the development of the National Initiative on Preconception Health and Health Care, which convened workgroups and developed strategies for promoting preconception health and preconception care (36). The term preconception health generally refers to the health of women of reproductive age before or between pregnancies. The term preconception care has been defined as a set of interventions that endeavor to identify and modify biomedical, behavioral, and social risks to a woman's health or pregnancy outcome through prevention and management (35,37). One of the 10 recommendations in the national strategic plan included monitoring improvements in preconception health and health care by maximizing existing public health surveillance systems.
This report is the first descriptive, state-level summary of core state preconception health indicators available in 2009 PRAMS and BRFSS data and provides prevalence estimates overall, stratified by age group and race/ethnicity. The report was developed in response to the CDC/ATSDR Preconception Care Work Group's recommendation to monitor improvements in preconception health by maximizing public health surveillance.
Introduction
Before release of the CDC/ATSDR Preconception Care Work Group's recommendations, few states or other entities monitored changes in preconception health over time because of a lack of uniform indicators for assessing preconception health and preconception care. To establish a comprehensive, nationally recognized set of indicators to be used for monitoring, evaluation, and response, a volunteer group of policy and program leaders and epidemiologists in seven states (California, Delaware, Florida, Michigan, North Carolina, Texas, and Utah) identified 45 core state preconception health indicators (multiple measures exist for some indicators). The list of indicators and the selection process have been described elsewhere (38). Of the 45 indicators, 41 used PRAMS (n = 24) or BRFSS (n = 17) as data sources; four rely on other data sources (which are not described in this report). The work group categorized the indicators into 10 domains. Health care is one of the domains and it includes several indicators of preconception care. Hereafter, the term preconception health encompasses both preconception health and preconception care.
Although numerous publications have reported national prevalence estimates of some of the preconception health indicators for women of reproductive age using BRFSS or National Health Interview Survey data (9,12,39–41), only one surveillance summary has been published on preconception health that uses population-based data and reports estimates by state (8). That summary preceded the development of the 45 core state preconception health indicators and summarized prevalence estimates for 10 of the core state indicators that were available from 2004 PRAMS data and that were defined the same in 2009 (i.e., prepregnancy drinking, nonuse of contraception prepregnancy, current contraceptive use, diabetes, physical abuse, types of social support, receipt of a postpartum checkup, hypertension, previous preterm birth, and prepregnancy smoking); those data serve as a baseline for monitoring changes over time for the 26 reporting areas included in the previous summary (8,38). Because it samples women of reproductive age with recent live births, PRAMS is an ideal data source for examining preconception and interconception health characteristics. Several states have used PRAMS data since publication of the previous summary to examine the status of preconception health in their own state and monitor changes (42–44).
This report includes 39 of the 41 core state preconception health indicators for which data are available through PRAMS or BRFSS. The state-level findings for 39 preconception indicators described in this report can be used by public health decision makers, program planners, researchers, and other key stakeholders to benchmark and monitor preconception health among women of reproductive age. These data also can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of preconception health state and national programs, and to assess the need for new programs, program enhancements, and policies.
Methods
To describe the status of preconception health by state, CDC estimated the baseline prevalence of 38 preconception indicators from PRAMS and BRFSS using 2009 data and one indicator using 2008 data. These indicators can be monitored at the state level for ongoing surveillance of the status of preconception health among women of reproductive age.
PRAMS Description and Data Collection
PRAMS is an ongoing U.S. state- and population-based surveillance system that was established in 1987 as part of an Infant Health Initiative when congressional funding was provided to CDC to establish state-based programs. PRAMS was designed to monitor selected self-reported maternal behaviors, conditions, and experiences that occur shortly before, during, and after pregnancy among women who deliver live-born infants in participating U.S. states and New York City (hereafter referred to as reporting areas). PRAMS is administered by CDC in collaboration with state health departments.
Details on the PRAMS methods have been described previously (45) and are available on the PRAMS website (http://www.cdc.gov/PRAMS). All PRAMS reporting areas use a standardized data collection method developed by CDC. PRAMS reporting areas select a monthly stratified sample of 100–300 new mothers from recent birth certificates, and annual sample sizes range from 1,162 to 3,008 per reporting area. PRAMS uses mixed-mode data collection in which up to three self-administered questionnaires are mailed and up to 15 telephone calls are made to followup with nonresponders during the first 9 months of the postpartum period. The first questionnaire usually is mailed 2–3 months after the delivery of a live-born infant to allow for collection of information about postpartum maternal and infant experiences. Survey data are linked to selected birth certificate data and weighted for sample design, nonresponse, and noncoverage. The PRAMS questionnaire consists of two parts (core and standard/optional questions) and is revised periodically to reflect changing priorities and emerging issues. All reporting areas ask the core questions, and the standard questions are chosen by each state from a pretested list developed by CDC or states.
PRAMS data are from 29 reporting areas representing approximately 55% of 4 million live births in the United States during 2009. All participating PRAMS reporting areas that had achieved an overall weighted response rate of =65% were included. The response rate is calculated as the number of responding mothers divided by the number of mothers sampled. Because comparable years for PRAMS and BRFSS data were used in this surveillance summary and because the maximum number of preconception health variables available through BRFSS occurs in odd years, this surveillance summary relies on 2009 data, which is the most current odd year in which data from both sources were available.
BRFSS Description and Data Collection
BRFSS is an ongoing state-based telephone survey of noninstitutionalized adults in the United States aged =18 years that has been conducted since 1984 by state and territorial health departments with assistance from CDC. BRFSS is the largest continuously conducted telephone survey in the world, with approximately 400,000 adult interviews completed each year. BRFSS is the main source of data for states on health risk behaviors, chronic health conditions, and preventive health services primarily related to chronic disease and injury in the United States.
Details on BRFSS methods have been described previously (46,47) and are available on the BRFSS website (http://www.cdc.gov/brfss). BRFSS uses a multistage sampling design created on the basis of random-digit–dialing methods to select a representative sample in each state and territory. Trained interviewers administer the BRFSS questionnaire using a computer-assisted telephone interviewing system. Data are collected monthly by each state and territory and then submitted to CDC for processing. The BRFSS questionnaire consists of three parts: the core component (which includes the fixed core, rotating core, and emerging core), optional modules, and state-added questions. Although all BRFSS reporting areas ask the same core questions, optional module and state-added questions are included at the discretion of the state or territory to address their specific health-care concerns.
Since 2007, BRFSS has been conducted in all 50 states, the District of Columbia (DC), the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. This report includes data on nonpregnant women aged 18–44 years from 51 reporting areas including the 50 U.S. states and DC. The 2009 BRFSS cooperation rate (i.e., the proportion of all respondents interviewed of all eligible units in which a respondent was selected and actually contacted) ranged from 55.0% in California to 88.0% in Kentucky (2009 median: 75.0%), and the 2009 BRFSS response rate (percentage eligible for whom an interview was completed) ranged from 37.9% in Oregon to 66.9% in Nebraska (median: 52.5%) according to the guidelines of the Council of American Survey and Research Organizations. Although newer BRFSS data exist, for consistency with the most current PRAMS data, this report includes 2009 BRFSS data for all variables, with one exception: data for 2008 were used for the variable on whether women had received a Papnicolaou (Pap) test within the previous 3 years because this variable is included every other year and was not included in 2009. The 2008 median BRFSS cooperation and response rates were similar (75.0% and 53.3%, respectively).
Indicators
This report includes data on 39 of the 41 core state preconception health indicators for which data are available through PRAMS or BRFSS (38). The two exceptions are the indicators HIV testing within a year before the most recent pregnancy and heavy drinking on at least one occasion during the preceding month. PRAMS is not structured to produce valid estimates of HIV testing within a year before the most recent pregnancy because of a skip pattern that prompts the query only for women who were not tested during pregnancy. Data were included on three of the four alcohol consumption indicators.
All 16 indicators monitored by BRFSS are reported for 51 reporting areas, and 16 indicators monitored by PRAMS are reported for all 29 PRAMS reporting areas (Table 1). The remaining seven indicators that are monitored by PRAMS were reported for selected reporting areas that opted to add the question to their core surveys. In this report, separate prevalence estimates for current overweight and current obesity are reported rather than a combined estimate of overweight or obesity (BRFSS); likewise, separate estimates for prepregnancy overweight and obesity (PRAMS) were reported.
Data Analysis
All indicators were estimated among women of reproductive age (18–44 years). For each reporting area, weighted prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of indicators are presented overall and stratified by age group (18–24, 25–34, and 35–44 years) and race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic other, and Hispanic). The overall median, minimum, and maximum values also are presented. Among the total sample, chi-square tests were conducted to assess differences in indicators by age group and race/ethnicity. Differences were considered statistically significant when the p-value was <0.05. Because of the quantity of comparisons, tests of statistical significance were not conducted by reporting area. In accordance with the reporting policy of the specific surveillance system, when the denominator was <30 for PRAMS or <50 for BRFSS, prevalence estimates were not reported. In addition, prevalence estimates made on the basis of 30–59 respondents (PRAMS) or 50–59 respondents (BRFSS) are reported and footnoted, and all missing observations (<10%) are excluded. All analyses were conducted using weighted data and statistical software to account for the complex survey design (48).
Results
Results are presented by preconception health domains (Box) as described by the state work group (38). Data are presented for 39 indicators (Table 1). All indicators used data from either PRAMS (n = 23) or BRFSS (n = 16).
Domain 1: General Health Status and Life Satisfaction
Health Status (BRFSS)
Women considered to have good or better general health were those who reported that their general health at the time of the survey was good, very good, or excellent, versus fair or poor. In 2009, among women aged 18–44 years, the estimated overall prevalence of women who reported good or better general health for the 51 reporting areas was 88.9% (range: 84.5% [West Virginia] to 94.9% [North Dakota]; median: 90.0%;) (Table 2). For all reporting areas combined, the prevalence of this indicator varied significantly by age group and race/ethnicity. Specifically, 90.7% of women aged 18–24 years reported that their general health was good, very good, or excellent, compared with 89.5% of those aged 25–34 years and 87.3% of those aged 35–44 years. In addition, 91.8% of non-Hispanic white women reported good or better general health, compared with 88.9% of women who identified themselves as other race/ethnicity, 85.5% of non-Hispanic black women, and 80.9% of Hispanic women.
Domain 2: Social Determinants of Health
Educational Status (BRFSS)
High school/General Educational Development (GED) or higher education was defined as having completed at least the 12th grade or having received a GED certificate by the time of the survey. In 2009, among women aged 18–44 years, the estimated overall prevalence of women who reported high school/GED or higher education for the 51 reporting areas was 89.7% (range: 79.4% [California] to 97.2% [Vermont]; median: 91.9%) (Table 3). For all reporting areas combined, the prevalence of this indicator varied significantly by age group and race/ethnicity. Specifically, 90.9% of women aged 35–44 years reported high school/GED or higher education, compared with 89.9% of those aged 25–34 years, and 87.2% of those aged 18–24 years. In addition, 94.7% of non-Hispanic white women reported high school/GED or higher education, compared with 92.9% of women who identified themselves as other race/ethnicity, 91.1% of non-Hispanic black women, and 70.9% of Hispanic women.
Domain 3: Health Care
Current Health-Care Coverage (BRFSS)
Current health-care coverage was defined as having some type of health-care coverage at the time of the survey, including health insurance, prepaid plans, or government plans. In 2009, among women aged 18–44 years, the estimated overall prevalence of women who reported current health-care coverage for the 51 reporting areas was 80.1% (range: 64.5% [Texas] to 94.8% [DC]; median: 82.1%) (Table 4). For all reporting areas combined, the prevalence of this indicator varied significantly by age group and race/ethnicity. Specifically, 84.6% of women aged 35–44 years reported current health-care coverage, compared with 78.5% of those aged 25–34 years and 74.2% of those aged 18–24 years. In addition, 85.8% of non-Hispanic white women reported current health-care coverage, compared with 81.4% of women who identified themselves as other race/ethnicity, 78.0% of non-Hispanic black women, and 61.2% of Hispanic women.
Health-Care Coverage During the Month Before Pregnancy (PRAMS)
Health-care coverage during the month before pregnancy was defined as having any kind of health-care coverage (e.g., health insurance or government plan) during the month before pregnancy. In 2009, among women aged 18–44 years with a recent live birth, the estimated overall prevalence of women who had health-care coverage during the month before pregnancy for 29 reporting areas was 74.9% (range: 59.4% [Texas] to 94.0% [Massachusetts]; median: 78.2%) (Table 5). For all reporting areas combined, the prevalence of this indicator varied significantly by age group and race/ethnicity. Specifically, 84.6% of women aged 35–44 years reported health-care coverage during the month before pregnancy, compared with 79.8% of those aged 25–34 years, and 62.0% of those aged 18–24 years. In addition, 82.9% of women who identified themselves as other race/ethnicity reported health-care coverage during the month before pregnancy, compared with 81.9% of non-Hispanic white women, 76.0% of non-Hispanic black women, and 50.3% of Hispanic women.
Routine Checkup During the Past Year (BRFSS)
Routine checkup during the preceding year was defined as having visited a doctor for a routine checkup within the preceding year. In 2009, among women aged 18–44 years, the estimated overall percentage of women who reported having had a routine checkup during the preceding year for the 51 reporting areas was 66.3% (range: 51.4% [Oklahoma] to 77.3% [DC]; median: 66.4%) (Table 6). For all reporting areas combined, the prevalence of this indicator varied significantly by age group and race/ethnicity. Specifically, 69.6% of women aged 35–44 years reported a routine checkup during the preceding year, compared with 65.0% of those aged 18–24 years, and 63.5% of those aged 25–34 years. In addition, 79.0% of non-Hispanic black women reported a routine checkup during the preceding year, compared with 65.1% of non-Hispanic white women, 64.3% of women who identified themselves as other race/ethnicity, and 63.0% of Hispanic women.
Postpartum Checkup (PRAMS)
Postpartum checkup was defined as visiting a health-care provider for a postpartum checkup after a mother's most recent live birth. In 2009, among women aged 18–44 years with a recent live birth, the estimated overall prevalence of receiving a postpartum checkup for 16 reporting areas was 88.2% (range: 84.2% [Texas] to 94.4% [Massachusetts]; median: 89.1) (Table 7). For all reporting areas combined, the prevalence of this indicator varied significantly by age group and race/ethnicity. Specifically, 90.5% of women aged 25–34 years reported a postpartum checkup, compared with 90.0% of those aged 35–44 years, and 83.7% of those aged 18–24 years. In addition, 91.6% of non-Hispanic white women reported a postpartum checkup, compared with 88.3% of women who identified themselves as other race/ethnicity, 86.6% of non-Hispanic black women, and 80.3% of Hispanic women.
Teeth Cleaned During the 12 Months Before Pregnancy (PRAMS)
Having a teeth cleaning during the 12 months before pregnancy was defined as visiting a dentist or dental hygienist for a teeth cleaning in the 12 months before becoming pregnant. In 2009, among women aged 18–44 years with a recent live birth, the estimated overall prevalence of having a teeth cleaning for 29 reporting areas was 51.3% (range: 39.9% [Georgia] to 65.8% [Massachusetts]; median: 53.8) (Table 8). For all reporting areas combined, the prevalence of this indicator varied significantly by age group and race/ethnicity. Specifically, 61.8% of women aged 35–44 years reported having their teeth cleaned in the 12 months before pregnancy, compared with 55.1% of those aged 25–34 years and 40.2% of those aged 18–24 years. In addition, 58.6% of non-Hispanic white women reported having their teeth cleaned in the 12 months before pregnancy, compared with 48.4% of women who identified themselves as other race/ethnicity, 43.0% of non-Hispanic black women, and 36.5% of Hispanic women.
Recent Papanicolaou Test (BRFSS)
Recent Papanicolaou (Pap) test was defined as having had a Pap test within the past 3 years. In 2008, among women aged 18–44 years, the estimated overall prevalence of women who had a recent Pap test for the 51 reporting areas was 84.2% (range: 73.0% [Utah] to 91.3% [DC]; median: 84.6%) (Table 9). For all reporting areas combined, the prevalence of this indicator varied significantly by age group and race/ethnicity. Specifically, 89.7% of women aged 25–34 years reported a recent Pap test, compared with 88.2% of those aged 35–44 years and 68.6% of those aged 18–24 years. In addition, 87.4% of non-Hispanic black women reported a recent Pap test, compared with 84.6% of non-Hispanic white women, 83.5% of Hispanic women, and 77.6% of women who identified themselves as other race/ethnicity.
Preconception Counseling from a Health-Care Provider (PRAMS)
Receiving preconception counseling was defined as talking with a doctor, nurse, or other health-care worker about five or more of 11 possible lifestyle behaviors and prevention strategies before the pregnancy of her most recent live-born infant. In 2009, among women aged 18–44 years with a recent live birth, the estimated overall prevalence of receiving preconception counseling for four reporting areas was 18.4% (range: 17.7% [Ohio] to 19.8% [Maryland]; median: 18.4%) (Table 10). Differences by age group or race/ethnicity were not statistically significant.
Domain 4: Reproductive Health and Family Planning
Previous Preterm Birth Among Multiparous Women (PRAMS)
Previous preterm birth was defined as a live birth (before the respondent's most recent live birth) having been delivered >3 weeks before the due date; women whose most recent live birth was their first birth were excluded. In 2009, among multiparous women aged 18–44 years with a recent live birth, the estimated overall prevalence of previous preterm birth for 29 reporting areas was 14.4% (range: 10.6% [Oklahoma] to 19.6% [Mississippi]; median: 13.0%) (Table 11). For all reporting areas combined, the prevalence of this indicator varied significantly by age group and race/ethnicity. Specifically, 16.8% of women aged 18–24 years reported a previous preterm birth, compared with 14.1% of those aged 25–34 years and 12.1% of those aged 35–44 years. In addition, 17.5% of non-Hispanic black women reported a previous preterm birth, compared with 17.1% of Hispanic women, 13.5% of women who identified themselves as other race/ethnicity, and 12.6% of non-Hispanic white women.
Previous Fetal Death, Miscarriage, or Stillbirth Among Multiparous Women (PRAMS)
Among multiparous women, previous fetal death, miscarriage, or stillbirth was defined as having experienced at least one fetal death (i.e., infant died before being born), miscarriage, or stillbirth in the 12 months before getting pregnant with the most recent live-born infant. In 2009, among multiparous women aged 18–44 years with a recent live birth, the estimated overall prevalence of previous fetal death, miscarriage, or stillbirth for two reporting areas was 14.9% (range: 14.4% [Wisconsin] to 18.2% [Delaware]; median: 16.3%) (Table 12). Differences by age group or race/ethnicity were not statistically significant.
Unintended Pregnancy (PRAMS)
Unintended pregnancy was defined as a pregnancy among women who, just before their most recent pregnancy, wanted to be pregnant later or did not want to be pregnant then or at any time in the future. In 2009, among women aged 18–44 years with a recent live birth, the estimated overall prevalence of women who reported that the pregnancy was unintended for 29 reporting areas was 42.9% (range: 32.4% [Massachusetts] to 56.1% [Mississippi]; median: 41.4%) (Table 13). For all reporting areas combined, the prevalence of this indicator varied significantly by age group and race/ethnicity. Specifically, 61.6% of women aged 18–24 years reported that the pregnancy was unintended, compared with 35.4% of those aged 25–34 years and 29.2% of those aged 35–44 years. In addition, 65.2% of non-Hispanic black women reported that the pregnancy was unintended, compared with 45.9% of Hispanic women, 37.9% of women who identified themselves as other race/ethnicity, and 37.3% of non-Hispanic white women.
Contraceptive Nonuse at Time of Conception Among Women Not Trying to Get Pregnant (PRAMS)
Among women not trying to get pregnant, contraceptive nonuse at the time of conception was defined as women who reported that neither they nor their husbands or partners were doing anything to keep from getting pregnant at the time of conception. In 2009, among women aged 18–44 years with a recent live birth who were not trying to get pregnant, the estimated overall prevalence of contraceptive nonuse at the time of conception for 29 reporting areas was 52.6% (range: 46.7% [Washington] to 58.1% [West Virginia]; median: 53.5%) (Table 14). For all reporting areas combined, the prevalence varied significantly by age group and race/ethnicity. Specifically, 54.5% of women aged 18–24 years not trying to get pregnant reported contraceptive nonuse at the time of conception, compared with 51.3% of those aged 35–44 years and 51.1% of those aged 25–34 years. In addition, 55.4% of women who identified themselves as other race/ethnicity who were not trying to get pregnant reported contraceptive nonuse at time of conception, compared with 54.5% of non-Hispanic black women, 54.1% of non-Hispanic white women, and 45.9% of Hispanic women.
Postpartum Contraceptive Use (PRAMS)
Postpartum contraceptive use was defined as current use of a birth control method by women or their husbands or partners to keep from getting pregnant including natural family planning (e.g., the rhythm methods or withdrawal). In 2009, among women aged 18–44 years with a recent live birth, the estimated overall prevalence of women who reported current contraceptive use for 29 reporting areas was 85.1% (range: 74.9% [New Jersey] to 90.1% [Utah]; median: 85.9%) (Table 15). For all reporting areas combined, the prevalence of this indicator varied significantly by age group and race/ethnicity. Specifically, 86.2% of women aged 18–24 years reported postpartum contraceptive use, compared with 85.2% of those aged 25–34 years and 82.4% of those aged 35–44 years. In addition, 85.9% of non-Hispanic white women reported postpartum contraceptive use, compared with 85.7% of Hispanic women, 83.7% of non-Hispanic black women, and 78.7% of women who identified themselves as other race/ethnicity.
Use of Assisted Reproductive Technology Among Women Trying to Get Pregnant (PRAMS)
Among women trying to get pregnant, use of assisted reproductive technology was defined as use of fertility drugs or receipt of any medical procedures from a doctor, nurse, or other health-care worker to help them get pregnant before their most recent pregnancy. In 2009, among women aged 18–44 years with a recent live birth trying to get pregnant, the estimated overall prevalence of reported use of assisted reproductive technology for eight reporting areas was 11.1% (range: 8.3% [Maine] to 15.5% [Delaware]; median: 10.5%) (Table 16). For all reporting areas combined, the prevalence of this indicator significantly varied by age group and race/ethnicity. Specifically, approximately 20.7% of women aged 35–44 years trying to get pregnant reported use of assisted reproductive technology, compared with 10.3% of those aged 25–34 years and 3.9% of those aged 18–24 years. Additionally, 13.5% of women who identified themselves as other race/ethnicity reported use of assisted reproductive technology, compared with 12.0% of non-Hispanic white women, 9.4% of non-Hispanic black women, and 5.5% of Hispanic women.
Domain 5: Tobacco and Alcohol Use
Current Smoking (BRFSS)
Current smoking was defined as smoking =100 cigarettes in a lifetime and currently smoking cigarettes every day or some days at the time of the interview. In 2009, among women aged 18–44 years, the estimated overall prevalence of smoking for the 51 U.S. reporting areas was 18.7% (range: 8.3% [Utah] to 30.9% [West Virginia]; median: 20.1%) (Table 17). For all reporting areas combined, the prevalence of this indicator varied significantly by age group and race/ethnicity. Specifically, 20.4% of women aged 25–34 years were current smokers, compared with 18.7% of those aged 18–24 years and 17.2% of those aged 35–44 years. In addition, 22.0% of non-Hispanic white women were current smokers, compared with16.9% of women who identified themselves as other race/ethnicity, 15.7% of non-Hispanic black women, and 9.8% of Hispanic women.
Smoking Before Pregnancy (PRAMS)
Smoking before pregnancy was defined as smoking =100 cigarettes in the preceding 2 years and smoking any number of cigarettes, including less than one cigarette, on an average day during the 3 months before pregnancy. In 2009, among women aged 18–44 years with a recent live birth, the estimated overall prevalence of women who had smoked before pregnancy for 29 reporting areas was 25.1% (range: 12.8% [Utah] to 42.9% [West Virginia]; median: 27.2%) (Table 18). For all reporting areas combined, the prevalence of this indicator varied significantly by age group and race/ethnicity. Specifically, 35.8% of women aged 18–24 years reported smoking during the 3 months before pregnancy, compared with 21.7% of those aged 25–34 years and 14.1% of those aged 35–44 years. In addition, 30.8% of non-Hispanic white women reported smoking during the 3 months before pregnancy, compared with 22.7% of non-Hispanic black women, 18.7% of women who identified themselves as other race/ethnicity, and 12.4% of Hispanic women.
Current Secondhand Smoke Exposure (PRAMS)
Current secondhand smoke exposure was defined as smoking being allowed anywhere in the home or allowed in some rooms or at some times in the home at the time of the interview. In 2009, among women aged 18–44 years with a recent live birth, the estimated overall prevalence of current exposure to secondhand smoke for 29 reporting areas was 6.4% (range: 1.1% [Utah] to 14.3% [West Virginia]; median: 5.1%) (Table 19). For all reporting areas combined, the prevalence of this indicator varied significantly by age group and race/ethnicity. Specifically, 11.1% of women aged 18–24 years reported current secondhand smoke exposure, compared with 4.6% of those aged 25–34 years and 3.0% of those aged 35–44 years. In addition, 12.2% of non-Hispanic black women reported current secondhand smoke exposure, compared with 6.6% of non-Hispanic white women, 4.9% of women who identified themselves as other race/ethnicity, and 2.7% of Hispanic women.
Current Binge Drinking (BRFSS)
Current binge drinking was defined as drinking four or more alcoholic beverages in one sitting on at least one occasion during the preceding month at the time of the interview. In 2009, among women aged 18–44 years, the estimated overall prevalence of binge drinking for the 51 reporting areas was 15.2% (range: 6.6% [West Virginia] to 25.6% [North Dakota]; median: 16.4%) (Table 20). For all reporting areas combined, the prevalence of this indicator varied significantly by age group and race/ethnicity. Specifically, approximately 21.2% of women aged 18–24 years were binge drinkers, compared with 15.8% of those aged 25–34 years and 11.7% of those aged 35–44 years. In addition, 17.9% of non-Hispanic white women were binge drinkers, compared with 11.7% of women who identified themselves as other race/ethnicity, 11.0% of Hispanic women, and 10.1% of non-Hispanic black women.
Drinking Alcohol Before Pregnancy (PRAMS)
Drinking alcohol before pregnancy was defined as drinking any amount of an alcoholic beverage, including less than one drink, in an average week during the 3 months before pregnancy. In 2009, among women aged 18–44 years with a recent live birth, the estimated overall prevalence of reported drinking of any alcohol during the 3 months before pregnancy for 29 reporting areas was 54.2% (range: 24.0% [Utah] to 71.6% [Vermont]; median: 59.9%) (Table 21). For all reporting areas combined, the prevalence of this indicator varied by age group and race/ethnicity. Specifically, 56.5% of women aged 35–44 years reported alcohol use 3 months before pregnancy, compared with 56.3% of those aged 25–34 years and 49.6% of women aged 18–24 years. In addition, 65.7% of non-Hispanic white women reported alcohol use during the 3 months before pregnancy, compared with 44.2% of non-Hispanic black women, 39.7% of women who identified themselves as other race/ethnicity, and 32.2% of Hispanic women.
Binge Drinking Before Pregnancy (PRAMS)
Binge drinking before pregnancy was defined as drinking four or more drinks in one sitting at least once during the 3 months before pregnancy. In 2009, among women aged 18–44 years with a recent live birth, the estimated overall prevalence of reported binge drinking before pregnancy for 29 reporting areas was 24.4% (range: 11.8% [Utah] to 34.8% [Minnesota]; median: 25.8%) (Table 22). For all reporting areas combined, the prevalence of this indicator varied significantly by age group and race/ethnicity. Specifically, 26.2% of women aged 18–24 years reported binge drinking during the 3 months before pregnancy, compared with 24.9% of those aged 25–34 years and 17.8% of those aged 35–44 years. In addition, 30.7% of non-Hispanic white women reported binge drinking during the 3 months before pregnancy, compared with 17.2% of women who identified themselves as other race/ethnicity,15.3% of non-Hispanic black women, and 14.5% of Hispanic women.
Domain 6: Nutrition and Physical Activity
Fruit and Vegetable Intake (BRFSS)
Adequate fruit and vegetable intake was defined as reported combined consumption of fruits and vegetables at least five times per day. In 2009, among women aged 18–44 years, the estimated overall prevalence of reported consumption of fruits and vegetables at least five times per day for the 51 reporting areas was 25.2% (range: 13.4% [Oklahoma] to 33.5% [DC]; median: 25.2%) (Table 23). For all reporting areas combined, the prevalence of this indicator varied significantly by age group and race/ethnicity. Specifically, approximately 26.4% of women aged 35–44 years reported consuming fruits and vegetables at least five times per day, compared with 25.9% of those aged 25–34 years and 21.6% of those aged 18–24 years. In addition, 29.6% of women who identified themselves as other race/ethnicity reported consuming fruits and vegetables at least five times per day, compared with 25.0% of non-Hispanic white women, 24.3% of Hispanic women, and 24.2% of non-Hispanic black women.
Overweight Body Mass Index (BRFSS and PRAMS)
Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight (kg)/(height [m])2. Overweight (but not obese) was defined as having a BMI of 25.0–29.9 kg/m2. In 2009, among women aged 18–44 years, the estimated overall prevalence of overweight at the time of the interview for the 51 reporting areas was 26.6% (range: 20.0% [Virginia] to 33.0% [Alaska]; median: 26.3%) (Table 24). For all reporting areas combined, the prevalence of this indicator varied significantly by age group and race/ethnicity. Specifically, 28.3% of women aged 35–44 years were overweight, compared with 27.7% of those aged 25–34 years and 21.6% of those aged 18–24 years. In addition, 31.1% of Hispanic women were overweight, compared with 28.4% of non-Hispanic black women, 25.6% of women who identified themselves as other race/ethnicity, and 25.0% of non-Hispanic white women.
Among women with a recent live birth, the estimated overall prevalence of overweight just before the most recent pregnancy for 29 reporting areas was 24.9% (range: 21.2% [Wyoming] to 32.1% [Georgia]; median: 24.1%) (Table 25). The prevalence of this indicator varied significantly by race/ethnicity but not by age group. Specifically, 29.3% of Hispanic women were overweight just before they became pregnant, compared with 27.2% of non-Hispanic black women, 23.4% of non-Hispanic white women, and 23.3% of women who identified themselves as other race/ethnicity.
Obesity (BRFSS and PRAMS)
Being obese was defined as having a BMI of =30.0. In 2009, among women aged 18–44 years, the estimated overall prevalence of obesity for the 51 reporting areas at the time of the interview was 24.7% (range: 14.5% [Connecticut] to 36.4% [Mississippi]; median: 24.1%) (Table 26). For all reporting areas combined, the prevalence of this indicator varied significantly by age group and race/ethnicity. Specifically, 28.0% of women aged 35–44 years were obese, compared with 25.8% of those aged 25–34 years and 16.6% of those aged 18–24 years. In addition, 39.6% of non-Hispanic black women were obese, compared with 28.2% of Hispanic women, 21.7% of non-Hispanic white women, and 18.2% of women who identified themselves as other race/ethnicity.
Among women with a recent live birth, the estimated overall prevalence of prepregnancy obesity for 29 reporting areas was 22.1% (range: 14.4% [Colorado] to 29.0% [Mississippi]; median: 21.3%) (Table 27). Prevalence estimates of this indicator varied significantly by age group and race/ethnicity, similar to estimates of obesity at the time of the interview.
Folic Acid Supplementation During the Month Before Pregnancy (PRAMS)
Folic acid supplementation during the month before pregnancy was defined as taking a multivitamin, prenatal vitamin, or folic acid vitamin every day of the month before pregnancy. In 2009, among women aged 18–44 years with a recent live birth, the estimated overall prevalence of women who reported folic acid supplementation during the month before pregnancy for 29 reporting areas was 29.7% (range: 21.7% [West Virginia] to 38.2% [Vermont]; median: 30.9%) (Table 28). For all reporting areas combined, the prevalence of this indicator varied significantly by age group and race/ethnicity. Specifically, 42.4% of women aged 35–44 years reported folic acid supplementation during the month before pregnancy, compared with 34.5% of those aged 25–34 years and 16.1% of those aged 18–24 years. In addition, 34.2% of non-Hispanic white women reported folic acid supplementation during the month before pregnancy, compared with 33.0% of women who identified themselves as other race/ethnicity, 22.5% of Hispanic women, and 19.5% of non-Hispanic black women.
Participation in Recommended Levels of Physical Activity (BRFSS)
Participation in recommended levels of physical activity during the preceding year was defined as participating in enough moderate or vigorous physical activity in a usual week to meet the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' recommended levels of physical activity (49). In 2009, among women aged 18–44 years, the estimated overall prevalence of women who reported participation in recommended levels of physical activity for the 51 reporting areas was 51.6% (range: 39.2% [Tennessee] to 62.4% [Idaho]; median: 53.5%) (Table 29). For all reporting areas combined, the prevalence of this indicator varied significantly by age group and race/ethnicity. Specifically, 53.5% of women aged 18–24 years reported participation in recommended levels of physical activity, compared with 52.8% of those aged 25–34 years and 49.7% of those aged 35–44 years. In addition, 55.3% of non-Hispanic white women reported participation in recommended levels of physical activity, compared with 47.7% of Hispanic women, 46.8% of women who identified themselves as other race/ethnicity, and 41.0% of non-Hispanic black women.
Domain 7: Mental Health
Frequent Mental Distress (BRFSS)
Frequent mental distress was defined as mental health that was not good for at least 14 of the preceding 30 days. In 2009, among women aged 18–44 years, the estimated overall prevalence of women who had frequent mental distress during the previous month for the 51 reporting areas was 13.2% (range: 8.0% [DC] to 18.3% [Arkansas]; median: 12.3%) (Table 30). For all reporting areas combined, the prevalence of this indicator varied significantly by race/ethnicity but not by age group. Specifically, 15.1% of non-Hispanic black women reported frequent mental distress, compared with 13.4% of Hispanic women, 12.9% of women who identified themselves as other race/ethnicity, and 12.8% of non-Hispanic white women.
Clinical Care for Anxiety or Depression During the 12 Months Before Pregnancy (PRAMS)
Clinical care for anxiety or depression during the 12 months before pregnancy was defined as visiting a health-care provider to be checked or treated for anxiety or depression during the 12 months before pregnancy. In 2009, among women aged 18–44 years with a recent live birth, the estimated overall prevalence of receiving clinical care for anxiety or depression during the 12 months before pregnancy for 29 reporting areas was 11.2% (range: 6.8% [Hawaii] to 21.1% [Maine]; median: 12.8%) (Table 31). For all reporting areas combined, the prevalence of this indicator varied significantly by race/ethnicity but not by age group. Specifically, 13.2% of non-Hispanic white women reported receiving clinical care for anxiety or depression during the 12 months before pregnancy, compared with 9.8% of non-Hispanic black women, 7.9% of women who identified themselves as other race/ethnicity, and 7.3% of Hispanic women.
Postpartum Depressive Symptoms (PRAMS)
Experiencing postpartum depressive symptoms was defined as feeling down, depressed, or sad; hopeless; or slowed down by a substantial degree since the infant's birth. In 2009, among women aged 18–44 years with a recent live birth, the estimated overall prevalence of women who had postpartum depressive symptoms for 29 reporting areas was 11.9% (range: 7.7% [Illinois] to 19.9% in [Arkansas]; median: 12.4%) (Table 32). For all reporting areas combined, the prevalence of this indicator varied significantly by age group and race/ethnicity. Specifically, 14.7% of women aged 18–24 years reported postpartum depressive symptoms, compared with 10.7% of those aged 25–34 years and 10.0% of those aged 35–44 years. In addition, 14.1% of non-Hispanic black women reported postpartum depressive symptoms, compared with 11.8% of non-Hispanic white women, 11.1% of Hispanic women, and 10.2% of women who identified themselves as other race/ethnicity.
Domain 8: Emotional and Social Support
Physical Abuse During the 12 Months Before Pregnancy (PRAMS)
Physical abuse during the 12 months before pregnancy was defined as being pushed, hit, slapped, kicked, choked, or physically hurt in any other way by a husband or partner during the 12 months before pregnancy. In 2009, among women aged 18–44 years with a recent live birth, the estimated overall prevalence of women who reported physical abuse during the 12 months before pregnancy for 29 reporting areas was 3.8% (range: 1.9% [Oregon] and [Utah] to 5.7% [Oklahoma]; median: 3.5%) (Table 33). For all reporting areas combined, the prevalence of this indicator varied significantly by age group and race/ethnicity. Specifically, 6.7% of women aged 18–24 years reported physical abuse during the 12 months before pregnancy, compared with 2.6% of those aged 25–34 years and 1.9% of those aged 35–44 years. In addition, 5.7% of non-Hispanic black women reported physical abuse during the 12 months before pregnancy, compared with 5.0% of Hispanic women, 3.1% of women who identified themselves as other race/ethnicity, and 3.0% of non-Hispanic white women.
Mental Abuse During the 12 Months Before Pregnancy (PRAMS)
Women who experienced mental abuse during the 12 months before pregnancy were those who reported that a husband or partner threatened them, limited their activities against their will, or made them feel unsafe during the 12 months before pregnancy. In 2009, only the Alaska PRAMS asked about mental abuse. Among women in Alaska aged 18–44 years with a recent live birth, the estimated overall prevalence of women who experienced mental abuse during the 12 months before pregnancy was 2.4% (CI = 1.6–3.5). For Alaska, the prevalence of this indicator varied significantly by age group and race/ethnicity. Specifically, 3.5% (CI = 2.0–6.0) of women aged 18–24 years reported mental abuse during the 12 months before pregnancy, compared with 2.0% (CI = 1.1–3.6) of those aged 25–34 years and 0.3% (CI = 0.1–0.7) of those aged 35–44 years. In addition, 4.4% (CI = 2.8–6.9) of women who identified themselves as other race/ethnicity reported mental abuse during the 12 months before pregnancy, compared with 3.6% (CI = 0.8–14.5) of Hispanic women, 1.3% (CI = 0.6–3.0) of non-Hispanic white women, and 0.7% (CI = 0.2–2.3) of non-Hispanic black women.
Adequate Emotional and Social Support (BRFSS)
Adequate emotional and social support was defined as always or usually getting the social and emotional support needed. In 2009, among women aged 18–44 years, the estimated overall prevalence of women who reported adequate emotional and social support for the 51 reporting areas was 79.9% (range: 72.5% [Mississippi] to 88.4% [Oregon]; median: 81.5%) (Table 34). For all reporting areas combined, the prevalence of this indicator varied significantly by race/ethnicity but not by age. Specifically, 85.0% of non-Hispanic white women reported adequate emotional and social support, compared with 74.9% of women who identified themselves as other race/ethnicity, 70.5% of Hispanic women, and 69.7% of non-Hispanic black women.
Types of Social and Emotional Support Available to Women After Delivering Their Infant (PRAMS)
Social and emotional support available to women after delivering their infant was defined as having had three or more out of five types of social support available to them since they delivered their infant, including help with child care, help with housework, knowing they would not lose their jobs, having money to make up for not working, and other. In 2009, among women aged 18–44 years with a recent live birth, the estimated overall prevalence of women who had adequate social and emotional support available to them after delivering their infant for two reporting areas was 87.0% (range: 87.0% [Oklahoma] to 87.2% [Rhode Island]; median: 87.1%) (Table 35). For the two reporting areas combined, the prevalence of this indicator varied significantly by race/ethnicity but not by age. Specifically, 90.6.% of non-Hispanic white women reported adequate emotional and social support after delivery of their infant, compared with 87.2% of women who identified themselves as other race/ethnicity, 79.4% of non-Hispanic black women, and 75.5% of Hispanic women.
Domain 9: Chronic Conditions
Diabetes (BRFSS)
Women with diabetes were those who reported ever being told by a health-care provider that they had diabetes, not including gestational diabetes. In 2009, among women aged 18–44 years, the estimated overall prevalence of women who had diabetes for 51 reporting areas was 3.0% (range: 1.1% [Minnesota] to 6.2% [Tennessee]; median: 2.7%) (Table 36). For all reporting areas combined, the prevalence of this indicator varied significantly by age group and race/ethnicity. Specifically, 4.5% of women aged 35–44 years reported having diabetes, compared with 2.4% of those aged 25–34 years and 1.0% of women aged 18–24 years. In addition, 5.1% of non-Hispanic black women reported being diagnosed with diabetes, compared with 3.6% of Hispanic women, 3.3% of women who identified themselves as other race/ethnicity, and 2.3% of non-Hispanic white women.
Prepregnancy Diabetes (PRAMS)
Women with prepregnancy diabetes were those who reported ever being told by a health-care provider before their most recent pregnancy that they had type I or type II diabetes. In 2009, among women aged 18–44 years with a recent live birth, the estimated overall prevalence of women who had diabetes before pregnancy for 29 reporting areas was 2.1% (range: 1.3% [Minnesota] and [Utah] to 4.0% [Arkansas]; median: 2.1%) (Table 37). For all reporting areas combined, the prevalence of this indicator varied significantly by age group and race/ethnicity. Specifically, 3.4% of those aged 35–44 years reported having diabetes before pregnancy, compared with 2.0% of those aged 25–34 years and 1.8% of those aged 18–24 years. In addition, 3.1% of women who identified themselves as other race/ethnicity reported prepregnancy diabetes, compared with 2.7% of non-Hispanic black women, 2.0% of non-Hispanic white women, and 1.8% of Hispanic women.
Hypertension (BRFSS)
Women with hypertension were those who reported ever being told by a health-care provider that they had hypertension, not including hypertension during pregnancy. In 2009, among women aged 18–44 years, the estimated overall prevalence of women who had hypertension for 51 reporting areas was 10.2% (range: 5.4% [Nebraska] to 19.6% [Mississippi]; median: 9.5%) (Table 38). For all reporting areas combined, the prevalence of this indicator varied significantly by age group and race/ethnicity. Specifically, 14.7% of women aged 35–44 years reported hypertension, not including hypertension during pregnancy, compared with 8.5% of those aged 25–34 years and 4.7% of those aged 18–24 years. In addition, 19.2% of non-Hispanic black women reported hypertension, compared with 9.3% of non-Hispanic white women, 8.2% of Hispanic women, and 7.9% of women who identified themselves as other race/ethnicity.
Hypertension During the 3 Months Before Pregnancy (PRAMS)
Women with prepregnancy hypertension were those who reported having high blood pressure during the 3 months before their most recent pregnancy. In 2009, among women aged 18–44 years with a recent live birth, the estimated overall prevalence of women who had hypertension during the 3 months before pregnancy for 10 reporting areas was 3.0% (range: 1.4% [Utah] to 4.7% [West Virginia]; median: 3.5%) (Table 39). For all reporting areas combined, the prevalence of this indicator varied significantly by age group and race/ethnicity. Specifically, 5.3% of those aged 35–44 years reported hypertension during 3 months before pregnancy, compared with 2.7% of those aged 25–34 years and 2.5% of those aged 18–24 years. In addition, 6.6% of non-Hispanic black women reported having hypertension during 3 months before pregnancy, compared with 2.8% of women who identified themselves as other race/ethnicity, 2.5% of non-Hispanic white women, and 1.7% of Hispanic women.
Asthma (BRFSS)
Women with a current asthma diagnosis were those who reported that a doctor, nurse, or other health professional had ever told them that they had asthma and reported that they still have asthma. In 2009, among women aged 18–44 years, the estimated overall prevalence of women who reported currently having asthma for the 51 reporting areas was 10.7% (range: 6.8% [Georgia] to 15.1% [Massachusetts] and [North Dakota]; median: 11.0%) (Table 40). For all reporting areas combined, the prevalence of this indicator varied significantly by age group and race/ethnicity. Specifically, 12.9% of women aged 18–24 years reported currently having asthma, compared with 10.2% of those aged 25–34 years and 9.8% of those aged 35–44 years. In addition, 12.3% of non-Hispanic black women reported currently having asthma, compared with 11.3% of non-Hispanic white women, 9.8% of women who identified themselves as other race/ethnicity and 7.7% of Hispanic women.
Domain 10: Infections
Influenza Vaccination During the Preceding Year (BRFSS)
Influenza vaccination during the preceding year was defined as receiving an influenza vaccine during the preceding 12 months (either a vaccine injected into their arm or a vaccine sprayed into their nose). In 2009, among women aged 18–44 years, the estimated overall prevalence of women who reported receiving an influenza vaccination during the preceding year for the 51 reporting areas was 28.2% (range: 17.1% [Florida] to 48.7% [South Dakota]; median: 30.1%) (Table 41). For all reporting areas combined, the prevalence of this indicator varied significantly by age group and race/ethnicity. Specifically, 30.5% of women aged 35–44 years reported receiving an influenza vaccination during the previous year, compared with 27.8% of those aged 25–34 years and 24.3% of those aged 18–24 years. In addition, 30.7% of non-Hispanic white women reported receiving an influenza vaccination within the previous year, compared with 29.3% of women who identified themselves as other race/ethnicity, 22.9% of non-Hispanic black women, and 22.6% of Hispanic women.
Discussion
This report presents the status of 39 preconception health indicators monitored by PRAMS or BRFSS and the 10 preconception health domains recommended by the state working group (38). This is the first published surveillance summary that provides both national and reporting area-specific estimates of the recommended core preconception health indicators and provides an opportunity to monitor changes in preconception health over time (from 2004 to 2009).* As such, these findings can help public health decision makers, researchers, and key stakeholders to make state and national comparisons that can be used for needs assessments, resource allocation, and program evaluation. Since 2004, no significant changes occurred in the overall prevalence estimates for seven of the 10 indicators that were defined consistently with those previously reported (i.e., nonuse of contraception prepregnancy, current contraceptive use, diabetes, physical abuse, types of social support, receipt of a postpartum checkup, and hypertension) (8), whereas the status of three indicators (prepregnancy smoking, prepregnancy alcohol consumption, and previous preterm delivery) worsened. Cigarette smoking during the 3 months before pregnancy increased from 23.2% (CI = 22.5–23.9) in 2004 (8) to 25.1% (CI = 24.4–25.9) in 2009. Alcohol use during the same time periods increased from 50.1% (CI = 49.3–50.9) (8) to 54.2% (CI = 53.3–55.1). Previous preterm delivery increased from 11.9% (CI = 11.3–12.5) (8) to 14.4% (CI = 13.5–15.2).
The findings in this report suggest opportunities for improving the preconception health of U.S. women. From a public health perspective, one key strategy is to integrate preconception health care into the existing public health services (36). Well-established evidence supports preventive screening and interventions that improve women's health outcomes (e.g., smoking cessation, reduced alcohol consumption, and blood pressure and glucose control) (32,33,50,51). However, much of the evidence for preconception interventions is derived from studying populations of women at high risk for adverse birth outcomes (e.g., those who consume alcohol, smoke, or have histories of previous adverse birth outcomes) or other specific populations (e.g., women intending to get pregnant) (52). A recent literature review reported few published preconception interventions have demonstrated substantial effectiveness for improving pregnancy outcomes (52). The following sections highlight the status of key preconception health domains that included indicators with high prevalence and those that can lead to serious adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes (e.g., tobacco and alcohol use, nutrition and physical activity, and chronic conditions, health care, and reproductive health and family planning). Because nearly all indicators varied significantly by age, race/ethnicity, and reporting area, disparities also are summarized.
Tobacco and Alcohol Use
Tobacco use continues to be a crucial focus area for screening and intervention. Approximately one fourth of women of reproductive age reported prepregnancy smoking and approximately one fifth reported current smoking. Estimates of smoking during the 3 months before pregnancy are higher than the 2004 estimates (23.2%; CI = 22.5–23.9); however, the estimate of current smoking is similar to the previous estimate (17.9%; CI = 17.3–18.5) (8). Tobacco use during pregnancy is associated with spontaneous abortions, preterm births, and other adverse birth outcomes such as having infants who are small for gestational age or low birth weight, stillbirth, fetal death, and sudden infant death syndrome (14,53). Clinical practice guidelines have been developed for smoking and include screening reproductive age women for tobacco use (32,53). In addition, providing brief clinical interventions to tobacco users, in general, combined with referrals to telephone quit lines, improves quit rates (54).
Approximately one in four women with a recent live birth reported prepregnancy binge drinking and more than half (54%) reported drinking some alcohol during the 3 months before pregnancy. The estimate of any alcohol use during the 3 months before pregnancy in 2009 (54.2%; CI = 53.3–55.1) was higher than the 2004 estimate (50.1%; CI = 49.3–50.9) (8). Use of alcohol during pregnancy is associated with spontaneous abortions, stillbirth, preterm delivery, and sudden infant death syndrome (55), and has consistently been shown to result in lifelong disorders in children, known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (56,57). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services guidelines advise against any alcohol use if a woman is pregnant or considering becoming pregnant (15). Screening reproductive age women for alcohol use is recommended (15,33,58). Clinical practice guidelines have been developed for alcohol misuse and include counseling and behavioral strategies that include action plans, drinking diaries, stress management, or problem solving (33). Evidence supports the use of electronic devices (e.g., computers, telephones, or mobile devices) for screening women and brief interventions by clinicians to reduce excessive alcohol consumption (27,33,59).
Nutrition and Physical Activity
Scientific evidence and clinical practice guidelines support preconception care interventions that focus on several risk factors under the domain of nutrition and physical activity (28,29), namely obesity and inadequate folic acid intake. These two risk factors are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and were highlighted in the 2006 CDC recommendations to improve preconception health (35).
The findings in this report indicate that one in four women with a recent live birth was overweight and approximately one in five was obese before they became pregnant. In addition, 25% of nonpregnant women of reproductive age were obese. The 2009 estimate of prepregnancy obesity among this population (22.1%; CI = 21.3–22.9) is not statistically different from the 2004 estimate (21.9%; CI = 21.2–22.6) (8); however, the definition used for obesity (BMI =30.0) is more restrictive than that used previously (BMI >29.0), making comparisons difficult. Women of reproductive age should be screened for obesity (18,60) because maternal obesity is associated with chronic disease, cesarean delivery, and hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, and weight loss before pregnancy can reduce these risks (61–64). Physical activity, particularly when combined with a healthy diet, is effective for promoting weight loss (65) and also reduces the risk for numerous chronic diseases; however, only half of all women reported participating in weekly physical activity that meets recommended levels (49). Counseling to support improvements in diet and physical activity also can promote modest sustained weight loss (66). Experts recommend that overweight women be offered specific behavioral strategies to decrease caloric intake and increase physical activity and be encouraged to enroll in structured weight loss programs (29,67). The Guide to Community Preventive Services recommends technology-supported, multicomponent coaching or counseling interventions that use technology to promote weight loss and control (68). Finally, pharmacotherapy and surgery might be appropriate options for some women (66).
Approximately 30% of women reported taking a supplement that contained folic acid every day of the month before pregnancy. Folic acid deficiency before pregnancy increases the risk for neural tube defects in infants, but vitamin supplements can reduce occurrence of neural tube defects by two thirds, and clinical practice guidelines recommend folic acid supplementation (34). Clinicians should advise all women of reproductive age to take a multivitamin or otherwise increase their daily folic acid intake to 400 mg (17,29).
Chronic Conditions
Diabetes is an important area for intervention because it is associated with high risk for serious adverse pregnancy outcomes. The findings in this report documented an overall prevalence of self-reported prepregnancy diagnosed diabetes of 2.1% (CI = 1.9–2.4), which was similar to the 2004 estimate (1.8%; CI = 1.6–2.0) (8). Diabetes is a critical preconception health indicator for intervention because of the potential for severe adverse outcomes for the woman and future pregnancies, and availability of effective treatment (69). Women with diabetes before pregnancy have increased risk for pre-eclampsia, hypertension during pregnancy, cesarean delivery, and adverse birth outcomes such as spontaneous abortions, birth defects, preterm delivery, macrosomia, hypoglycemia, and fetal and infant death (19–21). Maternal diabetes also is associated with major congenital malformations, which are the leading cause of mortality and serious morbidity in infants of women diagnosed with diabetes (18). Evidence suggests that women diagnosed with diabetes who participate in preconception care to control their blood glucose before conception have markedly reduced rates of having infants with these malformations than women diagnosed with diabetes who do not participate in preconception care (18). The elements of preconception care that are needed to control blood glucose and minimize congenital malformations in women with diabetes include patient education about the interaction of diabetes, pregnancy, and family planning; diabetes self-management skills training; medical care and laboratory testing; and possibly mental health counseling for stress reduction and support for adherence to treatment.
Hypertension also is a prominent preconception indicator because of its potential for causing serious adverse pregnancy outcomes and its substantial prevalence among women of reproductive age. One in 10 nonpregnant women reported that they had ever been told that they have hypertension by a medical professional, and 3.0% indicated that they had hypertension during the 3 months before their most recent pregnancy. Hypertension before pregnancy poses serious risks to women if they become pregnant, including preeclampsia (23,70), placental abruption (22,23), and gestational diabetes (71–74). Women with hypertension also have an increased risk for adverse birth outcomes such as preterm delivery (23), infants that are small for gestational age (23), and infant death (22–24). Evidence suggests that a low-sodium diet can reduce blood pressure among persons with hypertension (30) and provider advice on lifestyle modifications can influence women's efforts to control their high blood pressure (31,75).
Health Care, Reproductive Health, and Family Planning
Women who do not receive needed preventive health services often do not have health insurance (76). The findings in this report indicate that one in four women with a recent live birth did not have health-care coverage during the month before pregnancy, which equates to approximately 500,000 U.S. women of reproductive age. Approximately 20% of women with a recent live birth reported receiving preconception counseling. In contrast, 88.2% of women received a postpartum checkup. The postpartum visit is an opportunity to provide evidence-based interconception care, particularly for women who had an adverse pregnancy outcome or whose last pregnancy was mistimed and to address chronic conditions that might have developed or been identified during pregnancy. Many women reported their most recent pregnancy was unintended (43%), yet more than half (53%) of those not trying to get pregnant were not using contraception at the time of conception.
Preventive health visits are opportunities to counsel patients who are not actively trying to get pregnant to use an effective contraception method that they are comfortable using and to address their health risk factors before pregnancy. The Affordable Care Act is designed to increase access to preventive health services by requiring new private health plans to cover a range of recommended preventive services with no cost sharing by the beneficiary, including preconception care during well-woman visits. Because the goals of preconception care are to optimize women's health before pregnancy, which includes contraceptive counseling, health-care access is integral to preconception health (77,78).
Disparities
The findings in this report indicate that preconception health and health-care indicators were worse for women in certain age and race/ethnicity groups. Compared with older women (35–44 years), young women (18–24 years) frequently had a higher prevalence of risk factors or lower prevalence of protective factors in the following domains: health care, reproductive health, tobacco and alcohol use, mental health, and emotional support. Older women tended to have poorer preconception health in the nutrition and physical activity and chronic conditions domains. All but one indicator (i.e., self-reported experience of miscarriage, fetal death, or stillbirth within 12 months before having a live-born infant) was statistically significantly different by race/ethnicity. Compared with women of other racial/ethnic groups, non-Hispanic black women generally had poorer preconception health in the following domains: social determinants of health, health care, reproductive health, nutrition and physical activity, mental health, emotional support, and chronic conditions. Non-Hispanic white women had poorer preconception health in four of six tobacco and alcohol use indicators. Hispanic women reported less health-care access than women of other racial/ethnic groups. These age and racial/ethnic disparities are consistent with past reports (8,12,13,79) and highlight the need for strategic efforts to address health disparities and health equity. For example, health-care access might be improved among young women by increasing their awareness of services available through adolescent wellness examinations and college clinics. Additionally, implementing targeted, culturally relevant programs that improve health-care access can reduce racial/ethnic disparities and narrow the racial/ethnic disparities in other preconception health risk factors. Future research could further explore the racial/ethnic differences reported by examining possible explanations and developing and evaluating strategies to address the disparities.
Preconception health also varied by state, with southern states (as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau)† generally having the highest prevalence of preconception health problems and risky behaviors. In contrast, Utah had the most favorable prevalences of nine preconception health indicators. These geographic variations might reflect differences in demographic distributions (e.g., age, race, and socioeconomic status), which also are associated with preconception health. Sociocultural norms also might contribute to higher prevalence of some risk factors in southern states, such as smoking and obesity. Expanded health-care access through the Affordable Care Act and efforts to increase access to preconception care through integrating components of preconception care into existing public health programs can improve disparities. Future research should seek to describe these geographical differences in a more detailed way and examine the reasons that they exist.
Limitations
The findings in this report are subject to at least four limitations. First, PRAMS and BRFSS data are self-reported and subject to social desirability bias and recall bias, which could lead to inaccurate estimates (80). Negative behaviors (e.g., smoking, drinking, or exposure to secondhand smoke, particularly before pregnancy) might be underestimated and positive behaviors (e.g., having a postpartum checkup or current use of contraception) might be overestimated. Because chronic conditions often are undiagnosed and contingent on use of health care, self-reported past diagnoses underestimate the actual prevalence, particularly for diabetes and hypertension. National estimates without these biases are available from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Second, these results are not generalizable. PRAMS data were not available for all states, and PRAMS only surveys women who delivered live births. Therefore, PRAMS data do not represent women who had miscarriages or stillbirths, which are women who might have poorer preconception health. The BRFSS response rate varies by state, and no minimum threshold was required for inclusion. Therefore, BRFSS estimates in states with low response rates might not be representative of all women aged 18–44 years in those states. Third, limitations exist with respect to how certain indicators were defined. For example, the denominator for women who had a previous fetal death, miscarriage, or stillbirth might exclude women whose past pregnancies did not result in a live birth. Although this denominator is not ideal for the indicator, only information on previous live births was available. Finally, newer PRAMS and BRFSS data exist. The findings in this report might not be suitable for comparison to findings from future surveys because of recent changes in BRFSS survey methods and wording of certain questions (e.g., fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity). Despite these limitations, PRAMS and BRFSS can be valuable surveillance systems for monitoring preconception health at the state level, and this report fulfills the CDC/ATSDR Preconception Care Work Group's recommendation for monitoring preconception health (35).
Conclusion
Public health, economic, and sociologic considerations are important when developing strategies to address the persistent disparities that were identified in the various preconception health indicators. Evidence-based public health interventions could improve the preconception health indicators with high prevalence, and those that increase the risk for serious adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes, by focusing on reducing tobacco and alcohol use, promoting good nutrition and physical activity, and addressing chronic conditions (52). In addition, evidence-based preconception health interventions should be cost-effective (e.g., tobacco cessation during pregnancy and folic acid supplementation) (17,29,81,82). Finally, rather than focusing on changing individual behaviors, interventions could focus on changing policies and systems so that social environments foster healthy lifestyles and promote health equity. For example, increasing the unit price of tobacco (83), using regulatory authority to limit alcohol outlet density (84), and implementing thoughtful land-use policies that support physical activity (85) have been shown to be effective interventions. However, research demonstrating the effectiveness of these strategies on reducing disparities is lacking. The results also reinforce the need for continued efforts to expand health-care coverage for nonpregnant women of reproductive age and improve their preconception health through evidence-based clinical interventions and public health programs. Expanded access to and use of preventive services can improve health outcomes overall and reduce disparities among disadvantaged groups.
The findings in this report can be used by public health decision makers, researchers, and key stakeholders to benchmark the status of preconception health among women of reproductive age, evaluate the effectiveness of current preconception health programs, and assess program development needs. Developing, testing, and evaluating interventions might highlight effective strategies that could be modified to improve preconception health. Feasibility research and randomized trials also can be used to identify new preconception health strategies. PRAMS and BRFSS surveillance data provide comprehensive information about the status of preconception health at the state level. Ongoing surveillance and research are needed to monitor the effect of improved coverage and access to health care on women's preconception health status and pregnancy outcomes.
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* Ten indicators were defined consistently in a previous summary of 2004 PRAMS data (8), providing opportunities to monitor changes in preconception health from 2004 to 2009 among women recently delivering a live-born infant in the 20 reporting areas that monitored those indicators in both years. However, because this summary used definitions recommended by the state work group (38), which occurred after the release of the previous summary, six indicators in this surveillance summary differ from the previous report (8). In addition, this report presented 23 new preconception health indicators that have not previously been summarized by age and race/ethnicity in a comprehensive report for all states with available data.
† The Southern states are designated by the U.S. Census Bureau and include Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, DC, Maryland, Louisiana, Arizona, Oklahoma, Texas, Tennessee, Kentucky, West Virginia, and Virginia.
BOX. Summary of preconception health domains
General health status and life satisfaction. Self-rated health
Social determinants of health. Education; poverty
Health care. Access to and use of health care; access to dental care; reproductive health care; content and quality of care
Reproductive health and family planning. Previous preterm birth; previous fetal death, miscarriage, or stillbirth; inter-pregnancy interval/birth spacing; pregnancy intention; contraception (access, availability, and use); use of assisted reproductive technology
Tobacco and alcohol use. Smoking; secondhand smoke exposure; alcohol consumption
Nutrition and physical activity. Fruit and vegetable consumption; obesity and overweight; folic acid supplementation; exercise/physical activity
Mental health. General mental distress; anxiety and depression; postpartum depression
Emotional and social support. Domestic abuse (physical and mental); adequacy of support
Source: Broussard DL, Sappenfield WB, Fussman C, Kroelinger CD, Grigorescu V. Core state preconception health indicators: a voluntary, multi-state selection process. Matern Child Health J 2011;15:158–68.
TABLE 1. Preconception health measures by domain, data source, and number of reporting areas — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, United States, 2009
Preconception health measure
Table no.
Data source
No. areas
General health status and life satisfaction
Reported good–very good or excellent health
2
BRFSS
51*
Social determinants of health
Reported having a high school education/GED or greater
3
BRFSS
51*
Health care
Reported currently having some type of health-care coverage
4
BRFSS
51*
Reported having had health-care coverage during the month before pregnancy
5
PRAMS
29†
Reported having had a routine checkup in the past year
6
BRFSS
51*
Reported having had a postpartum checkup§
7
PRAMS
16¶
Reported having had their teeth cleaned during the 12 months before pregnancy**
8
PRAMS
29†
Reported having had a Papanicolaou test within the past 3 years††
9
BRFSS
51*
Reported having received preconception counseling about healthy lifestyle behaviors and prevention strategies from a health-care provider before pregnancy on at least five of 11 healthy lifestyle behaviors and prevention strategies before pregnancy**
10
PRAMS
4§§
Reproductive health and family planning
Reported that their previous live birth was more than 3 weeks before the due date (among multiparous women)§
11
PRAMS
29†
Reported having had experienced a miscarriage–fetal death or stillbirth in the 12 months before getting pregnant with their most recent live born infant
12
PRAMS
2¶¶
Reported most recent pregnancy resulting in a live birth was unintended (unwanted or wanted later)
13
PRAMS
29†
Reported that they were not trying to get pregnant at the time of conception and neither they nor their husbands or partners were doing anything to keep from getting pregnant§
14
PRAMS
29†
Reported that they or their husbands or partners were currently doing something to keep from getting pregnant§
15
PRAMS
29†
Reported that they used fertility drugs or received any medical procedures from a doctor, nurse, or other health-care worker to help them get pregnant (among women who were trying to get pregnant at the time of conception)
16
PRAMS
8***
Tobacco and alcohol use
Reported that they currently smoke everyday or some days
17
BRFSS
51*
Reported that they smoked cigarettes during the 3 months before pregnancy§
18
PRAMS
29†
Reported that smoking is currently allowed in their home (current second hand smoke exposure)
19
PRAMS
29†
Reported that they participated in binge drinking on at least one occasion in the past month
20
BRFSS
51*
Reported that they drank any amount of alcohol during the 3 months before pregnancy§
21
PRAMS
29†
Reported that they participated in binge drinking during the 3 months before pregnancy
22
PRAMS
29†
Nutrition and physical activity
Reported that they consume fruits and vegetables at least five times per day
23
BRFSS
51*
Overweight: Body Mass Index (BMI) 25.0–29.9
24
BRFSS
51*
Overweight: percentage of women with a pre-pregnancy BMI 25.0–29.9**
25
PRAMS
29*
Obesity: percentage of women with a BMI =30
26
BRFSS
51†
Obesity: percentage of women with a pre-pregnancy BMI =30**
27
PRAMS
29†
Reported that they took a multivitamin–prenatal vitamin–or a folic acid supplement everyday of the month before pregnancy**
28
PRAMS
29†
Reported that they participate in enough moderate and/or vigorous physical activity in a usual week to meet the recommended levels of physical activity
29
BRFSS
51*
TABLE 1. (Continued) Preconception health measures by domain, data source, and number of reporting areas — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, United States,
Preconception health measure
Table no.
Data source
No. areas
Mental health
Reported that their mental health was not good for at least 14 out of the past 30 days
30
BRFSS
51*
Reported that they visited a health-care provider to be checked or treated for anxiety or depression during the 12 months before pregnancy
31
PRAMS
29†
Reported that they experienced depression symptoms after pregnancy
32
PRAMS
29†
Emotional and social support
Reported that they were physically abused by their partner during the 12 months before pregnancy§
33
PRAMS
29†
Reported that they always or usually get adequate social and emotional support they need
34
BRFSS
51*
Reported that they had =3 of 5 types of social support available to them after delivering their baby§
35
PRAMS
2†††
Chronic conditions
Reported that they had ever been told by a health-care provider that they had diabetes (not including gestational diabetes)
36
BRFSS
51*
Reported that before their most recent pregnancy they had ever been told by a health-care provider that they had Type I or Type II diabetes§
37
PRAMS
29†
Reported that they had ever been told by a health-care provider that they had hypertension (not including hypertension during pregnancy)
38
BRFSS
51*
Reported that they had hypertension during the 3 months before their most recent pregnancy§
39
PRAMS
10§§§
Reported that they currently have asthma
40
BRFSS
51*
Infections
Reported that they received an influenza vaccination within the past year
41
BRFSS
51*
Abbreviation: GED = general equivalency diploma.
* Includes 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia.
† Alaska, Arkansas, Colorado, Delaware, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
§ Previously reported in CDC. Preconception and interconception health status of women who recently gave birth to a live-born infant — Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS), United States, 26 reporting areas, 2004. MMWR 2007;56:(No. SS-10).
¶ Arkansas, Georgia, Hawaii, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, New Jersey, Ohio, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Washington, West Virginia, and Wisconsin.
** The definition of this preconception health indicator changed from the last surveillance summary.
†† Papanicolaou test data represents 2008 data.
§§ Maryland, Michigan, New Jersey, and Ohio.
¶¶ Delaware and Wisconsin.
*** Delaware, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska, and Utah.
††† Oklahoma and Rhode Island.
§§§ Delaware, Hawaii, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Utah, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.
TABLE 2. Estimated prevalence of women aged 18–44 years who reported that their general health status was good, very good, or excellent overall and by age group and race/ethnicity — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2009
State
Total
Age group (yrs)
Race/Ethnicity*
18–24
25–34
35–44
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
%†
CI§
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
Alabama
87.2
(84.5–89.4)
93.4
(88.1–96.4)
89.4
(85.3–92.5)
82.9
(78.2–86.7)
89.6
(86.1–92.4)
81.7
(76.7–85.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Alaska
90.4
(84.2–94.4)
83.2
(61.3–94.0)
93.8
(85.7–97.4)
91.9
(85.9–95.4)
93.9
(89.2–96.7)
NR
NR
81.8
(60.8–92.8)
NR
NR
Arizona
90.1
(86.9–92.7)
99.7¶
(98.1– 100)
89.8
(84.2–93.6)
86.5
(81.1–90.6)
94.0
(90.4–96.3)
NR
NR
88.1
(78.1–93.9)
83.5
(75.1–89.5)
Arkansas
86.1
(81.7–89.5)
85.2¶
(70.6–93.3)
87.1
(79.6–92.0)
85.5
(80.4–89.5)
87.7
(83.2–91.2)
82.7
(71.6–90.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
California
85.2
(83.5–86.7)
90.4
(86.0–93.5)
87.8
(85.3–89.9)
79.0
(76.3–81.4)
93.3
(91.3–94.9)
90.2
(82.7–94.6)
93.4
(89.1–96.1)
76.8
(73.8–79.5)
Colorado
90.5
(88.6–92.2)
91.4
(85.2–95.1)
90.7
(87.3–93.3)
89.9
(87.4–91.9)
94.7
(93.0–95.9)
NR
NR
89.5
(77.6–95.4)
78.2
(72.0–83.4)
Connecticut
93.1
(90.5–95.0)
91.9
(81.8–96.6)
95.6
(91.6–97.7)
91.9
(88.5–94.4)
94.0
(91.0–96.1)
94.9
(86.4–98.2)
84.3
(66.5–93.6)
91.3
(84.1–95.4)
Delaware
94.6
(91.6–96.5)
93.2
(81.3–97.8)
95.6
(91.4–97.8)
94.6
(91.6–96.5)
95.5
(91.9–97.5)
94.0
(88.1–97.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
D.C.
94.5
(92.3–96.1)
NR
NR
96.8
(93.6–98.4)
89.1
(84.2–92.7)
97.8
(95.4–98.9)
91.4
(86.8–94.5)
98.9¶
(95.5–99.7)
NR
NR
Florida
87.6
(84.5–90.2)
75.9
(59.8–86.9)
88.3
(83.3–92.0)
89.6
(86.1–92.4)
90.7
(87.5–93.1)
88.8
(80.8–93.7)
64.4
(44.8–80.2)
85.6
(76.8–91.4)
Georgia
92.3
(90.1–94.1)
92.2
(83.6–96.5)
93.4
(89.4–96.0)
91.0
(88.0–93.3)
96.1
(94.0–97.5)
87.2
(81.5–91.3)
96.8¶
(91.5–98.8)
83.8¶
(71.3–91.5)
Hawaii
89.7
(86.4–92.2)
86.1
(75.6–92.5)
91.8
(86.0–95.3)
90.1
(86.6–92.7)
98.0
(95.7–99.0)
NR
NR
89.8
(86.1–92.5)
75.6
(59.0–87.0)
Idaho
88.4
(85.4–90.9)
88.6
(78.2–94.4)
91.0
(86.1–94.3)
85.3
(81.0–88.8)
90.2
(87.1–92.7)
NR
NR
NR
NR
75.7
(62.8–85.2)
Illinois
88.5
(85.5–91.0)
87.1
(78.5–92.5)
89.4
(84.3–93.0)
88.6
(84.5–91.8)
92.4
(89.6–94.6)
79.3
(68.0–87.3)
90.0¶
(77.8–95.8)
81.5
(70.2–89.3)
Indiana
89.0
(86.6–91.0)
92.2
(84.8–96.2)
88.1
(84.2–91.2)
87.6
(84.4–90.2)
90.1
(87.5–92.3)
78.2
(68.5–85.5)
NR
NR
90.3
(79.2–95.7)
Iowa
93.6
(91.2–95.3)
94.3
(86.1–97.8)
93.3
(89.7–95.8)
93.3
(90.4–95.3)
94.4
(91.9–96.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Kansas
92.3
(90.9–93.5)
92.0
(87.5–95.0)
92.5
(90.5–94.2)
92.3
(90.7–93.6)
94.3
(93.0–95.4)
80.7
(70.2–88.1)
88.2
(78.0–94.0)
81.5
(73.5–87.4)
Kentucky
85.2
(82.2–87.7)
90.8
(83.8–95.0)
86.0
(80.8–90.0)
82.2
(77.8–85.9)
85.2
(82.0–87.9)
92.9
(85.8–96.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Louisiana
87.4
(85.3–89.3)
90.7
(84.9–94.5)
92.3
(89.4–94.4)
81.9
(78.2–85.0)
89.5
(87.0–91.6)
82.7
(78.0–86.5)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maine
91.9
(89.8–93.5)
94.4
(88.4–97.4)
90.9
(86.7–93.8)
91.1
(88.5–93.2)
91.9
(89.8–93.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maryland
90.5
(88.1–92.5)
92.4
(83.2–96.7)
90.3
(86.6–93.1)
89.7
(86.5–92.2)
93.6
(91.6–95.2)
86.8
(81.6–90.7)
91.3
(79.2–96.6)
83.4
(65.8–92.9)
Massachusetts
92.6
(91.1–93.9)
96.7
(93.0–98.5)
91.2
(88.0–93.6)
91.2
(89.1–93.0)
95.1
(93.7–96.2)
89.0
(80.8–94.0)
88.0
(77.9–93.9)
80.8
(73.4–86.5)
Michigan
90.5
(88.3–92.4)
91.7
(85.4–95.4)
89.8
(85.6–92.9)
90.4
(87.5–92.7)
92.3
(89.9–94.2)
83.7
(76.0–89.2)
94.6
(84.4–98.3)
NR
NR
Minnesota
93.8
(91.5–95.6)
95.0
(86.1–98.3)
93.4
(89.4–96.0)
93.4
(90.6–95.4)
94.5
(92.5–96.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Mississippi
86.3
(83.9–88.3)
91.1
(85.3–94.7)
87.6
(83.7–90.6)
81.9
(78.3–85.0)
90.5
(87.8–92.7)
80.7
(76.5–84.4)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Missouri
91.2
(88.2–93.4)
97.4
(89.2–99.4)
88.7
(82.7–92.8)
90.4
(86.3–93.3)
92.9
(89.9–95.1)
88.0
(77.8–93.9)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Montana
87.3
(82.5–90.9)
83.2
(65.4–92.9)
88.2
(83.0–91.9)
89.3
(85.2–92.3)
90.6
(87.2–93.1)
NR
NR
79.0
(64.5–88.6)
NR
NR
Nebraska
93.3
(91.2–94.9)
97.9
(95.6–99.0)
92.0
(87.9–94.8)
92.5
(89.2–94.8)
94.6
(92.5–96.1)
NR
NR
94.3
(84.8–98.0)
79.4
(64.7–89.1)
Nevada
89.9
(86.1–92.8)
89.9¶
(77.2–95.9)
92.4
(85.9–96.1)
87.3
(81.0–91.7)
93.1
(89.0–95.7)
NR
NR
96.4¶
(90.5–98.7)
79.7
(67.6–88.1)
New Hampshire
91.7
(88.4–94.1)
85.1
(68.9–93.6)
95.6
(92.5–97.4)
91.4
(88.2–93.8)
92.6
(90.1–94.5)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
New Jersey
89.6
(87.1–91.6)
89.3
(79.5–94.8)
87.8
(84.1–90.7)
91.1
(88.8–93.0)
94.2
(90.8–96.4)
86.9
(80.7–91.3)
88.8
(76.0–95.2)
80.0
(73.8–85.0)
New Mexico
87.1
(84.5–89.3)
91.8
(85.1–95.7)
87.2
(82.6–90.7)
83.6
(79.9–86.8)
92.1
(88.5–94.7)
NR
NR
83.9
(74.1–90.5)
85.0
(81.2–88.2)
New York
89.8
(87.2–92.0)
89.5
(81.7–94.2)
90.4
(86.3–93.3)
89.6
(85.9–92.4)
92.5
(89.8–94.5)
89.1
(81.3–93.8)
92.0
(82.1–96.6)
81.2
(72.2–87.8)
North Carolina
86.0
(82.9–88.6)
84.7
(73.3–91.8)
87.3
(83.6–90.3)
85.7
(81.9–88.7)
90.0
(87.4–92.2)
79.7
(69.5–87.1)
90.9
(82.4–95.5)
69.8
(56.1–80.6)
North Dakota
94.9
(92.6–96.5)
98.5
(90.1–99.8)
93.8
(89.1–96.5)
92.1
(88.1–94.8)
96.8
(95.1–97.9)
NR
NR
83.2¶
(69.8–91.3)
NR
NR
Ohio
89.0
(86.4–91.2)
91.0
(83.5–95.2)
86.6
(81.5–90.5)
90.8
(88.0–93.0)
89.2
(86.2–91.6)
88.3
(79.8–93.5)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Oklahoma
86.3
(83.8–88.5)
86.1
(78.5–91.4)
85.2
(80.7–88.8)
87.7
(84.6–90.3)
86.9
(83.7–89.6)
85.3
(77.2–90.9)
86.2
(79.5–91.0)
82.5
(72.9–89.2)
Oregon
92.3
(89.3–94.5)
NR
NR
91.0
(85.0–94.8)
90.2
(85.5–93.5)
92.1
(88.6–94.6)
NR
NR
94.4
(83.1–98.3)
NR
NR
Pennsylvania
89.1
(86.5–91.3)
90.2
(83.1–94.5)
89.6
(84.9–92.9)
88.0
(84.4–90.9)
90.4
(87.7–92.5)
77.6
(62.9–87.6)
NR
NR
86.9¶
(72.3–94.4)
Rhode Island
91.7
(89.3–93.7)
95.0
(87.1–98.2)
90.3
(85.5–93.6)
90.6
(87.7–92.8)
93.8
(91.1–95.7)
84.9¶
(67.1–94.0)
NR
NR
81.4
(71.9–88.2)
South Carolina
90.0
(87.3–92.3)
91.0
(79.2–96.4)
91.9
(87.8–94.7)
88.1
(84.0–91.3)
91.1
(87.4–93.8)
91.1
(87.4–93.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
South Dakota
92.5
(89.2–94.8)
89.2
(77.5–95.2)
95.5
(91.8–97.5)
92.2
(88.8–94.6)
93.3
(89.5–95.9)
NR
NR
85.3
(76.5–91.2)
NR
NR
Tennessee
87.1
(84.2–89.6)
96.2
(89.5–98.7)
89.7
(85.2–93.0)
83.8
(79.3–87.5)
87.1
(83.8–89.9)
85.1
(77.1–90.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Texas
87.7
(85.5–89.6)
88.8
(81.2–93.6)
89.8
(86.4–92.5)
85.3
(82.0–88.1)
90.9
(88.0–93.2)
84.6
(76.2–90.4)
89.1
(75.2–95.6)
84.9
(80.9–88.2)
Utah
92.6
(91.0–93.9)
95.7
(91.3–97.9)
92.2
(89.7–94.1)
90.1
(87.6–92.1)
94.6
(93.1–95.7)
NR
NR
85.7
(70.3–93.8)
77.5
(69.4–84.0)
Vermont
92.7
(90.2–94.5)
94.4
(85.5–98.0)
92.1
(87.6–95.1)
91.9
(89.2–94.0)
92.7
(90.1–94.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Virginia
88.9
(84.7–92.1)
93.6¶
(76.4–98.5)
86.1
(79.1–91.0)
88.3
(82.5–92.3)
93.9
(90.5–96.2)
83.8
(67.5–92.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Washington
89.0
(87.5–90.4)
92.6
(88.3–95.4)
89.1
(86.6–91.2)
86.7
(84.5–88.7)
90.8
(89.2–92.2)
NR
NR
88.9
(82.8–93.0)
79.0
(73.4–83.8)
West Virginia
84.5
(81.5–87.1)
88.9
(81.1–93.8)
82.3
(77.1–86.5)
83.7
(79.2–87.4)
85.1
(82.0–87.7)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wisconsin
91.7
(88.4–94.1)
95.2
(87.0–98.3)
91.8
(84.4–95.9)
89.3
(84.8–92.6)
92.0
(88.3–94.6)
85.6
(67.9–94.4)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wyoming
91.4
(88.9–93.3)
96.2
(88.6–98.8)
90.9
(86.6–93.9)
88.3
(84.4–91.3)
92.6
(90.1–94.5)
NR
NR
NR
NR
88.3
(78.1–94.1)
Total**
88.9
(88.4–89.3)
90.7
(89.3–91.8)
89.5
(88.8–90.2)
87.3
(86.6–87.9)
91.8
(91.4–92.2)
85.5
(83.8–87.0)
88.9
(86.9–90.6)
80.9
(79.2–82.4)
Median
90.0
91.8
90.4
89.6
92.6
85.5
89.0
81.4
Minimum
84.5
75.9
82.3
79.0
85.1
77.6
64.4
69.8
Maximum
94.9
99.7
96.8
94.6
98.0
94.9
98.9
91.3
Abbreviation: NR = not reported (if <50 respondents).
* White = non-Hispanic white; Black = non-Hispanic black; Other = non-Hispanic other.
† Percentages and their associated confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for complex survey design and nonresponse.
§ 95% confidence interval.
¶ Represents 50–59 respondents; might not be reliable.
** Chi-square p-value significant at p<0.05 for age group and race/ethnicity.
TABLE 3. Estimated prevalence of women aged 18–44 years with a high school/GED or greater education, overall and by age group and race/ethnicity — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2009
State
Total
Age group (yrs)
Race/Ethnicity*
18–24
25–34
35–44
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
%†
CI§
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
Alabama
90.6
(88.0–92.7)
81.8
(72.4–88.4)
93.3
(89.7–95.6)
91.3
(87.0–94.3)
90.8
(87.1–93.5)
91.0
(87.3–93.7)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Alaska
94.8
(91.7–96.8)
88.9
(78.6–94.6)
95.1
(88.9–98.0)
98.3
(96.2–99.2)
96.5
(92.1–98.5)
NR
NR
91.3
(85.0–95.1)
NR
NR
Arizona
91.4
(88.3–93.8)
95.9¶
(89.6–98.5)
92.2
(86.9–95.5)
88.7
(83.3–92.6)
96.1
(93.0–97.8)
NR
NR
88.3
(75.1–95.0)
83.2
(74.7–89.3)
Arkansas
91.9
(87.9–94.7)
82.6¶
(66.7–91.8)
95.9
(91.7–98.0)
93.3
(89.4–95.8)
93.1
(89.0–95.7)
97.6
(91.5–99.4)
NR
NR
NR
NR
California
79.4
(77.5–81.2)
87.9
(83.5–91.2)
77.2
(74.0–80.1)
75.4
(72.6–78.0)
96.8
(94.9–98.0)
92.8
(77.1–98.0)
96.7
(93.3–98.4)
61.4
(58.0–64.6)
Colorado
90.2
(88.0–92.0)
85.3
(77.6–90.6)
91.1
(88.0–93.5)
92.2
(89.8–94.1)
95.0
(92.7–96.7)
NR
NR
96.3
(90.3–98.7)
74.2
(68.0–79.6)
Connecticut
96.0
(93.7–97.5)
92.0
(81.8–96.7)
95.9
(92.2–97.9)
98.1
(96.3–99.0)
97.9
(95.0–99.1)
96.4
(81.9–99.4)
96.7
(90.9–98.8)
83.4
(71.6–90.9)
Delaware
93.4
(89.5–95.9)
85.7
(72.0–93.3)
97.2
(94.5–98.6)
95.2
(91.0–97.5)
94.1
(89.4–96.8)
97.4
(94.5–98.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
D.C.
94.5
(91.9–96.3)
NR
NR
93.9
(89.8–96.5)
97.0
(94.6–98.4)
98.4
(94.8–99.5)
89.6
(84.3–93.3)
100¶
—**
NR
NR
Florida
92.5
(89.9–94.5)
80.3
(64.4–90.1)
92.0
(87.8–94.9)
95.3
(92.9–96.9)
95.0
(92.5–96.7)
92.4
(85.7–96.1)
99.7
(97.8– 100)
84.8
(75.5–90.9)
Georgia
91.8
(89.0–93.9)
89.6
(78.9–95.2)
90.6
(85.4–94.1)
93.8
(90.8–95.8)
95.5
(93.2–97.1)
92.7
(87.8–95.7)
97.3¶
(89.8–99.3)
61.6¶
(44.0–76.6)
Hawaii
96.0
(93.8–97.4)
91.2
(82.7–95.8)
98.0
(95.9–99.1)
97.1
(95.1–98.3)
98.6
(95.5–99.5)
NR
NR
96.9
(94.4–98.3)
85.5
(72.7–92.9)
Idaho
90.1
(87.0–92.5)
84.5
(72.8–91.7)
88.9
(84.1–92.4)
94.7
(92.1–96.4)
93.8
(90.6–96.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
58.8
(45.5–70.9)
Illinois
94.4
(92.2–96.0)
93.9
(86.9–97.3)
95.1
(91.8–97.1)
94.0
(90.6–96.3)
96.1
(93.3–97.8)
93.9
(87.6–97.1)
91.2¶
(78.2–96.8)
89.8
(82.0–94.5)
Indiana
90.1
(87.1–92.4)
82.7
(73.3–89.3)
90.6
(86.1–93.8)
94.5
(91.8–96.3)
91.9
(88.6–94.3)
89.9
(82.8–94.3)
NR
NR
68.1
(53.1–80.1)
Iowa
93.1
(90.0–95.2)
85.1
(74.9–91.6)
94.6
(91.1–96.8)
97.6
(95.3–98.8)
94.6
(91.5–96.7)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Kansas
94.0
(92.7–95.1)
92.5
(88.0–95.4)
94.0
(92.1–95.5)
95.0
(93.7–96.1)
95.5
(94.1–96.6)
88.2
(77.0–94.3)
95.4
(87.6–98.4)
79.9
(73.3–85.3)
Kentucky
91.4
(88.3–93.7)
79.7
(64.8–89.3)
93.8
(90.5–96.0)
93.5
(90.2–95.7)
91.4
(88.0–93.9)
94.7
(87.3–97.9)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Louisiana
90.6
(88.6–92.3)
85.0
(78.0–90.1)
91.3
(87.9–93.8)
92.3
(89.7–94.3)
93.8
(91.6–95.4)
84.7
(80.1–88.4)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maine
95.8
(93.7–97.2)
89.8
(81.7–94.6)
96.9
(94.2–98.3)
98.4
(96.9–99.2)
95.8
(93.5–97.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maryland
93.9
(91.4–95.7)
88.8
(79.3–94.3)
94.7
(90.9–96.9)
96.1
(93.9–97.5)
96.9
(94.3–98.3)
92.1
(86.1–95.7)
97.5
(84.1–99.6)
78.7
(63.3–88.8)
Massachusetts
93.8
(92.0–95.2)
90.4
(84.1–94.4)
93.9
(91.1–95.9)
95.8
(94.3–96.8)
96.9
(94.9–98.1)
91.0
(84.1–95.1)
92.2
(85.4–96.0)
76.0
(67.7–82.7)
Michigan
95.3
(93.3–96.7)
91.9
(84.9–95.8)
96.2
(93.1–97.9)
96.6
(94.5–98.0)
97.3
(95.7–98.2)
92.8
(88.0–95.8)
88.0
(67.0–96.4)
NR
NR
Minnesota
96.4
(93.9–97.9)
92.1
(83.7–96.4)
96.5
(92.6–98.4)
99.2
(97.0–99.8)
96.5
(93.8–98.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Mississippi
88.7
(86.1–90.8)
85.7
(77.0–91.5)
89.3
(85.4–92.2)
89.6
(86.3–92.1)
91.3
(87.7–93.9)
85.3
(81.0–88.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Missouri
90.6
(86.9–93.3)
80.6
(66.2–89.8)
92.2
(87.2–95.3)
94.4
(91.1–96.5)
91.4
(87.3–94.3)
89.2
(80.1–94.4)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Montana
92.8
(90.0–94.9)
88.7
(79.1–94.1)
94.8
(90.8–97.1)
93.7
(90.2–96.1)
94.8
(92.1–96.7)
NR
NR
75.9
(60.6–86.5)
NR
NR
Nebraska
90.9
(87.6–93.5)
83.3
(72.7–90.4)
90.8
(84.5–94.7)
94.8
(91.4–96.9)
94.1
(90.5–96.4)
NR
NR
94.9
(84.5–98.5)
53.1
(36.6–68.9)
Nevada
90.7
(86.0–93.9)
78.1¶
(61.2–89.0)
94.6
(88.2–97.6)
92.0
(84.6–96.0)
93.1
(87.1–96.4)
NR
NR
98.0¶
(87.1–99.7)
81.4
(68.6–89.8)
New Hampshire
96.6
(94.5–97.9)
95.4
(85.5–98.7)
96.2
(92.5–98.2)
97.4
(95.1–98.6)
96.7
(94.5–98.0
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
New Jersey
93.3
(91.2–94.9)
89.8
(81.7–94.6)
93.5
(90.9–95.4)
95.0
(92.9–96.5)
97.2
(94.7–98.5)
97.2
(94.4–98.6)
94.7
(79.0–98.9)
78.3
(71.5–83.8)
New Mexico
88.8
(86.1–91.0)
87.9
(80.0–93.0)
88.6
(84.1–92.0)
89.5
(86.2–92.1)
95.7
(91.7–97.8)
NR
NR
87.3
(79.1–92.5)
84.1
(79.7–87.7)
New York
89.0
(85.7–91.6)
81.4
(71.0–88.6)
91.6
(87.8–94.3)
91.7
(87.3–94.7)
93.6
(90.5–95.8)
85.6
(75.0–92.2)
89.0
(69.7–96.6)
81.1
(71.4–88.1)
North Carolina
88.9
(86.1–91.3)
82.9
(73.2–89.5)
88.3
(84.3–91.4)
93.0
(89.9–95.2)
92.3
(88.4–94.9)
91.3
(85.6–94.9)
90.1
(81.2–95.0)
59.6
(47.6–70.5)
North Dakota
89.8
(84.9–93.2)
77.1
(64.8–86.0)
96.2
(92.4–98.2)
96.8
(93.5–98.5)
91.8
(86.6–95.1)
NR
NR
86.7¶
(69.6–94.9)
NR
NR
Ohio
93.7
(91.7–95.2)
85.2
(76.4–91.1)
95.9
(93.4–97.5)
94.7
(92.4–96.4)
94.3
(92.2–95.8)
93.8
(88.0–96.9)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Oklahoma
87.2
(84.8–89.2)
84.5
(76.5–90.1)
86.8
(83.1–89.8)
88.9
(85.6–91.5)
91.1
(88.5–93.2)
90.6
(81.5–95.5)
88.1
(81.6–92.5)
54.5
(44.4–64.3)
Oregon
93.3
(89.8–95.6)
NR
NR
93.3
(88.2–96.3)
94.5
(89.8–97.1)
94.6
(90.4–97.0)
NR
NR
94.8
(86.1–98.2)
NR
NR
Pennsylvania
93.7
(91.5–95.3)
90.3
(83.7–94.4)
95.5
(92.5–97.3)
94.6
(91.5–96.6)
94.7
(92.4–96.3)
90.8
(78.8–96.3)
NR
NR
87.3¶
(72.2–94.7)
Rhode Island
94.2
(92.4–95.6)
96.9
(90.7–99.0)
93.5
(90.5–95.6)
92.8
(90.1–94.9)
96.0
(93.9–97.4)
90.7¶
(78.7–96.3)
NR
NR
83.1
(75.5–88.7)
South Carolina
90.8
(88.2–92.9)
80.6
(69.4–88.4)
94.1
(91.1–96.2)
91.8
(88.2–94.4)
92.3
(89.0–94.7)
88.4
(83.8–91.9)
NR
NR
NR
NR
South Dakota
91.3
(87.7–93.9)
80.9
(69.4–88.7)
95.9
(92.9–97.7)
94.8
(91.7–96.7)
93.8
(89.6–96.3)
NR
NR
75.9
(65.9–83.7)
NR
NR
Tennessee
90.7
(87.9–92.9)
88.6
(75.8–95.0)
92.8
(87.9–95.8)
89.8
(85.8–92.7)
90.2
(87.0–92.7)
90.8
(82.1–95.4)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Texas
83.0
(80.2–85.4)
87.4
(80.0–92.3)
80.8
(76.1–84.8)
83.2
(79.1–86.6)
96.1
(93.2–97.8)
89.3
(81.8–94.0)
90.4
(76.8–96.4)
66.5
(61.3–71.3)
Utah
93.5
(91.3–95.1)
90.0
(83.1–94.3)
94.1
(91.8–95.7)
96.0
(94.3–97.1)
95.3
(92.8–96.9)
NR
NR
95.5
(88.3–98.4)
75.9
(68.2–82.3)
Vermont
97.2
(95.5–98.3)
95.8
(89.1–98.4)
98.0
(95.5–99.1)
97.6
(95.8–98.6)
97.5
(95.8–98.5)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Virginia
92.1
(88.6–94.6)
92.9¶
(84.4–96.9)
92.4
(86.8–95.7)
91.3
(84.9–95.2)
94.8
(91.6–96.8)
94.6
(85.4–98.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Washington
89.2
(87.6–90.7)
85.6
(80.3–89.7)
87.9
(85.2–90.1)
92.7
(91.0–94.0)
94.8
(93.3–96.0)
NR
NR
92.2
(84.1–96.4)
56.7
(50.2–63.0)
West Virginia
89.9
(87.0–92.3)
85.7
(76.0–92.0)
91.0
(86.7–93.9)
91.7
(88.2–94.3)
89.5
(86.4–92.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wisconsin
91.2
(86.3–94.5)
82.3
(67.0–91.4)
91.9
(84.1–96.0)
96.6
(91.5–98.7)
93.6
(88.6–96.5)
90.8
(74.3–97.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wyoming
92.5
(88.8–95.0)
84.7
(72.1–92.2)
94.5
(91.2–96.6)
96.2
(92.5–98.1)
93.6
(89.3–96.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
80.2
(66.0–89.4)
Total††
89.7
(89.2–90.2)
87.2
(85.8–88.5)
89.9
(89.2–90.6)
90.9
(90.2–91.5)
94.7
(94.2–95.1)
91.1
(89.7–92.3)
92.9
(91.0–94.4)
70.9
(69.0–72.7)
Median
91.9
85.7
93.8
94.5
94.8
91.0
93.5
78.5
Minimum
79.4
77.1
77.2
75.4
89.5
84.7
75.9
53.1
Maximum
97.2
96.9
98.0
99.2
98.6
97.6
100
89.8
Abbreviations: NR = not reported (if <50 respondents); GED = general equivalency diploma.
* White = non-Hispanic white; Black = non-Hispanic black; Other = non-Hispanic other.
† Percentages and their associated confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for complex survey design and nonresponse.
§ 95% confidence interval.
¶ Represents 50–59 respondents; might not be reliable.
** Undefined.
†† Chi-square p-value significant at p<0.05 for age group and race/ethnicity.
TABLE 4. Estimated prevalence of women aged 18–44 years who currently have health-care coverage, overall and by age group and race/ethnicity — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2009
State
Total
Age group (yrs)
Race/Ethnicity*
18–24
25–34
35–44
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
%†
CI§
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
Alabama
78.3
(74.9–81.4)
64.8
(53.7–74.6)
74.5
(68.7–79.6)
86.4
(82.5–89.6)
83.7
(79.6–87.1)
68.7
(62.2–74.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Alaska
78.9
(71.8–84.6)
68.4
(48.4–83.3)
80.0
(68.3–88.2)
84.4
(77.5–89.5)
79.1
(70.2–85.8)
NR
NR
74.9
(58.1–86.5)
NR
NR
Arizona
77.4
(70.1–83.4)
51.8¶
(27.3–75.5)
80.5
(73.1–86.3)
84.8
(79.2–89.1)
84.7
(73.7–91.6)
NR
NR
82.0
(67.2–91.0)
62.2
(49.0–73.8)
Arkansas
68.5
(62.7–73.7)
64.7¶
(48.0–78.4)
64.8
(55.1–73.3)
74.5
(68.2–79.9)
70.5
(64.2–76.2)
68.5
(55.2–79.4)
NR
NR
NR
NR
California
77.4
(75.3–79.5)
75.9
(69.9–81.0)
75.4
(72.2–78.4)
80.4
(77.8–82.8)
89.3
(86.7–91.5)
82.4
(67.7–91.2)
86.8
(78.4–92.2)
66
(62.6–69.3)
Colorado
78.2
(75.3–80.8)
72.5
(63.4–80.0)
75.8
(71.4–79.7)
83.5
(80.2–86.4)
86.6
(83.7–89.0)
NR
NR
86.7
(74.2–93.7)
50.2
(43.3–57.1)
Connecticut
89.2
(85.4–92.1)
77.6
(63.6–87.3)
88.1
(81.8–92.4)
95.5
(92.9–97.1)
94.8
(91.2–96.9)
69.3
(43.9–86.7)
73.9
(56.8–85.9)
72.8
(59.3–83.1)
Delaware
92.3
(89.1–94.7)
89.2
(77.9–95.1)
91.6
(87.2–94.5)
95.1
(91.1–97.4)
95.0
(92.4–96.7)
89.9
(77.4–95.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
D.C.
94.8
(92.5–96.5)
NR
NR
97.4
(94.0–98.9)
91.3
(86.8–94.4)
99.1
(97.5–99.7)
90.0
(84.9–93.5)
96.5¶
(88.4–99.0)
NR
NR
Florida
75.4
(71.3–79.1)
44.5
(31.6–58.2)
78.9
(72.4–84.3)
79.6
(74.4–84.0)
80.3
(75.7–84.3)
77.4
(66.4–85.6)
82.9
(68.1–91.6)
60.0
(48.9–70.2)
Georgia
76.8
(72.9–80.2)
63.5
(49.9–75.2)
74.2
(67.8–79.7)
84.0
(80.2–87.2)
82.4
(78.0–86.1)
75.3
(68.4–81.2)
68.2¶
(49.6–82.3)
54.5¶
(37.8–70.3)
Hawaii
90.3
(86.4–93.2)
76.4
(63.9–85.6)
94.3
(89.6–96.9)
95.3
(92.4–97.2)
90.7
(84.2–94.7)
NR
NR
90.1
(85.1–93.6)
89.4
(72.3–96.5)
Idaho
73.4
(69.4–77.1)
66.4
(53.9–77.0)
70.2
(63.7–75.9)
81.1
(76.8–84.9)
76.8
(72.5–80.5)
NR
NR
NR
NR
42.0
(30.0–55.1)
Illinois
86.5
(83.2–89.3)
79.9
(69.5–87.4)
89.3
(84.8–92.6)
88.4
(84.4–91.6)
90.4
(87.2–92.9)
84.9
(73.8–91.9)
84.4¶
(70.6–92.4)
74.6
(62.1–84.1)
Indiana
79.0
(75.8–81.9)
78.2
(68.8–85.4)
73.5
(68.2–78.3)
84.5
(81.1–87.4)
81.2
(77.6–84.3)
74.4
(62.9–83.2)
NR
NR
62.2
(47.8–74.8)
Iowa
88.0
(84.8–90.6)
85.1
(74.4–91.8)
86.0
(81.3–89.7)
91.8
(88.5–94.3)
91.1
(88.2–93.3)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Kansas
82.2
(80.2–84.1)
78.3
(72.1–83.5)
79.5
(76.5–82.3)
87.4
(85.5–89.2)
85.4
(83.3–87.3)
69.5
(58.0–79.0)
78.0
(66.5–86.4)
59.7
(51.0–67.8)
Kentucky
81.1
(77.9–83.9)
71.7
(60.2–80.9)
80.7
(75.3–85.1)
85.1
(81.3–88.3)
81.5
(78.1–84.4)
80.0
(58.9–91.7)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Louisiana
75.4
(72.6–78.0)
69.1
(60.8–76.3)
73.2
(68.2–77.6)
79.9
(76.2–83.1)
79.5
(76.1–82.6)
68.5
(62.9–73.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maine
87.4
(84.5–89.8)
83.8
(74.5–90.2)
84.6
(79.3–88.7)
91.5
(88.9–93.5)
87.7
(84.8–90.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maryland
86.8
(84.0–89.2)
82.4
(72.7–89.1)
86.3
(81.7–89.8)
89.7
(86.8–92.1)
90.3
(87.5–92.6)
85.3
(78.8–90.1)
91.0
(82.1–95.7)
66.3
(50.7–78.9)
Massachusetts
94.7
(93.1–96.0)
92.2
(86.8–95.5)
94.4
(91.5–96.4)
96.5
(94.9–97.6)
96.5
(94.7–97.7)
90.0
(82.8–94.3)
95.9
(90.8–98.2)
85.1
(77.0–90.7)
Michigan
84.9
(82.0–87.3)
76.9
(68.2–83.8)
86.1
(81.5–89.7)
88.6
(85.6–91.0)
86.1
(83.1–88.7)
82.7
(74.4–88.7)
87.0
(66.6–95.8)
NR
NR
Minnesota
90.5
(87.0–93.1)
85.6
(73.5–92.7)
91.7
(87.2–94.7)
92.8
(89.8–95.0)
91.7
(88.3–94.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Mississippi
75.5
(72.5–78.3)
71.5
(62.3–79.2)
74.4
(69.7–78.6)
79.2
(75.7–82.2)
80.6
(76.8–83.9)
69.6
(64.6–74.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Missouri
83.2
(78.9–86.8)
80.4
(65.7–89.8)
79.3
(72.1–85.0)
88.7
(84.2–92.0)
85.2
(80.4–88.9)
77.8
(62.4–88.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Montana
72.2
(67.1–76.7)
55.1
(41.0–68.4)
74.9
(68.4–80.4)
80.5
(76.0–84.3)
75.5
(70.7–79.7)
NR
NR
62.7
(49.4–74.4)
NR
NR
Nebraska
80.4
(76.3–83.9)
75.5
(64.1–84.1)
76.4
(69.1–82.4)
87.5
(83.6–90.5)
85.0
(81.0–88.2)
NR
NR
58.6
(37.3–77.1)
42.2
(27.5–58.3)
Nevada
72.6
(66.1–78.2)
59.8¶
(42.6–74.9)
66.3
(54.9–76.1)
85.0
(79.0–89.5)
79.9
(71.7–86.2)
NR
NR
71.7¶
(50.3–86.4)
55.9
(42.1–68.9)
New Hampshire
87.0
(84.0–89.5)
80.6
(69.6–88.3)
88.7
(83.6–92.3)
88.4
(84.9–91.2)
86.9
(83.7–89.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
New Jersey
84.3
(81.5–86.8)
77.6
(67.8–85.1)
83.7
(79.9–86.9)
88.5
(85.8–90.8)
89.5
(85.5–92.6)
81.1
(74.1–86.6)
94.2
(87.7–97.4)
66.0
(58.6–72.6)
New Mexico
74.2
(70.5–77.5)
68.2
(58.0–77.0)
72.6
(67.1–77.6)
79.7
(75.6–83.3)
84.1
(78.7–88.3)
NR
NR
58.8
(46.9–69.7)
69.9
(64.5–74.7)
New York
84.3
(80.9–87.2)
74.1
(64.0–82.2)
87.0
(81.9–90.8)
88.6
(84.6–91.6)
89.0
(85.2–92.0)
86.0
(75.8–92.3)
78.5
(62.4–88.9)
72
(62.3–80.0)
North Carolina
74.6
(70.9–78.0)
60.6
(49.3–70.9)
75.4
(70.8–79.5)
82.1
(78.2–85.5)
82.5
(78.9–85.5)
72.1
(62.2–80.3)
62.4
(41.2–79.7)
35.4
(25.9–46.3)
North Dakota
87.7
(83.1–91.2)
79.1
(66.6–87.8)
95.0
(91.4–97.2)
89.4
(85.6–92.4)
89.7
(84.9–93.1)
NR
NR
76.8¶
(57.1–89.2)
NR
NR
Ohio
86.8
(83.9–89.2)
80.2
(70.8–87.1)
87.7
(82.3–91.6)
88.5
(85.6–90.9)
87.5
(84.3–90.2)
82.2
(73.2–88.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Oklahoma
68.6
(65.4–71.6)
52.2
(42.5–61.8)
66.2
(61.2–70.8)
78.6
(74.9–81.9)
74.6
(70.8–78.1)
63.8
(52.5–73.8)
65.1
(56.7–72.6)
32.7
(24.4–42.3)
Oregon
77.9
(72.9–82.2)
NR
NR
74.7
(66.9–81.1)
84.9
(79.2–89.3)
80.3
(74.8–84.8)
NR
NR
77.1
(63.1–86.9)
NR
NR
Pennsylvania
87.2
(84.3–89.5)
86.6
(78.8–91.9)
84.1
(78.9–88.2)
89.9
(86.6–92.5)
88.2
(85.1–90.7)
85.1
(72.6–92.5)
NR
NR
84.2¶
(68.8–92.8)
Rhode Island
85.9
(82.5–88.7)
81.8
(71.4–89.0)
86.0
(80.6–90.0)
88.7
(85.3–91.4)
88.4
(84.4–91.4)
86.1¶
(71.0–94.0)
NR
NR
71.5
(61.1–80.0)
South Carolina
81.7
(78.4–84.6)
77.9
(65.3–86.9)
80.9
(75.7–85.3)
83.7
(79.2–87.4)
85.0
(80.9–88.3)
78.2
(71.9–83.4)
NR
NR
NR
NR
South Dakota
86.9
(83.7–89.5)
82.9
(72.8–89.8)
87.8
(83.2–91.2)
89.0
(85.5–91.7)
89.8
(86.4–92.4)
NR
NR
66.3
(54.5–76.4)
NR
NR
Tennessee
82.7
(79.2–85.7)
83.3
(70.0–91.4)
83.1
(77.2–87.8)
82.2
(77.3–86.3)
83.5
(79.7–86.7)
84.2
(75.2–90.4)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Texas
64.5
(61.3–67.7)
60.7
(51.3–69.3)
55.4
(50.1–60.5)
74.3
(70.1–78.1)
80.3
(76.0–84.1)
67.0
(56.3–76.2)
84.1
(68.5–92.8)
44.2
(39.1–49.4)
Utah
82.1
(79.3–84.6)
77.7
(69.4–84.2)
80.6
(77.0–83.9)
87.9
(85.1–90.1)
85.3
(82.3–87.9)
NR
NR
83.0
(70.1–91.1)
52.3
(43.1–61.4)
Vermont
89.6
(86.4–92.2)
81.6
(71.1–88.9)
89.9
(85.4–93.1)
94.8
(92.7–96.4)
90.4
(87.1–92.9)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Virginia
83.9
(78.5–88.1)
77.1¶
(58.6–88.9)
84.8
(78.6–89.4)
87.3
(81.6–91.4)
89.1
(84.3–92.5)
75.8
(55.3–88.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Washington
81.1
(79.0–83.0)
74.6
(68.1–80.1)
78.1
(74.7–81.1)
87.8
(85.7–89.6)
86.3
(84.1–88.2)
NR
NR
87.4
(80.7–92.0)
47.9
(41.4–54.4)
West Virginia
77.0
(73.2–80.4)
68.3
(57.3–77.6)
74.5
(68.6–79.5)
84.8
(80.6–88.3)
77.7
(73.8–81.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wisconsin
89.1
(84.6–92.4)
90.0
(76.7–96.1)
85.4
(76.4–91.3)
91.8
(86.8–95.0)
90.0
(85.1–93.5)
86.9
(71.4–94.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wyoming
75.1
(70.7–79.0)
66.1
(53.0–77.1)
75.5
(69.9–80.4)
81.2
(76.3–85.3)
78.4
(73.8–82.4)
NR
NR
NR
NR
45
(30.8–60.0)
Total**
80.1
(79.4–80.7)
74.2
(72.2–76.0)
78.5
(77.4–79.4)
84.6
(83.8–85.3)
85.8
(85.1–86.4)
78.0
(75.9–79.9)
81.4
(78.7–83.8)
61.2
(59.2–63.2)
Median
82.1
76.9
80.6
87.4
85.4
79.1
80.3
61.1
Minimum
64.5
44.5
55.4
74.3
70.5
63.8
58.6
32.7
Maximum
94.8
92.2
97.4
96.5
99.1
90.0
96.5
89.4
Abbreviation: NR = not reported (if <50 respondents).
* White = non-Hispanic white; black = non-Hispanic black; other = non-Hispanic other.
† Percentages and their associated confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for complex survey design and nonresponse.
§ 95% confidence interval.
¶ Represents 50–59 respondents; might not be reliable.
** Chi-square p-value significant at p<0.05 for age group and race/ethnicity.
TABLE 5. Estimated prevalence of women aged 18–44 years having a live birth who had health-care coverage during the month before pregnancy, overall and by age group and race/ethnicity — Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, United States, 29 reporting areas, 2009
State
Total
Age group (yrs)
Race/Ethnicity*
18–24
25–34
35–44
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
%†
CI§
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
Alaska
79.1
(76.1–81.8)
76.1
(70.8–80.6)
79.3
(75.1–82.9)
88.7
(81.0–93.5)
77.7
(73.3–81.5)
96.5¶
(93.2–98.3)
81.0
(76.8–84.6)
72.7
(56.0–84.7)
Arkansas
66.8
(63.0–70.3)
57.2
(50.9–63.2)
71.2
(66.1–75.9)
83.3
(72.2–90.5)
68.2
(63.8–72.3)
71.8
(62.7–79.5)
80.4¶
(54.3–93.4)
42.2
(29.9–55.6)
Colorado
74.7
(71.9–77.4)
58.4
(52.1–64.3)
78.6
(74.9–81.9)
88.4
(83.2–92.1)
82.7
(79.7–85.4)
75.4¶
(45.8–91.8)
80.4
(69.0–88.3)
56.2
(49.9–62.4)
Delaware
87.0
(84.8–89.0)
82.8
(78.0–86.7)
88.4
(85.3–90.8)
90.1
(84.6–93.8)
90.8
(88.2–92.9)
91.1
(86.6–94.2)
86.1
(74.9–92.8)
57.7
(48.2–66.7)
Georgia
67.7
(62.7–72.3)
57.9
(49.5–65.8)
71.7
(64.7–77.7)
85.2
(69.4–93.6)
80.2
(73.3–85.7)
71.3
(62.8–78.4)
75.5¶
(50.7–90.2)
34.4
(23.9–46.6)
Hawaii
91.8
(89.9–93.3)
86.4
(81.8–90.0)
94.8
(93.0–96.2)
92.6
(87.5–95.8)
90.9
(86.6–94.0)
99.2¶
(95.6–99.9)
92.4
(89.9–94.3)
89.9
(84.1–93.7)
Illinois
77.1
(74.7–79.3)
64.6
(59.4–69.5)
81.0
(77.9–83.7)
84.7
(79.1–89.0)
86.9
(84.2–89.1)
81.8
(75.0–87.1)
79.1
(68.3–86.9)
52.2
(46.7–57.6)
Maine
86.4
(83.8–88.6)
75.5
(69.5–80.6)
90.6
(87.6–93.0)
94.1
(88.2–97.2)
86.7
(84.1–89.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maryland
78.2
(74.7–81.4)
64.0
(55.4–71.8)
81.6
(77.0–85.5)
88.0
(84.8–90.5)
89.2
(85.1–92.3)
78.7
(72.2–84.0)
85.2
(71.6–92.9)
32.8
(23.6–43.5)
Massachusetts
94.0
(92.2–95.4)
85.9
(80.1–90.2)
96.0
(94.0–97.4)
98.3
(96.7–99.2)
95.6
(92.9–97.3)
90.7
(86.8–93.6)
95.9
(92.9–97.7)
87.3
(83.3–90.4)
Michigan
80.7
(78.2–83.0)
72.0
(67.1–76.5)
83.5
(80.2–86.4)
88.9
(82.6–93.1)
80.9
(77.8–83.7)
83.5
(80.1–86.3)
74.8
(62.1–84.3)
78.0¶
(63.7–87.8)
Minnesota
84.4
(82.1–86.5)
67.3
(61.3–72.8)
89.8
(87.2–92.0)
88.4
(82.3–92.5)
88.9
(86.6–90.9)
77.3
(66.5–85.4)
84.3
(75.3–90.5)
52.9
(42.5–63.1)
Mississippi
65.1
(61.8–68.3)
54.7
(49.7–59.7)
73.3
(68.7–77.4)
76.7
(64.5–85.6)
66.8
(62.1–71.1)
64.8
(59.9–69.4)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Missouri
72.1
(69.1–74.9)
57.5
(51.8–62.9)
79.3
(75.6–82.6)
85.8
(78.0–91.2)
72.2
(68.9–75.2)
77.6
(67.8–85.1)
66.0¶
(46.7–81.1)
57.8¶
(39.3–74.4)
Nebraska
77.1
(74.8–79.3)
59.9
(54.8–64.7)
84.0
(81.3–86.4)
86.2
(80.6–90.4)
82.8
(79.7–85.4)
73.5
(68.1–78.3)
71.8
(66.3–76.8)
52.7
(47.6–57.8)
New Jersey
83.6
(81.5–85.5)
68.7
(62.7–74.2)
86.0
(83.3–88.3)
92.4
(88.5–95.0)
92.1
(89.4–94.2)
84.0
(78.7–88.2)
89.5
(84.3–93.2)
65.8
(60.3–70.9)
Ohio
82.3
(79.2–85.0)
70.2
(63.8–75.9)
87.7
(83.8–90.7)
89.3
(79.7–94.7)
82.2
(78.4–85.4)
84.2
(80.0–87.7)
94.0¶
(71.4–99.0)
NR
NR
Oklahoma
67.2
(63.6–70.6)
58.2
(52.3–63.9)
72.8
(67.9–77.2)
77.2
(64.9–86.1)
69.0
(64.4–73.2)
61.5
(47.6–73.7)
84.3
(76.1–90.0)
39.2
(30.1–49.2)
Oregon
73.2
(69.9–76.3)
61.3
(54.2–68.0)
75.9
(71.6–79.7)
85.0
(78.0–90.1)
77.7
(73.0–81.9)
77.4
(71.1–82.6)
79.0
(75.8–81.9)
53.8
(48.6–58.9)
Pennsylvania
81.6
(78.6–84.3)
70.8
(64.1–76.7)
85.7
(81.9–88.9)
87.7
(80.4–92.5)
83.0
(79.6–85.9)
81.7
(71.5–88.8)
80.2
(68.4–88.3)
69.6
(54.8–81.2)
Rhode Island
83.3
(80.7–85.6)
67.6
(60.9–73.6)
88.8
(85.9–91.2)
88.1
(82.2–92.3)
90.6
(87.8–92.9)
79.1
(65.0–88.6)
81.8
(70.9–89.2)
66.2
(59.3–72.5)
Tennessee
76.0
(71.4–80.0)
72.4
(64.7–79.0)
79.0
(72.5–84.3)
75.5
(62.3–85.2)
80.6
(75.5–84.8)
78.1
(66.6–86.4)
59.9¶
(37.6–78.7)
41.2¶
(24.8–59.8)
Texas
59.4
(56.3–62.5)
45.1
(39.7–50.7)
66.4
(61.9–70.5)
69.8
(60.6–77.6)
74.6
(70.2–78.5)
63.8
(58.8–68.5)
86.5¶
(72.4–93.9)
45.2
(39.9–50.7)
Utah
79.0
(76.9–80.9)
68.8
(64.3–72.9)
83.7
(81.0–86.0)
81.2
(73.2–87.2)
86.4
(84.2–88.5)
NR
NR
77.2
(64.4–86.4)
47.5
(41.5–53.6)
Vermont
86.5
(84.1–88.5)
71.6
(65.7–76.9)
91.2
(88.5–93.3)
93.5
(88.7–96.3)
86.1
(83.6–88.2)
NR
NR
83.8¶
(68.1–92.6)
NR
NR
Washington
77.2
(74.4–79.7)
67.0
(61.0–72.6)
79.7
(76.1–82.9)
90.5
(85.9–93.7)
84.9
(80.8–88.2)
76.2
(70.3–81.2)
79.7
(74.3–84.3)
50.4
(44.9–55.9)
West Virginia
67.0
(64.0–69.9)
54.9
(50.2–59.6)
75.6
(71.6–79.3)
81.2
(71.1–88.4)
67.4
(64.4–70.4)
54.7
(36.3–71.9)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wisconsin
85.7
(83.0–87.9)
73.0
(66.3–78.8)
90.8
(87.9–93.1)
88.7
(81.3–93.3)
90.2
86.7–92.9
81.7
75.8–86.4
82.8
(73.8–89.1)
58.8
(51.9–65.5)
Wyoming
71.6
(68.1–74.9)
60.3
(53.7–66.6)
76.4
(71.9–80.3)
88.7
(81.5–93.3)
76.1
71.9–79.8
NR
NR
67.6
(57.3–76.5)
45.1
(38.8–51.6)
Total**
74.9
(74.0–75.7)
62.0
(60.3–63.7)
79.8
(78.8–80.9)
84.6
(82.5–86.4)
81.9
81.1–82.8
76.0
74.2–77.8
82.9
(80.6–84.9)
50.3
(47.6–53.1)
Median
78.2
67.3
81.6
88.1
82.8
78.1
80.7
53.3
Minimum
59.4
45.1
66.4
69.8
66.8
54.7
59.9
32.8
Maximum
94.0
86.4
96.0
98.3
95.6
99.2
95.9
89.9
Abbreviation: NR = not reported (if <30 respondents).
* White = non-Hispanic white; Black = non-Hispanic black; Other = non-Hispanic other.
† Percentages and their associated confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for complex survey design and nonresponse.
§ 95% confidence interval.
¶ Represents 30–59 respondents; might not be reliable.
** Chi-square p-value significant at p<0.05 for age group and race/ethnicity.
TABLE 6. Estimated prevalence of women aged 18–44 years who had a routine checkup in the past year, overall and by age group and race/ethnicity — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2009
State
Total
Age group (yrs)
Race/Ethnicity*
18–24
25–34
35–44
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
%†
CI§
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
Alabama
72.4
(68.8–75.6)
66.5
(55.4–76.0)
71.3
(65.4–76.5)
75.4
(70.6–79.6)
69.2
(64.5–73.6)
78.3
(72.5–83.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Alaska
60.8
(53.6–67.6)
58.1
(39.5–74.7)
61.0
(49.0–71.8)
62.3
(54.0–70.0)
61.0
(52.4–69.0)
NR
NR
60.9
(44.6–75.0)
NR
NR
Arizona
67.5
(61.4–73.1)
66.9¶
(40.6–85.7)
65.5
(57.0–73.0)
70.0
(63.2–76.0)
69.0
(60.4–76.4)
NR
NR
75.5
(60.9–85.9)
64.5
(53.0–74.5)
Arkansas
52.9
(47.2–58.4)
47.0¶
(32.3–62.2)
49.7
(40.5–58.8)
59.6
(52.9–65.8)
50.1
(43.9–56.4)
75.2
(61.8–85.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
California
65.6
(63.3–67.8)
63.6
(57.5–69.2)
65.3
(61.8–68.7)
67.4
(64.5–70.1)
66.5
(63.0–69.7)
81.9
(70.9–89.3)
63.4
(55.4–70.6)
64.3
(60.9–67.6)
Colorado
61.3
(58.2–64.3)
60.8
(51.1–69.8)
58.9
(54.1–63.5)
63.8
(60.2–67.2)
60.7
(57.0–64.2)
NR
NR
73.0
(59.1–83.4)
58.4
(51.3–65.2)
Connecticut
67.2
(62.9–71.3)
67.3
(53.4–78.8)
63.2
(55.8–70.0)
70.0
(65.3–74.4)
68.5
(63.7–73.0)
63.8
(40.3–82.2)
66.0
(51.0–78.4)
61.0
(47.7–72.9)
Delaware
74.9
(69.5–79.7)
72.4
(55.4–84.8)
72.3
(64.7–78.8)
78.9
(73.3–83.6)
73.7
(67.3–79.2)
86.2
(71.1–94.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
D.C.
77.3
(73.4–80.8)
NR
NR
75.4
(69.4–80.5)
74.1
(68.5–79.0)
65.3
(58.7–71.4)
87.9
(82.9–91.6)
78.6¶
(64.5–88.2)
NR
NR
Florida
68.2
(64.0–72.1)
59.4
(44.2–72.9)
62.4
(55.0–69.4)
72.9
(67.5–77.7)
65.7
(60.9–70.2)
85.1
(74.5–91.8)
58.1
(40.2–74.1)
62.5
(50.8–72.9)
Georgia
73.8
(69.9–77.4)
73.9
(60.3–84.0)
70.9
(64.3–76.7)
77.1
(72.7–81.1)
71.3
(66.2–75.9)
80.2
(73.8–85.3)
68.9¶
(49.9–83.1)
70.2¶
(50.9–84.3)
Hawaii
57.5
(53.2–61.8)
55.0
(43.4–66.1)
60.5
(53.3–67.2)
56.4
(51.1–61.5)
54.1
(45.7–62.3)
NR
NR
58.5
(53.1–63.6)
54.9
(41.0–68.0)
Idaho
53.1
(48.7–57.5)
45.0
(32.8–57.9)
51.7
(45.1–58.2)
59.3
(53.9–64.5)
53.3
(48.5–58.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
46.5
(33.8–59.7)
Illinois
63.5
(59.6–67.3)
56.5
(45.9–66.5)
61.7
(55.6–67.4)
69.9
(65.4–74.0)
60.4
(55.9–64.7)
77.6
(68.3–84.7)
60.1¶
(42.8–75.2)
64.2
(51.5–75.1)
Indiana
61.0
(57.4–64.5)
68.2
(58.0–76.9)
53.5
(48.2–58.7)
63.3
(58.9–67.4)
59.6
(55.5–63.4)
75.3
(62.8–84.7)
NR
NR
62.8
(48.6–75.1)
Iowa
74.9
(70.9–78.5)
74.6
(61.9–84.2)
70.5
(64.7–75.7)
79.1
(75.0–82.7)
75.4
(71.3–79.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Kansas
71.4
(69.0–73.6)
68.4
(61.5–74.6)
72.6
(69.3–75.6)
72.3
(69.8–74.7)
71.5
(68.9–74.0)
83.7
(75.7–89.5)
66.7
(55.8–76.1)
65.6
(56.8–73.5)
Kentucky
61.9
(58.0–65.6)
63.3
(50.7–74.4)
60.1
(53.9–66.0)
63.1
(57.9–68.0)
61.2
(57.0–65.1)
76.1
(57.8–88.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Louisiana
75.9
(73.1–78.5)
79.7
(72.4–85.5)
71.9
(66.7–76.6)
77.7
(74.0–81.0)
73.3
(69.6–76.6)
81.8
(76.9–85.9)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maine
71.8
(68.3–75.0)
72.4
(61.8–80.9)
73.7
(68.0–78.6)
69.9
(66.0–73.6)
71.9
(68.4–75.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maryland
72.1
(69.0–75.1)
69.7
(60.1–77.9)
69.8
(64.7–74.4)
75.5
(71.9–78.7)
64.8
(60.6–68.7)
82.8
(76.8–87.5)
73.8
(61.7–83.1)
77.3
(64.3–86.5)
Massachusetts
76.1
(73.0–78.9)
74.3
(64.7–82.0)
74.7
(69.9–79.0)
78.2
(75.2–81.0)
74.6
(70.9–78.0)
80.3
(71.0–87.1)
80.2
(70.6–87.3)
82.5
(73.5–89.0)
Michigan
69.6
(66.3–72.7)
70.4
(61.7–77.9)
65.3
(59.5–70.7)
73.1
(69.1–76.7)
69.2
(65.4–72.7)
82.6
(75.8–87.8)
68.7
(51.6–81.9)
NR
NR
Minnesota
73.3
(68.8–77.3)
61.7
(48.4–73.5)
79.8
(74.2–84.5)
75.3
(71.0–79.2)
74.5
(70.0–78.5)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Mississippi
64.4
(61.2–67.5)
64.4
(55.1–72.8)
62.7
(57.7–67.5)
66.6
(62.6–70.4)
61.5
(57.3–65.6)
69.9
(64.7–74.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Missouri
62.8
(57.9–67.4)
60.8
(46.5–73.5)
64.0
(56.2–71.2)
62.5
(56.4–68.2)
61.8
(56.5–66.9)
79.6
(64.4–89.4)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Montana
53.1
(48.2–57.9)
47.8
(34.6–61.3)
50.6
(43.7–57.4)
59.0
(53.7–64.1)
53.2
(48.2–58.2)
NR
NR
61.0
(47.7–72.8)
NR
NR
Nebraska
59.5
(55.3–63.5)
68.2
(56.6–77.9)
55.1
(48.4–61.7)
60.4
(55.2–65.3)
59.4
(55.0–63.7)
NR
NR
53.5
(33.1–72.8)
57.4
(41.0–72.3)
Nevada
58.1
(51.6–64.4)
51.5¶
(34.6–68.0)
49.4
(38.9–59.9)
70.3
(62.8–76.7)
54.8
(46.7–62.6)
NR
NR
73.5¶
(54.4–86.5)
57.7
(43.3–70.8)
New Hampshire
70.7
(66.4–74.7)
71.3
(57.9–81.8)
64.7
(56.8–71.8)
75.5
(70.9–79.5)
70.5
(66.1–74.7)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
New Jersey
72.7
(69.4–75.8)
64.2
(53.2–73.9)
71.6
(67.2–75.7)
78.2
(75.3–80.9)
69.0
(64.6–73.2)
85.7
(79.2–90.4)
72.5
(57.7–83.5)
73.7
(66.1–80.1)
New Mexico
61.0
(57.2–64.7)
56.7
(46.7–66.1)
63.2
(57.3–68.7)
62.0
(57.4–66.4)
56.4
(50.1–62.5)
NR
NR
62.2
(51.3–72.0)
63.4
(57.9–68.6)
New York
70.6
(67.1–73.9)
71.5
(62.2–79.3)
68.0
(62.2–73.2)
72.4
(67.8–76.5)
65.8
(61.2–70.1)
80.7
(71.0–87.8)
64.6
(50.6–76.5)
77.6
(69.5–84.1)
North Carolina
70.4
(67.0–73.5)
68.6
(57.9–77.7)
69.7
(64.8–74.2)
72.0
(68.4–75.4)
67.8
(64.0–71.5)
78.7
(71.4–84.5)
58.2
(38.7–75.4)
75.3
(64.8–83.4)
North Dakota
68.4
(63.3–73.0)
64.1
(51.7–74.8)
68.0
(61.4–73.9)
73.2
(68.2–77.7)
68.7
(63.4–73.6)
NR
NR
60.9¶
(43.1–76.3)
NR
NR
Ohio
62.5
(59.0–65.9)
70.4
(59.8–79.2)
58.3
(52.4–64.0)
63.9
(59.8–67.9)
60.1
(56.1–63.9)
74.9
(65.5–82.5)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Oklahoma
51.4
(48.1–54.6)
45.0
(35.6–54.9)
48.0
(43.0–53.0)
58.1
(53.9–62.2)
51.7
(47.7–55.6)
58.0
(46.9–68.3)
48.8
(40.8–56.8)
49.3
(39.4–59.3)
Oregon
54.4
(49.1–59.6)
NR
NR
52.9
(44.8–60.8)
57.2
(50.8–63.4)
54.8
(48.8–60.7)
NR
NR
50.6
(37.5–63.6)
NR
NR
Pennsylvania
66.4
(62.8–69.8)
76.6
(67.3–83.8)
55.4
(49.2–61.3)
68.1
(63.8–72.0)
64.5
(60.5–68.3)
92.7
(85.9–96.3)
NR
NR
60.6¶
(43.6–75.5)
Rhode Island
75.6
(71.7–79.2)
76.4
(65.2–84.9)
72.6
(66.1–78.2)
77.6
(73.6–81.1)
77.0
(72.4–81.0)
51.2¶
(32.7–69.4)
NR
NR
78.5
(69.1–85.7)
South Carolina
66.2
(62.2–70.1)
55.3
(42.1–67.8)
66.8
(60.3–72.8)
69.5
(64.6–74.0)
62.7
(57.3–67.8)
76.1
(69.8–81.5)
NR
NR
NR
NR
South Dakota
74.3
(70.0–78.2)
73.5
(61.0–83.1)
73.5
(67.2–78.9)
75.7
(70.9–79.9)
74.2
(69.4–78.5)
NR
NR
72.5
(60.8–81.7)
NR
NR
Tennessee
75.4
(71.4–79.0)
71.2
(56.1–82.7)
72.3
(65.1–78.6)
78.1
(73.0–82.5)
73.4
(69.0–77.4)
83.8
(73.0–90.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Texas
58.0
(54.7–61.2)
53.4
(43.9–62.7)
53.2
(47.9–58.3)
64.0
(59.5–68.2)
61.2
(56.4–65.7)
65.2
(53.7–75.2)
65.1
(49.2–78.3)
51.4
(46.2–56.6)
Utah
56.1
(52.8–59.4)
53.9
(44.8–62.7)
56.4
(52.1–60.6)
57.8
(54.1–61.5)
56.7
(53.1–60.3)
NR
NR
54.8
(40.1–68.7)
50.2
(40.9–59.4)
Vermont
64.3
(60.1–68.3)
62.9
(51.1–73.4)
62.1
(55.6–68.1)
66.9
(62.6–71.0)
63.5
(59.2–67.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Virginia
71.9
(66.5–76.7)
69.6¶
(52.6–82.6)
67.4
(59.3–74.6)
77.2
(72.1–81.7)
69.8
(63.2–75.6)
78.9
(62.9–89.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Washington
60.6
(58.1–63.0)
61.7
(54.5–68.4)
58.4
(54.5–62.1)
62.0
(59.1–64.8)
58.9
(56.1–61.7)
NR
NR
63.3
(54.4–71.4)
66.4
(59.8–72.4)
West Virginia
73.4
(69.6–76.8)
76.8
(66.6–84.6)
72.0
(66.2–77.1)
72.4
(67.3–77.0)
73.4
(69.6–76.9)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wisconsin
66.1
(60.2–71.4)
65.4
(49.3–78.5)
67.8
(58.5–75.9)
65.0
(58.0–71.3)
65.6
(59.3–71.4)
85.3
(69.0–93.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wyoming
55.1
(50.6–59.5)
57.8
(44.9–69.8)
53.0
(47.1–58.7)
55.3
(49.9–60.7)
54.3
(49.5–59.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
59.4
(43.3–73.8)
Total**
66.3
(65.7–67.0)
65.0
(63.0–66.9)
63.5
(62.4–64.6)
69.6
(68.7–70.5)
65.1
(64.3–65.9)
79.0
(77.1–80.9)
64.3
(61.4–67.1)
63.0
(60.9–64.9)
Median
66.4
65.4
64.7
69.9
65.3
79.9
64.0
63.1
Minimum
51.4
45.0
48.0
55.3
50.1
51.2
48.8
46.5
Maximum
77.3
79.7
79.8
79.1
77.0
92.7
80.2
82.5
Abbreviation: NR = not reported (if <50 respondents).
* White = non-Hispanic white; Black = non-Hispanic black; Other = non-Hispanic other.
† Percentages and their associated confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for complex survey design and nonresponse.
§ 95% confidence interval.
¶ Represents 50–59 respondents; might not be reliable.
** Chi-square p-value significant at p<0.05 for age group and race/ethnicity.
TABLE 7. Estimated prevalence of women aged 18–44 years having a live birth who had a postpartum checkup, overall and by age group and race/ethnicity — Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, United States, 16 reporting areas, 2009
State
Total
Age group (yrs)
Race/Ethnicity*
18–24
25–34
35–44
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
%†
CI§
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
Arkansas
88.0
(85.3–90.3)
83.1
(77.9–87.4)
91.5
(88.2–93.9)
90.1
(81.3–95.0)
89.1
(86.0–91.5)
88.4
(81.1–93.1)
NR
NR
80.1
(68.3–88.2)
Georgia
88.0
(84.1–91.0)
85.2
(78.2–90.3)
89.4
(83.9–93.1)
91.8
(76.8–97.5)
91.7
(86.3–95.1)
91.7
(85.6–95.4)
85.6¶
(60.7–95.8)
75.3
(63.2–84.4)
Hawaii
91.1
(89.1–92.7)
88.4
(83.9–91.7)
91.5
(88.7–93.6)
94.8
(91.0–97.0)
91.9
(87.0–95.1)
93.4¶
(66.3–99.0)
91.8
(89.3–93.7)
87.2
(80.9–91.6)
Massachusetts
94.4
(92.6–95.8)
91.2
(86.5–94.4)
95.5
(93.3–97.1)
94.9
(89.7–97.5)
95.4
(92.7–97.1)
92.5
(88.8–95.0)
95.4
(92.0–97.4)
90.4
(86.8–93.1)
Michigan
88.0
(85.9–89.8)
84.0
(79.9–87.5)
89.9
(87.3–92.1)
88.9
(82.5–93.1)
89.2
(86.6–91.4)
82.9
(79.5–85.9)
85.0
(73.4–92.1)
92.2¶
(80.1–97.2)
Minnesota
91.2
(89.3–92.7)
88.5
(84.0–91.8)
92.9
(90.8–94.6)
87.8
(80.9–92.5)
92.4
(90.3–94.0)
85.8
(75.9–92.0)
84.2
(75.9–90.0)
91.9
(83.6–96.1)
Missouri
91.8
(89.8–93.4)
88.8
(84.8–91.9)
92.9
(90.3–94.8)
96.6
(93.0–98.4)
93.2
(91.3–94.7)
85.1
(75.6–91.3)
88.2¶
(71.4–95.7)
87.9¶
(67.8–96.2)
New Jersey
87.6
(85.6–89.3)
77.8
(72.2–82.5)
90.1
(87.8–92.0)
90.4
(86.0–93.5)
92.5
(89.8–94.5)
79.6
(73.6–84.5)
89.9
(85.5–93.1)
82.8
(78.3–86.6)
Ohio
90.4
(88.0–92.3)
87.5
(82.6–91.2)
91.9
(88.8–94.2)
90.9
(82.9–95.4)
90.8
(87.8–93.1)
85.8
(81.8–89.1)
95.8¶
(82.5–99.1)
NR
NR
Rhode Island
93.6
(91.8–95.1)
88.5
(83.3–92.2)
95.3
(93.2–96.8)
95.2
(90.3–97.7)
94.5
(92.1–96.2)
92.4
(81.0–97.2)
93.5
(84.2–97.5)
90.3
(85.5–93.7)
Tennessee
87.5
(83.8–90.4)
86.7
(80.1–91.3)
87.5
(82.0–91.4)
89.8
(78.9–95.4)
90.2
(86.0–93.2)
88.7
(79.8–94.0)
72.4¶
(50.0–87.4)
72.3¶
(54.1–85.3)
Texas
84.2
(81.5–86.5)
77.6
(72.6–81.9)
88.2
(84.7–90.9)
85.6
(77.5–91.1)
91.2
(88.1–93.5)
84.8
(80.8–88.1)
87.6
(74.2–94.5)
78.6
(73.8–82.7)
Utah
88.3
(86.5–89.9)
85.0
(81.4–88.0)
89.9
(87.6–91.8)
88.9
(81.8–93.5)
91.8
(89.9–93.4)
NR
NR
84.0
(72.9–91.2)
75.3
(69.9–80.1)
Washington
89.7
(87.5–91.5)
86.4
(81.9–90.0)
90.2
(87.2–92.6)
95.2
(91.4–97.3)
92.1
(88.9–94.5)
83.1
(77.5–87.6)
87.1
(82.8–90.5)
84.8
(80.3–88.5)
West Virginia
88.6
(86.5–90.4)
87.1
(83.7–89.9)
90.2
(87.3–92.6)
86.1
(76.5–92.1)
88.6
(86.4–90.4)
88.6
(71.3–96.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wisconsin
92.3
(90.2–94.0)
88.4
(83.3–92.2)
94.1
(91.5–95.9)
92.7
(85.0–96.5)
94.3
(91.4–96.2)
86.4
(81.0–90.5)
87.9
(79.9–92.9)
86.1
(80.6–90.2)
Total**
88.2
(87.4–89.0)
83.7
(81.9–85.3)
90.5
(89.4–91.4)
90.0
(87.7–92.0)
91.6
(90.8–92.4)
86.6
(84.9–88.1)
88.3
(85.7–90.4)
80.3
(77.3–82.9)
Median
89.1
86.9
90.8
90.6
91.8
86.4
87.7
85.5
Minimum
84.2
77.6
87.5
85.6
88.6
79.6
72.4
72.3
Maximum
94.4
91.2
95.5
96.6
95.4
93.4
95.8
92.2
Abbreviation: NR = not reported (if <30 respondents).
* White = non-Hispanic white; Black = non-Hispanic black; Other = non-Hispanic other.
† Percentages and their associated confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for complex survey design and nonresponse.
§ 95% confidence interval.
¶ Represents 30–59 respondents; might not be reliable.
** Chi-square p-value significant at p<0.05 for age group and race/ethnicity.
TABLE 8. Estimated prevalence of women aged 18–44 years having a live birth who had their teeth cleaned during the 12 months before pregnancy, overall and by age group and race/ethnicity — Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, United States, 29 reporting areas, 2009
State
Total
Age group (yrs)
Race/Ethnicity*
18–24
25–34
35–44
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
%†
CI§
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
Alaska
50.2
(46.7–53.7)
43.2
(37.6–49.0)
53.9
(49.2–58.6)
55.2
(44.5–65.5)
55.0
(50.1–59.8)
58.3¶
(34.5–78.7)
40.4
(35.7–45.3)
49.0
(33.1–65.0)
Arkansas
44.2
(40.3–48.1)
38.1
(32.1–44.4)
46.2
(40.8–51.7)
59.1
(46.2–70.9)
49.7
(45.2–54.3)
40.1
(31.0–49.8)
NR
NR
15.4
(8.3–26.9)
Colorado
53.8
(50.6–56.9)
41.0
(35.0–47.3)
57.2
(53.0–61.3)
62.6
(54.5–70.0)
61.2
(57.4–64.8)
35.8¶
(17.2–60.0)
47.3
(34.1–60.8)
40.6
(34.6–46.9)
Delaware
49.9
(46.8–52.9)
37.9
(32.7–43.4)
50.5
(46.3–54.6)
69.7
(62.6–76.0)
59.5
(55.5–63.4)
43.2
(37.1–49.5)
54.9
(42.6–66.6)
22.6
(16.7–29.9)
Georgia
39.9
(35.2–44.8)
31.8
(24.8–39.8)
42.2
(35.6–49.1)
59.0
(44.4–72.2)
52.0
(44.7–59.3)
33.6
(26.0–42.2)
55.3¶
(34.4–74.4)
22.0
(13.7–33.4)
Hawaii
52.5
(49.4–55.7)
47.1
(41.4–52.9)
53.5
(49.1–57.8)
59.6
(52.0–66.7)
69.6
(63.2–75.4)
61.1¶
(39.4–79.2)
48.3
(44.2–52.4)
46.5
(39.2–54.0)
Illinois
51.8
(49.0–54.5)
36.8
(31.9–42.1)
54.5
(50.9–58.1)
67.9
(61.3–73.9)
61.2
(57.7–64.7)
38.0
(30.8–45.7)
53.8
(42.7–64.6)
39.4
(34.3–44.8)
Maine
54.1
(50.6–57.5)
40.9
(34.7–47.4)
57.8
(53.2–62.3)
69.7
(60.4–77.6)
53.5
(49.9–57.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maryland
53.6
(49.8–57.4)
37.3
(29.6–45.7)
57.3
(51.9–62.5)
65.4
(61.3–69.3)
63.9
(58.5–69.0)
48.0
(41.2–55.0)
59.2
(45.4–71.6)
27.9
(19.7–37.8)
Massachusetts
65.8
(62.4–69.1)
55.3
(47.9–62.5)
65.8
(61.3–70.1)
79.6
(72.3–85.3)
69.3
(64.3–73.8)
54.0
(48.2–59.6)
57.8
(52.1–63.2)
61.8
(56.6–66.7)
Michigan
58.0
(55.1–60.9)
48.2
(43.0–53.4)
60.4
(56.4–64.2)
70.4
(63.0–76.8)
62.7
(59.0–66.3)
46.1
(42.0–50.2)
42.4
(30.7–55.1)
54.2¶
(39.2–68.4)
Minnesota
62.1
(59.1–64.9)
46.9
(40.9–52.9)
65.0
(61.3–68.5)
73.7
(66.3–80.0)
68.1
(64.9–71.2)
49.7
(39.3–60.0)
46.3
(36.5–56.4)
40.4
(30.8–50.7)
Mississippi
41.9
(38.7–45.3)
38.7
(34.0–43.6)
44.8
(40.0–49.7)
43.8
(31.8–56.6)
47.9
(43.2–52.6)
37.3
(32.7–42.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Missouri
45.7
(42.5–49.0)
31.7
(26.7–37.2)
51.9
(47.5–56.3)
63.2
(53.7–71.9)
47.6
(44.1–51.1)
41.2
(31.3–51.9)
35.0¶
(19.1–55.2)
27.4¶
(15.3–44.0)
Nebraska
58.2
(55.5–60.9)
42.3
(37.3–47.5)
63.9
(60.3–67.4)
69.7
(62.4–76.2)
62.8
(59.2–66.3)
42.9
(37.3–48.6)
47.8
(42.3–53.5)
45.9
(40.9–51.1)
New Jersey
54.8
(52.1–57.5)
38.1
(32.2–44.3)
56.8
(53.3–60.3)
66.8
(60.7–72.3)
66.2
(61.9–70.2)
44.8
(38.4–51.4)
49.4
(43.3–55.5)
43.5
(38.2–49.1)
Ohio
58.0
(54.4–61.5)
45.1
(38.8–51.6)
63.5
(58.7–68.0)
66.9
(56.6–75.8)
59.1
(54.8–63.4)
53.4
(48.2–58.7)
47.7¶
(30.0–66.0)
NR
NR
Oklahoma
45.3
(41.7–49.0)
43.8
(38.0–49.7)
46.0
(40.9–51.1)
49.1
(37.0–61.4)
48.7
(44.1–53.4)
43.2
(30.4–57.1)
45.5
(36.4–54.9)
30.7
(22.5–40.4)
Oregon
53.2
(49.5–56.9)
41.6
(34.7–48.8)
57.5
(52.6–62.2)
57.6
(47.8–66.8)
58.6
(53.4–63.7)
49.6
(42.8–56.4)
50.3
(46.5–54.0)
36.0
(31.2–41.0)
Pennsylvania
59.2
(55.7–62.6)
43.2
(36.5–50.2)
64.8
(60.3–69.0)
69.7
(61.5–76.8)
61.5
(57.6–65.4)
61.7
(50.6–71.6)
45.8
(34.1–58.0)
44.2
(31.3–57.9)
Rhode Island
64.0
(60.8–67.0)
48.5
(41.9–55.2)
67.7
(63.5–71.6)
75.3
(67.8–81.5)
71.0
(66.9–74.8)
39.9
(27.0–54.3)
54.7
(43.4–65.5)
54.5
(47.6–61.3)
Tennessee
48.2
(43.3–53.1)
43.3
(35.6–51.4)
51.5
(44.5–58.5)
50.5
(37.8–63.1)
54.1
(48.2–59.8)
40.2
(29.5–52.0)
40.2¶
(21.8–61.8)
20.2¶
(9.1–39.1)
Texas
40.0
(36.9–43.2)
34.0
(29.0–39.4)
43.3
(39.0–47.7)
42.9
(34.6–51.7)
48.5
(43.9–53.2)
38.9
(34.1–43.9)
42.1¶
(28.8–56.5)
34.0
(29.1–39.3)
Utah
58.7
(56.0–61.3)
49.5
(44.6–54.3)
63.0
(59.6–66.3)
59.8
(50.4–68.5)
64.9
(61.8–67.9)
NR
NR
42.0
(29.9–55.2)
37.8
(32.1–43.9)
Vermont
62.6
(59.6–65.6)
42.1
(36.1–48.4)
67.6
(63.7–71.3)
77.2
(70.5–82.7)
62.8
(59.5–65.9)
NR
NR
55.7¶
(39.9–70.5)
NR
NR
Washington
57.2
(53.8–60.5)
46.9
(40.8–53.2)
61.0
(56.5–65.4)
66.6
(58.2–74.0)
61.7
(56.7–66.5)
44.6
(38.4–51.1)
54.6
(48.8–60.2)
47.0
(41.6–52.5)
West Virginia
46.5
(43.5–49.7)
42.4
(37.9–47.1)
49.5
(45.0–54.0)
51.9
(40.9–62.7)
46.7
(43.5–49.8)
41.0
(25.0–59.3)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wisconsin
61.7
(58.1–65.2)
48.4
(41.3–55.6)
67.2
(62.6–71.5)
64.8
(54.8–73.6)
69.1
(64.4–73.5)
41.2
(34.7–48.0)
50.7
(41.3–60.1)
33.8
(27.6–40.6)
Wyoming
54.1
(50.2–58.0)
44.7
(38.1–51.5)
59.1
(53.9–64.1)
61.1
(48.0–72.8)
58.6
(53.9–63.2)
NR
NR
35.2
(26.4–45.2)
32.4
(26.8–38.6)
Total**
51.3
(50.4–52.1)
40.2
(38.6–41.8)
55.1
(53.9–56.3)
61.8
(59.4–64.0)
58.6
(57.6–59.7)
43.0
(40.9–45.1)
48.4
(45.8–51.1)
36.5
(33.9–39.1)
Median
53.8
42.4
57.3
64.8
61.2
43.2
47.8
38.6
Minimum
39.9
31.7
42.2
42.9
46.7
33.6
35.0
15.4
Maximum
65.8
55.3
67.7
79.6
71.0
61.7
59.2
61.8
Abbreviation: NR = not reported (if <30 respondents).
* White = non-Hispanic white; Black = non-Hispanic black; Other = non-Hispanic other.
† Percentages and their associated confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for complex survey design and nonresponse.
§ 95% confidence interval.
¶ Represents 30–59 respondents; might not be reliable.
** Chi-square p-value significant at p<0.05 for age group and race/ethnicity.
TABLE 9. Estimated prevalence of women aged 18–44 years who had a Papanicolaou test within the past 3 years, overall and by age group and race/ethnicity — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2008
State
Total
Age group (yrs)
Race/Ethnicity*
18–24
25–34
35–44
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
%†
CI§
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
Alabama
83.2
(78.9–86.7)
65.5
(52.6–76.4)
90.8
(86.7–93.7)
87.9
(84.1–90.8)
82.5
(77.0–86.9)
85.6
(77.6–91.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Alaska
83.3
(76.1–88.6)
62.2
(40.3–80.0)
92.8
(86.8–96.2)
85.3
(77.2–90.9)
88.0
(81.5–92.4)
NR
NR
83.5
(68.1–92.4)
NR
NR
Arizona
82.7
(75.8–88.0)
52.3
(32.4–71.5)
90.5
(85.0–94.1)
91.3
(86.0–94.7)
80.9
(70.5–88.2)
NR
NR
90.5
(82.5–95.0)
83.4
(75.3–89.2)
Arkansas
84.1
(80.6–87.2)
79.4
(68.1–87.5)
90.4
(85.8–93.5)
81.4
(76.8–85.4)
83.6
(79.4–87.1)
88.4
(79.1–93.9)
NR
NR
79.9
(61.5–90.8)
California
84.2
(81.6–86.4)
67.2
(59.6–74.0)
89.8
(86.6–92.3)
90.5
(88.3–92.4)
85.3
(81.5–88.4)
82.1
(67.0–91.2)
76.2
(67.0–83.4)
85.0
(81.0–88.3)
Colorado
83.6
(81.0–85.8)
66.5
(58.5–73.6)
90.4
(87.3–92.8)
88.0
(85.6–90.0)
87.0
(84.2–89.3)
NR
NR
64.8
(52.1–75.7)
79.4
(72.8–84.7)
Connecticut
85.0
(80.9–88.4)
59.8
(45.6–72.6)
90.8
(86.2–94.1)
90.8
(87.2–93.5)
86.0
(80.8–89.9)
91.5
(70.0–98.0)
75.5
(58.7–87.0)
88
(78.3–93.7)
Delaware
90.1
(85.8–93.3)
74.6
(60.3–85.0)
95.6
(92.0–97.6)
95.6
(92.9–97.3)
88.2
(82.3–92.3)
97.2
(92.4–99.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
D.C.
91.3
(88.6–93.4)
83.7
(71.4–91.3)
92.2
(88.3–94.9)
92.4
(88.6–95.1)
92.7
(88.2–95.6)
90.6
(86.1–93.8)
NR
NR
89.6
(79.7–95.0)
Florida
85.0
(80.8–88.5)
67.6
(51.8–80.2)
86.5
(80.3–91.0)
90.9
(87.9–93.2)
86.1
(81.1–90.0)
94.6
(88.8–97.4)
75.2¶
(47.4–91.1)
78.7
(67.7–86.7)
Georgia
90.4
(87.9–92.5)
81.8
(71.7–88.9)
93.4
(89.2–96.0)
90.8
(87.6–93.2)
89.1
(85.4–91.9)
92.7
(88.0–95.6)
91.4¶
(79.8–96.6)
NR
NR
Hawaii
82.6
(79.3–85.6)
62.2
(52.7–71.0)
90.4
(85.8–93.7)
87.7
(83.4–91.0)
88.5
(81.7–93.0)
NR
NR
80.6
(76.2–84.3)
84.3
(74.0–91.0)
Idaho
76.5
(72.2–80.3)
51.1
(39.2–63.0)
87.2
(82.1–90.9)
80.6
(76.3–84.3)
76.1
(71.4–80.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
82.2
(63.9–92.4)
Illinois
85.6
(82.0–88.6)
67.1
(55.9–76.6)
91.6
(87.4–94.6)
91.9
(89.1–94.1)
84.8
(80.4–88.4)
90.2
(79.9–95.5)
NR
NR
87
(74.8–93.8)
Indiana
81.2
(76.4–85.2)
71.9
(56.2–83.6)
85.3
(79.9–89.5)
83.5
(78.7–87.3)
80.7
(75.3–85.2)
91.4
(80.5–96.5)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Iowa
86.8
(83.4–89.5)
76.8
(64.7–85.7)
90.2
(85.9–93.4)
89.1
(85.9–91.7)
86.7
(83.2–89.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Kansas
85.7
(82.6–88.4)
73.7
(64.0–81.5)
92.5
(88.9–95.0)
88.2
(85.4–90.6)
87.1
(83.7–89.9)
77.1¶
(58.5–89.0)
74.9
(56.3–87.4)
85.2
(72.9–92.5)
Kentucky
84.6
(81.5–87.3)
74.5
(62.5–83.7)
88.9
(84.3–92.3)
84.5
(80.8–87.6)
84.4
(81.1–87.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Louisiana
77.7
(74.2–81.0)
64.9
(55.4–73.3)
84.0
(78.8–88.1)
81.2
(76.7–85.0)
81.7
(77.8–85.0)
73.6
(66.1–80.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maine
86.6
(83.3–89.3)
72.1
(61.2–81.0)
92.6
(88.8–95.2)
90.0
(86.9–92.5)
87.9
(84.6–90.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maryland
84.2
(81.1–86.8)
59.1
(49.6–67.9)
93.1
(90.1–95.3)
91.1
(88.3–93.3)
84.8
(80.8–88.1)
83.6
(77.5–88.3)
77.6
(63.5–87.3)
91.1
(72.1–97.6)
Massachusetts
88.4
(86.1–90.3)
73.4
(65.8–79.8)
92.9
(90.2–94.9)
93.7
(91.9–95.1)
89.5
(86.7–91.8)
80.4
(69.5–88.1)
86.9
(80.3–91.5)
85.1
(78.9–89.7)
Michigan
84.7
(81.9–87.2)
65.6
(57.4–73.0)
92.8
(89.4–95.1)
90.6
(87.9–92.7)
84.8
(81.6–87.6)
85.8
(78.6–90.8)
78.5¶
(61.9–89.2)
NR
NR
Minnesota
86.8
(82.7–90.0)
76.4
(63.9–85.5)
92.8
(88.2–95.6)
89.2
(85.5–92.0)
87.8
(83.9–90.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Mississippi
86.4
(83.6–88.7)
80.4
(70.7–87.4)
90.3
(85.8–93.5)
84.7
(81.3–87.5)
84.8
(81.1–87.9)
89.6
(85.2–92.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Missouri
86.3
(82.8–89.1)
80.6
(68.2–88.9)
90.2
(85.8–93.4)
85.8
(81.7–89.1)
87.1
(83.4–90.1)
84.3
(70.8–92.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Montana
80.4
(75.9–84.3)
61.6
(46.9–74.4)
88.8
(83.4–92.6)
83.3
(79.0–86.8)
80.5
(75.6–84.6)
NR
NR
87.3
(77.2–93.3)
NR
NR
Nebraska
87.9
(85.3–90.1)
81.3
(71.2–88.5)
92.6
(90.1–94.4)
87.1
(84.6–89.3)
88.2
(85.3–90.6)
NR
NR
85.4
(71.4–93.2)
85.3
(77.2–90.8)
Nevada
82.9
(78.3–86.6)
64.8
(50.9–76.6)
92.0
(87.0–95.1)
83.8
(77.5–88.5)
85.4
(80.1–89.4)
NR
NR
70.9
(53.3–83.9)
80.0
(69.1–87.7)
New Hampshire
87.4
(84.0–90.1)
68.0
(54.0–79.3)
92.0
(88.2–94.7)
91.0
(88.0–93.3)
88.3
(84.9–91.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
New Jersey
81.5
(78.3–84.4)
62.4
(52.1–71.7)
84.2
(80.0–87.7)
89.1
(86.3–91.4)
82.7
(78.0–86.6)
87.9
(81.3–92.4)
70.2
(58.8–79.6)
80.1
(72.9–85.7)
New Mexico
81.5
(76.4–85.7)
60.3
(46.5–72.6)
91.1
(87.2–93.8)
87.6
(84.2–90.4)
83.4
(76.2–88.7)
NR
NR
73.6
(53.7–87.0)
83.2
(76.2–88.5)
New York
83.1
(79.9–85.9)
67.2
(57.9–75.4)
88.0
(83.5–91.4)
89.0
(85.8–91.5)
85.4
(81.9–88.3)
79.9
(70.5–86.8)
75.9
(61.9–85.9)
82.3
(71.5–89.6)
North Carolina
87.6
(85.3–89.6)
76.4
(68.2–83.0)
93.4
(90.7–95.4)
88.6
(86.3–90.6)
87.3
(84.3–89.8)
91.5
(86.6–94.7)
73.5
(60.2–83.5)
90.0
(83.7–94.0)
North Dakota
83.5
(78.8–87.4)
68.8
(56.8–78.7)
96.7
(93.3–98.4)
86.1
(81.7–89.6)
82.1
(76.8–86.5)
NR
NR
92.8
(82.7–97.2)
NR
NR
Ohio
85.0
(82.2–87.3)
74.7
(65.6–82.1)
90.5
(86.9–93.1)
86.0
(83.1–88.4)
84.2
(81.1–86.8)
90.0
(78.1–95.8)
86.0
(73.1–93.2)
NR
NR
Oklahoma
85.0
(82.5–87.1)
71.7
(62.6–79.4)
90.6
(87.5–93.0)
84.6
(81.3–87.5)
85.4
(82.3–88.1)
87.4
(79.2–92.7)
80.5
(73.5–86.0)
87.8
(79.4–93.1)
Oregon
80.1
(75.7–84.0)
60.7
(47.6–72.4)
86.8
(81.0–91.0)
86.0
(81.8–89.4)
78.8
(73.7–83.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
84.9
(72.3–92.3)
Pennsylvania
84.8
(81.9–87.3)
70.8
(61.9–78.4)
90.7
(87.0–93.4)
89.0
(86.2–91.3)
84.2
(80.9–87.0)
92.6
(84.8–96.6)
84.8
(67.8–93.6)
80.9
(62.7–91.5)
Rhode Island
86.1
(81.9–89.4)
69.5
(57.3–79.4)
92.8
(87.8–95.9)
92.4
(89.3–94.7)
87.7
(82.8–91.4)
NR
NR
NR
NR
83.3
(71.4–90.9)
South Carolina
87.5
(84.6–89.9)
69.3
(57.0–79.3)
92.3
(88.4–94.9)
88.6
(85.0–91.4)
86.1
(81.8–89.5)
91.3
(87.9–93.9)
86.3¶
(69.3–94.6)
NR
NR
South Dakota
85.2
(81.3–88.4)
74.7
(63.1–83.6)
92.0
(88.0–94.7)
87.2
(83.3–90.3)
86.6
(82.3–89.9)
NR
NR
80.4
(69.8–87.9)
NR
NR
Tennessee
85.0
(81.2–88.1)
76.2
(60.1–87.2)
87.0
(79.6–92.0)
85.5
(80.9–89.1)
84.2
(79.9–87.7)
86.2
(74.8–92.9)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Texas
82.2
(79.4–84.7)
72.0
(62.9–79.7)
86.9
(83.2–89.9)
83.9
(80.6–86.7)
83.1
(78.8–86.7)
87.4
(80.9–91.9)
68.1
(52.8–80.4)
82.1
(77.4–86.0)
Utah
73.0
(68.5–77.0)
43.1
(33.3–53.5)
89.3
(85.7–92.0)
81.1
(76.7–84.8)
72.4
(67.5–76.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
85.3
(73.8–92.3)
Vermont
87.1
(83.7–89.9)
73.5
(63.1–81.8)
94.6
(91.2–96.8)
90.7
(87.9–92.9)
87.5
(83.9–90.3)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Virginia
80.5
(74.4–85.4)
55.5
(40.2–69.7)
88.8
(83.3–92.7)
89.8
(85.9–92.7)
80.3
(72.7–86.2)
82.7
(62.5–93.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Washington
82.4
(80.4–84.2)
63.0
(56.9–68.8)
89.5
(87.1–91.4)
87.8
(86.0–89.4)
82.7
(80.5–84.7)
NR
NR
78.3
(70.9–84.3)
84.0
(77.9–88.7)
West Virginia
82.3
(78.2–85.8)
76.1
(63.1–85.5)
88.7
(83.5–92.4)
80.5
(75.3–84.8)
82.9
(78.7–86.4)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wisconsin
84.4
(80.4–87.7)
76.2
(64.1–85.2)
91.1
(85.8–94.5)
84.4
(79.7–88.1)
84.6
(80.2–88.2)
85.6
(72.3–93.1)
81.4¶
(59.7–92.8)
NR
NR
Wyoming
80.0
(76.6–82.9)
70.0
(59.9–78.5)
86.0
(82.1–89.2)
81.2
(77.6–84.3)
79.8
(76.3–82.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
89.4
(80.4–94.5)
Total**
84.2
(83.6–84.8)
68.6
(66.6–70.6)
89.7
(88.9–90.4)
88.2
(87.7–88.8)
84.6
(83.9–85.3)
87.4
(85.8–88.8)
77.6
(74.6–80.3)
83.5
(81.6–85.3)
Median
84.6
69.5
90.6
87.9
84.8
87.6
79.4
84.3
Minimum
73.0
43.1
84.0
80.5
72.4
73.6
64.8
78.7
Maximum
91.3
83.7
96.7
95.6
92.7
97.2
92.8
91.1
Abbreviation: NR = not reported (if <50 respondents).
* White = non-Hispanic white; Black = non-Hispanic black; Other = non-Hispanic other.
† Percentages and their associated confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for complex survey design and nonresponse.
§ 95% confidence interval.
¶ Represents 50–59 respondents; might not be reliable.
** Chi-square p-value significant at p<0.05 for age group and race/ethnicity.
TABLE 10. Estimated prevalence of women aged 18–44 years having a live birth who received preconception counseling from a health-care provider on at least five of 11 healthy lifestyle behaviors and prevention strategies before pregnancy, overall and by age group and race/ethnicity — Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, United States, four reporting areas, 2009
State
Total
Age group (yrs)
Race/Ethnicity*
18–24
25–34
35–44
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
%†
CI§
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
Maryland
19.8
(17.0–23.0)
19.4
(13.6–27.0)
19.7
(15.8–24.3)
20.9
(17.7–24.5)
18.2
(14.5–22.7)
20.6
(15.5–26.7)
19.0
(10.9–31.0)
24.4
(16.3–34.9)
Michigan
18.3
(16.2–20.6)
20.5
(16.6–24.9)
17.9
(15.1–21.1)
15.2
(10.4–21.5)
17.9
(15.3–20.9)
21.5
(18.3–25.1)
10.0
(4.7–20.3)
23.6¶
(13.1–38.8)
New Jersey
18.5
(16.4–20.8)
16.9
(12.8–22.0)
19.6
(16.9–22.7)
16.9
(12.7–22.0)
15.9
(12.9–19.4)
23.5
(18.3–29.5)
16.7
(12.9–21.4)
21.0
(16.9–25.8)
Ohio
17.7
(15.1–20.5)
16.9
(12.7–22.2)
18.9
(15.5–22.9)
13.7
(8.1–22.3)
17.8
(14.8–21.4)
19.3
(15.5–23.7)
20.2¶
(9.1–38.9)
NR
NR
Total
18.4
(17.1–19.7)
18.3
(15.9–21.0)
19.0
(17.3–20.8)
16.4
(13.8–19.3)
17.6
(15.9–19.4)
21.0
(18.7–23.5)
16.2
(12.5–20.8)
20.6
(17.1–24.6)
Median
18.4
18.2
19.3
16.0
17.9
21.0
17.9
23.6
Minimum
17.7
16.9
17.9
13.7
15.9
19.3
10.0
21.0
Maximum
19.8
20.5
19.7
20.9
18.2
23.5
20.2
24.4
Abbreviation: NR = not reported (if <30 respondents).
* White = non-Hispanic white; Black = non-Hispanic black; Other = non-Hispanic other.
† Percentages and their associated confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for complex survey design and nonresponse.
§ 95% confidence interval.
¶ Represents 30–59 respondents; might not be reliable.
TABLE 11. Estimated prevalence of women aged 18–44 years having a live birth who had a previous preterm birth (among multiparous women), overall and by age group and race/ethnicity — Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, United States, 29 reporting areas, 2009
State
Total
Age group (yrs)
Race/Ethnicity*
18–24
25–34
35–44
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
%†
CI§
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
Alaska
10.7
(8.2–13.7)
12.2
(7.7–18.8)
10.5
(7.5–14.6)
8.6
(4.1–17.1)
8.3
(5.5–12.2)
NR
NR
11.3
(8.2–15.5)
16.2¶
(6.3–35.8)
Arkansas
15.2
(11.9–19.2)
14.6
(9.5–21.8)
16.3
(11.8–22.0)
11.6
(5.2–23.8)
13.7
(10.1–18.5)
22.3
(13.6–34.4)
NR
NR
15.3
(7.5–28.8)
Colorado
13.5
(10.8–16.6)
16.5
(10.7–24.5)
13.4
(10.0–17.6)
10.7
(6.3–17.4)
12.7
(9.6–16.6)
NR
NR
14.5¶
(4.7–36.9)
14.9
(10.3–21.0)
Delaware
11.5
(9.3–14.2)
10.6
(6.7–16.4)
12.6
(9.6–16.4)
9.5
(5.6–15.6)
10.5
(7.7–14.3)
13.0
(8.8–18.8)
NR
NR
12.8
(7.7–20.5)
Georgia
12.3
(8.5–17.5)
12.4
(6.0–23.8)
13.8
(8.7–21.0)
5.0
(1.2–17.9)
14.0
(8.2–23.0)
8.3
(3.8–17.1)
NR
NR
15.3
(7.3–29.1)
Hawaii
14.4
(11.6–17.7)
18.6
(12.3–27.2)
12.8
(9.4–17.3)
14.3
(9.2–21.7)
8.1
(4.1–15.4)
NR
NR
16.0
(12.3–20.6)
16.0
(9.9–24.8)
Illinois
12.3
(10.3–14.8)
16.7
(11.5–23.6)
11.7
(9.2–14.9)
10.2
(6.5–15.8)
10.5
(8.0–13.8)
11.4
(6.8–18.6)
12.0¶
(5.5–24.1)
16.3
(12.0–21.8)
Maine
10.8
(8.2–14.0)
8.9
(4.2–17.8)
10.9
(7.8–15.2)
12.3
(6.9–21.2)
10.9
(8.2–14.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maryland
14.0
(10.9–17.7)
16.3
(9.5–26.5)
14.2
(10.0–19.9)
10.9
(8.3–14.2)
10.6
(7.1–15.6)
17.8
(12.1–25.3)
16.2
(6.1–36.3)
14.8
(7.5–27.1)
Massachusetts
11.1
(8.5–14.4)
10.3
(6.5–15.9)
12.3
(8.6–17.3)
8.9
(4.9–15.6)
7.9
(4.7–13.1)
20.1
(14.4–27.3)
10.1
(5.9–16.7)
19.0
(14.0–25.2)
Michigan
15.0
(12.6–17.9)
15.3
(10.7–21.4)
15.6
(12.4–19.5)
12.7
(8.1–19.3)
14.2
(11.1–17.8)
19.1
(15.2–23.7)
22.0¶
(11.1–39.0)
7.0¶
(2.4–18.8)
Minnesota
13.2
(10.7–16.1)
11.4
(6.4–19.3)
14.9
(11.8–18.8)
8.6
(4.9–14.7)
12.8
(10.1–16.1)
21.2
(11.8–35.1)
9.5
(4.4–19.3)
9.9
(4.3–20.9)
Mississippi
19.6
(16.4–23.2)
22.4
(16.8–29.2)
17.7
(13.8–22.5)
21.1
(12.3–33.9)
13.1
(9.4–17.8)
26.8
(21.6–32.7)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Missouri
15.0
(12.2–18.3)
16.8
(11.4–24.0)
14.5
(11.1–18.9)
13.5
(7.3–23.7)
12.0
(9.5–15.2)
34.2
(22.3–48.4)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Nebraska
12.3
(10.3–14.7)
16.0
(11.6–21.6)
11.3
(8.9–14.3)
11.7
(7.3–18.1)
10.2
(7.6–13.4)
23.5
(18.0–30.0)
18.0
(13.2–24.1)
14.9
(11.2–19.6)
New Jersey
12.4
(10.2–15.0)
17.8
(11.6–26.4)
12.9
(10.0–16.5)
8.3
(5.1–13.2)
9.1
(6.1–13.1)
14.3
(9.4–21.1)
13.4
(8.1–21.6)
15.5
(11.1–21.2)
Ohio
14.8
(11.9–18.2)
17.5
(11.4–25.8)
14.7
(11.2–19.2)
10.6
(5.6–19.2)
13.4
(10.1–17.6)
21.5
(16.8–27.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Oklahoma
10.6
(8.1–13.8)
14.4
(9.3–21.6)
9.1
(6.2–13.0)
8.0
(3.0–19.7)
8.5
(5.7–12.3)
12.0
(5.2–25.3)
15.0
(8.2–25.9)
13.5
(7.3–23.6)
Oregon
13.0
(10.0–16.7)
12.4
(6.8–21.6)
14.0
(10.1–18.9)
10.3
(5.3–19.2)
13.1
(9.0–18.6)
14.9
(9.6–22.3)
14.2
(10.9–18.3)
12.3
(8.7–17.0)
Pennsylvania
12.9
(10.1–16.3)
13.7
(7.9–22.7)
11.2
(7.9–15.6)
16.9
(10.9–25.2)
11.8
(8.7–15.6)
12.6
(6.2–24.0)
11.5¶
(5.0–24.1)
23.0¶
(11.3–40.9)
Rhode Island
11.4
(8.9–14.5)
9.0
(4.9–16.1)
11.9
(8.7–16.2)
12.0
(7.1–19.5)
9.3
(6.4–13.2)
24.0¶
(11.6–43.1)
21.3¶
(10.1–39.5)
11.9
(7.5–18.3)
Tennessee
14.0
(10.2–19.0)
15.0
(8.5–25.0)
13.7
(8.9–20.6)
13.5¶
(5.6–29.3)
12.1
(7.9–18.1)
20.9
(11.4–35.0)
NR
NR
17.9¶
(6.8–39.5)
Texas
18.3
(15.4–21.7)
21.4
(15.2–29.2)
17.9
(14.2–22.3)
15.3
(9.4–24.0)
16.1
(12.1–21.2)
21.0
(16.3–26.5)
14.7¶
(5.8–32.3)
19.4
(14.8–25.0)
Utah
11.5
(9.6–13.6)
17.9
(13.1–24.1)
9.9
(7.9–12.5)
10.7
(6.2–17.7)
10.9
(8.7–13.5)
NR
NR
21.0¶
(11.6–35.0)
10.6
(7.3–15.1)
Vermont
11.0
(8.6–14.0)
7.7
(3.6–15.4)
11.8
(8.7–15.9)
11.3
(6.8–18.2)
11.0
(8.5–14.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Washington
14.9
(11.9–18.6)
18.2
(11.6–27.3)
13.1
(9.6–17.7)
17.2
(10.4–27.1)
15.1
(10.8–20.6)
10.9
(6.4–18.1)
15.7
(10.0–23.9)
14.7
(10.5–20.2)
West Virginia
15.6
(12.9–18.8)
19.0
(14.2–25.1)
14.7
(11.2–19.1)
8.9
(4.3–17.5)
15.6
(12.8–18.8)
19.9¶
(7.9–41.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wisconsin
13.7
(10.6–17.4)
18.8
(11.3–29.6)
12.7
(9.2–17.3)
12.1
(6.3–21.9)
13.5
(9.7–18.6)
15.6
(10.4–22.9)
16.6
(9.5–27.6)
11.1
(6.7–17.7)
Wyoming
11.4
(8.9–14.5)
10.2
(6.2–16.1)
11.0
(7.9–15.1)
17.0¶
(8.8–30.3)
10.2
(7.4–14.0)
NR
NR
19.8¶
(11.7–31.7)
15.1
(10.3–21.5)
Total**
14.4
(13.5–15.2)
16.8
(14.9–18.9)
14.1
(13.1–15.2)
12.1
(10.4–14.0)
12.6
(11.7–13.6)
17.5
(15.8–19.5)
13.5
(11.4–16.0)
17.1
(14.7–19.9)
Median
13.0
15.3
12.9
11.3
11.8
19.5
15.0
14.9
Minimum
10.6
7.7
9.1
5.0
7.9
8.3
9.5
7.0
Maximum
19.6
22.4
17.9
21.1
16.1
34.2
22.0
23.0
Abbreviation: NR = not reported (if <30 respondents).
* White = non-Hispanic white; Black = non-Hispanic black; Other = non-Hispanic other.
† Percentages and their associated confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for complex survey design and nonresponse.
§ 95% confidence interval.
¶ Represents 30–59 respondents; might not be reliable.
** Chi-square p-value significant at p<0.05 for age group and race/ethnicity..
TABLE 12. Estimated prevalence of women aged 18–44 years having a live birth who reported a miscarriage, fetal death, or stillbirth in the 12 months before getting pregnant with their most recent live born infant, overall and by age group and race/ethnicity — Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, United States, two reporting areas, 2009
State
Total
Age group (yrs)
Race/Ethnicity*
18–24
25–34
35–44
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
%†
CI§
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
Delaware
18.2
(15.3–21.5)
13.6
(8.7–20.7)
17.0
(13.4–21.4)
25.5
(18.8–33.6)
17.5
(13.7–22.0)
20.8
(15.0–28.1)
NR
NR
13.8
(8.5–21.7)
Wisconsin
14.4
(11.4–18.0)
12.6
(7.2–21.3)
13.2
(9.7–17.6)
21.2
(13.3–32.0)
14.3
(10.5–19.1)
13.7
(8.9–20.6)
21.0
(12.9–32.2)
12.9
(8.4–19.3)
Total
14.9
(12.3–18.0)
12.8
(7.9–19.9)
13.6
(10.5–17.5)
21.9
(15.1–30.8)
14.6
(11.2–18.9)
15.7
(11.7–20.9)
21.8
(14.2–31.9)
13.0
(9.1–18.3)
Median
16.3
13.1
15.1
23.4
15.9
17.3
21.0
13.3
Minimum
14.4
12.6
13.2
21.2
14.3
13.7
21.0
12.9
Maximum
18.2
13.6
17.0
25.5
17.5
20.8
21.0
13.8
Abbreviation: NR = not reported (if <30 respondents).
* White = non-Hispanic white; Black = non-Hispanic black; Other = non-Hispanic other.
† Percentages and their associated confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for complex survey design and nonresponse.
§ 95% confidence interval.
TABLE 13. Estimated prevalence of women aged 18–44 years having a live birth who reported that the pregnancy was unintended (unwanted or wanted to be pregnant later), overall and by age group and race/ethnicity — Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, United States, 29 reporting areas, 2009
State
Total
Age group (yrs)
Race/Ethnicity*
18–24
25–34
35–44
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
%†
CI§
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
Alaska
40.8
(37.5–44.3)
52.8
(47.0–58.5)
32.5
(28.2–37.1)
42.3
(31.8–53.5)
34.9
(30.3–39.7)
58.2¶
(34.4–78.8)
50.5
(45.6–55.5)
39.8
(24.8–56.9)
Arkansas
50.7
(46.7–54.6)
63.7
(57.6–69.4)
41.9
(36.5–47.5)
43.3
(31.2–56.3)
47.5
(42.8–52.2)
69.0
(59.4–77.2)
63.8¶
(38.6–83.2)
35.9
(24.9–48.6)
Colorado
37.5
(34.4–40.6)
58.9
(52.7–64.8)
30.2
(26.5–34.2)
27.6
(20.8–35.7)
33.2
(29.6–37.0)
58.2¶
(33.6–79.3)
44.0
(31.3–57.6)
44.2
(38.0–50.6)
Delaware
50.0
(46.9–53.0)
68.3
(63.0–73.2)
43.1
(39.0–47.3)
38.5
(31.6–45.8)
43.8
(39.8–47.8)
66.7
(60.4–72.4)
37.5
(26.5–49.9)
50.5
(42.6–58.4)
Georgia
51.2
(46.2–56.2)
65.7
(57.6–73.0)
43.9
(37.1–50.9)
31.8
(19.7–47.1)
41.9
(34.7–49.4)
68.3
(59.8–75.8)
30.3¶
(14.8–52.2)
50.4
(38.6–62.1)
Hawaii
46.3
(43.1–49.5)
69.3
(63.9–74.2)
35.4
(31.3–39.8)
36.1
(29.1–43.7)
32.0
(25.9–38.8)
NR
NR
47.3
(43.2–51.5)
59.3
(51.9–66.3)
Illinois
43.2
(40.5–45.9)
68.4
(63.4–73.0)
36.0
(32.6–39.6)
24.4
(19.0–30.8)
34.7
(31.3–38.2)
75.4
(68.2–81.4)
27.9
(19.1–38.9)
45.4
(40.1–50.9)
Maine
38.3
(35.0–41.8)
58.1
(51.6–64.4)
29.8
(25.7–34.2)
28.2
(20.5–37.6)
38.1
(34.7–41.7)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maryland
44.6
(40.8–48.5)
69.0
(60.7–76.2)
39.2
(34.1–44.6)
26.9
(23.3–30.8)
31.2
(26.3–36.7)
67.3
(60.7–73.2)
37.7
(25.8–51.4)
40.7
(30.6–51.7)
Massachusetts
32.4
(29.1–35.8)
60.1
(52.7–67.0)
27.0
(23.1–31.3)
13.3
(9.0–19.3)
28.7
(24.2–33.6)
49.3
(43.5–55.2)
24.4
(19.7–29.8)
44.7
(39.5–50.0)
Michigan
42.8
(40.0–45.7)
62.9
(57.7–67.8)
35.2
(31.5–39.1)
28.9
(22.3–36.5)
38.6
(35.0–42.3)
61.0
(56.9–64.9)
34.4
(23.5–47.3)
48.0¶
(33.6–62.8)
Minnesota
34.8
(32.1–37.7)
55.7
(49.6–61.6)
29.2
(25.8–32.8)
25.3
(19.0–32.9)
30.8
(27.7–34.1)
57.2
(46.4–67.4)
36.1
(27.2–46.1)
43.1
(33.0–53.9)
Mississippi
56.1
(52.7–59.4)
66.6
(61.7–71.1)
48.7
(43.8–53.5)
37.2
(26.0–50.0)
43.7
(39.1–48.5)
71.0
(66.4–75.3)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Missouri
44.3
(41.0–47.6)
61.1
(55.5–66.4)
35.6
(31.4–40.1)
30.4
(22.2–40.1)
42.0
(38.5–45.6)
63.6
(52.9–73.2)
29.7¶
(14.3–51.8)
41.6¶
(25.5–59.8)
Nebraska
38.5
(35.9–41.3)
57.2
(52.0–62.2)
31.2
(27.9–34.8)
28.6
(22.1–36.2)
35.5
(32.1–39.1)
63.3
(57.6–68.6)
47.6
(42.0–53.2)
40.0
(35.1–45.1)
New Jersey
37.4
(34.8–40.1)
56.5
(50.2–62.5)
33.8
(30.5–37.2)
27.8
(22.5–33.7)
27.3
(23.5–31.4)
59.0
(52.5–65.3)
29.1
(23.8–35.2)
46.2
(40.7–51.8)
Ohio
47.9
(44.3–51.5)
68.6
(62.2–74.3)
39.7
(35.1–44.5)
30.3
(21.7–40.6)
43.6
(39.3–48.0)
68.6
(63.5–73.2)
47.9¶
(30.1–66.3)
NR
NR
Oklahoma
46.3
(42.6–50.0)
59.5
(53.6–65.1)
36.6
(31.8–41.8)
39.6
(27.8–52.6)
44.8
(40.2–49.5)
53.4
(39.6–66.7)
52.0
(42.4–61.4)
41.4
(32.2–51.2)
Oregon
40.3
(36.6–44.1)
57.4
(50.2–64.3)
33.9
(29.3–38.7)
34.7
(25.9–44.6)
38.7
(33.6–44.1)
54.5
(47.6–61.2)
36.3
(32.8–39.9)
46.3
(41.2–51.4)
Pennsylvania
40.9
(37.5–44.4)
61.9
(55.0–68.4)
33.4
(29.1–37.9)
27.4
(20.5–35.5)
36.5
(32.7–40.5)
61.9
(50.8–71.8)
39.1
(27.7–51.8)
49.7
(36.1–63.3)
Rhode Island
35.7
(32.6–39.0)
62.1
(55.4–68.4)
27.7
(24.0–31.8)
22.4
(16.5–29.8)
30.2
(26.3–34.4)
51.1
(37.3–64.7)
41.7
(30.9–53.4)
44.2
(37.5–51.2)
Tennessee
49.0
(44.1–54.0)
62.7
(54.7–70.0)
42.6
(35.8–49.7)
31.4
(20.2–45.2)
44.4
(38.6–50.4)
61.9
(50.1–72.4)
54.1¶
(32.7–74.1)
55.5¶
(37.7–72.0)
Texas
45.1
(41.9–48.3)
60.1
(54.5–65.4)
36.9
(32.7–41.2)
37.8
(29.6–46.8)
40.4
(35.9–45.0)
63.9
(58.9–68.5)
29.1
(18.1–43.3)
45.8
(40.5–51.1)
Utah
32.6
(30.1–35.2)
46.7
(41.9–51.5)
27.0
(23.9–30.2)
23.2
(16.4–31.8)
29.0
(26.2–32.0)
NR
NR
42.5
(30.6–55.4)
44.7
(38.9–50.7)
Vermont
37.1
(34.1–40.2)
63.1
(56.9–69.0)
30.1
(26.4–34.0)
20.4
(15.1–27.0)
36.7
(33.6–39.9)
NR
NR
42.0¶
(27.2–58.4)
NR
NR
Washington
37.5
(34.3–40.9)
55.4
(49.1–61.5)
30.2
(26.2–34.5)
23.1
(16.8–30.9)
33.4
(28.8–38.3)
58.9
(52.3–65.1)
40.0
(34.5–45.8)
45.7
(40.2–51.2)
West Virginia
46.4
(43.3–49.5)
58.0
(53.3–62.5)
37.6
(33.3–42.0)
33.9
(24.2–45.2)
46.1
(43.0–49.3)
67.8
(48.2–82.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wisconsin
34.7
(31.3–38.3)
55.2
(47.9–62.2)
28.8
(24.7–33.4)
18.4
(11.9–27.2)
29.2
(24.9–33.9)
67.6
(61.0–73.6)
38.9
(30.0–48.6)
40.6
(33.9–47.6)
Wyoming
41.4
(37.5–45.4)
55.7
(49.0–62.2)
34.5
(29.5–39.8)
24.1
(14.6–36.9)
40.7
(36.0–45.4)
NR
NR
38.2
(28.8–48.5)
47.2
(40.6–53.8)
Total**
42.9
(42.0–43.8)
61.6
(59.9–63.2)
35.4
(34.3–36.6)
29.2
(27.1–31.5)
37.3
(36.3–38.4)
65.2
(63.3–67.2)
37.9
(35.3–40.5)
45.9
(43.2–48.7)
Median
41.4
60.1
34.5
28.6
36.7
62.6
39.0
45.1
Minimum
32.4
46.7
27.0
13.3
27.3
49.3
24.4
35.9
Maximum
56.1
69.3
48.7
43.3
47.5
75.4
63.8
59.3
Abbreviation: NR = not reported (if <30 respondents).
* White = non-Hispanic white; Black = non-Hispanic black; Other = non-Hispanic other.
† Percentages and their associated confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for complex survey design and nonresponse.
§ 95% confidence interval.
¶ Represents 30–59 respondents; might not be reliable.
** Chi-square p-value significant at p<0.05 for age group and race/ethnicity.
TABLE 14. Estimated prevalence of women aged 18–44 years having a live birth who reported not using contraception at time of conception (among those not trying to get pregnant), overall and by age group and race/ethnicity — Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, United States, 29 reporting areas, 2009
State
Total
Age group (yrs)
Race/Ethnicity*
18–24
25–34
35–44
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
%†
CI§
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
Alaska
58.0
(52.9–62.9)
52.9
(45.2–60.5)
60.2
(52.9–67.0)
70.5
(53.5–83.2)
55.2
(47.3–62.9)
NR
NR
61.6
(55.3–67.5)
42.3¶
(21.3–66.5)
Arkansas
56.0
(50.6–61.1)
55.0
(47.4–62.5)
58.7
(50.6–66.4)
46.8¶
(29.9–64.4)
55.2
(48.7–61.5)
58.2
(46.9–68.7)
NR
NR
64.5¶
(45.8–79.5)
Colorado
47.9
(43.2–52.7)
47.8
(40.2–55.4)
47.4
(40.8–54.1)
50.8
(36.8–64.6)
51.7
(45.7–57.7)
NR
NR
44.0¶
(27.0–62.4)
40.9
(32.7–49.6)
Delaware
55.2
(51.1–59.2)
59.9
(53.4–66.1)
52.7
(46.7–58.7)
50.0
(39.3–60.7)
53.3
(47.6–59.0)
61.4
(53.7–68.5)
NR
NR
50.2
(40.0–60.4)
Georgia
47.3
(41.0–53.7)
52.2
(42.8–61.4)
41.5
(32.5–51.1)
48.9¶
(28.3–69.9)
46.8
(36.5–57.4)
47.6
(38.1–57.3)
NR
NR
42.5
(27.7–58.8)
Hawaii
55.2
(50.9–59.4)
52.0
(45.4–58.5)
57.1
(50.6–63.4)
59.4
(48.3–69.6)
42.8
(32.8–53.4)
NR
NR
60.5
(55.0–65.6)
46.3
(37.2–55.6)
Illinois
50.1
(46.2–54.1)
54.1
(48.0–60.1)
46.9
(41.1–52.7)
48.5
(37.4–59.7)
53.8
(48.2–59.4)
50.6
(42.1–59.2)
66.1¶
(46.7–81.3)
40.9
(33.6–48.6)
Maine
55.1
(50.0–60.1)
53.3
(45.5–60.8)
58.4
(50.7–65.7)
49.2
(34.8–63.7)
55.2
(50.0–60.3)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maryland
50.4
(44.9–55.8)
52.6
(42.8–62.3)
47.1
(39.3–55.1)
56.8
(49.9–63.5)
51.5
(42.5–60.5)
51.4
(43.0–59.6)
35.0¶
(18.8–55.6)
50.5
(36.2–64.7)
Massachusetts
53.6
(48.0–59.1)
56.3
(47.2–65.1)
51.8
(43.9–59.6)
52.1
(37.0–66.8)
53.2
(44.6–61.5)
56.7
(49.1–63.9)
64.1
(53.4–73.5)
49.1
(41.8–56.4)
Michigan
56.0
(52.0–60.0)
56.9
(50.7–62.9)
56.2
(50.3–61.9)
52.5
(40.9–63.8)
56.1
(50.6–61.5)
58.5
(53.7–63.2)
53.5¶
(36.5–69.7)
45.6¶
(27.1–65.3)
Minnesota
55.2
(50.5–59.8)
55.1
(47.3–62.6)
52.7
(46.2–59.1)
66.1
(52.9–77.3)
57.9
(52.2–63.4)
53.1
(40.0–65.7)
54.7
(39.8–68.8)
39.0¶
(25.9–53.8)
Mississippi
57.2
(53.0–61.3)
55.5
(49.6–61.3)
59.2
(52.6–65.5)
57.5
(41.4–72.2)
59.9
(53.2–66.2)
55.1
(49.4–60.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Missouri
53.5
(48.8–58.1)
53.8
(46.9–60.6)
52.4
(45.5–59.3)
56.6
(42.6–69.7)
53.7
(48.6–58.8)
51.0
(38.7–63.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Nebraska
52.1
(48.0–56.1)
54.1
(47.6–60.3)
52.3
(46.4–58.0)
44.0
(32.6–56.0)
54.0
(48.4–59.6)
53.6
(46.8–60.2)
52.9
(45.5–60.1)
42.1
(35.3–49.2)
New Jersey
53.8
(49.7–57.9)
56.8
(49.2–64.2)
51.6
(45.9–57.3)
55.0
(45.0–64.5)
59.4
(52.0–66.4)
60.2
(52.2–67.8)
53.5
(42.0–64.6)
43.2
(36.1–50.7)
Ohio
55.2
(50.3–60.0)
61.1
(53.6–68.1)
50.0
(43.0–57.0)
55.2
(40.4–69.2)
54.7
(48.5–60.8)
54.3
(48.3–60.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Oklahoma
55.9
(50.8–60.9)
60.1
(52.8–67.0)
53.0
(45.3–60.6)
45.3
(29.0–62.7)
57.7
(51.1–64.0)
51.9
(35.5–67.8)
51.2
(39.0–63.3)
57.6
(44.4–69.9)
Oregon
46.9
(41.5–52.5)
53.7
(44.5–62.6)
46.4
(38.8–54.1)
28.7
(18.0–42.4)
48.5
(40.7–56.5)
58.6
(49.6–67.1)
55.5
(50.1–60.9)
37
(30.4–44.1)
Pennsylvania
57.6
(52.4–62.6)
57.3
(48.7–65.4)
55.1
(47.6–62.3)
67.2
(54.4–77.8)
57.4
(51.3–63.3)
62.0
(48.5–73.8)
68.1¶
(49.9–82.1)
40.8¶
(24.7–59.2)
Rhode Island
49.5
(44.4–54.6)
52.6
(44.3–60.7)
45.3
(38.1–52.6)
56.5
(42.1–69.8)
50.7
(43.5–57.9)
44.9¶
(27.8–63.3)
73.3¶
(57.6–84.7)
37.7
(28.8–47.5)
Tennessee
53.2
(46.7–59.6)
53.9
(44.2–63.3)
53.5
(43.6–63.0)
49.0¶
(29.9–68.3)
54.0
(45.9–61.9)
52.9
(39.8–65.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Texas
52.4
(48.0–56.8)
53.6
(46.9–60.1)
53.7
(47.0–60.2)
42.6
(30.5–55.8)
56.3
(49.6–62.8)
59.7
(53.6–65.5)
NR
NR
47.6
(40.4–54.9)
Utah
52.0
(47.6–56.3)
55.2
(48.4–61.7)
49.4
(43.1–55.7)
52.0
(37.8–65.9)
54.4
(48.9–59.9)
NR
NR
43.1¶
(26.6–61.4)
45.3
(37.4–53.5)
Vermont
49.6
(44.8–54.3)
48.1
(40.4–55.9)
52.2
(45.4–58.8)
44.2¶
(32.2–57.0)
49.4
(44.4–54.4)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Washington
46.7
(41.7–51.8)
49.6
(41.8–57.4)
42.4
(35.3–49.7)
52.2
(37.4–66.6)
48.7
(40.8–56.7)
45.7
(37.8–53.7)
48.6
(40.4–57.0)
40.4
(33.2–47.9)
West Virginia
58.1
(54.0–62.2)
56.1
(50.5–61.6)
59.0
(52.3–65.4)
70.2
(53.8–82.6)
57.8
(53.5–62.0)
63.2¶
(42.7–79.9)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wisconsin
49.0
(43.3–54.6)
49.4
(40.5–58.4)
50.1
(42.2–58.0)
41.4¶
(25.3–59.6)
46.7
(38.9–54.7)
57.3
(49.2–65.1)
51.5¶
(37.0–65.7)
48.7
(38.8–58.7)
Wyoming
49.2
(43.4–55.0)
47.8
(39.2–56.5)
49.3
(41.2–57.5)
NR
NR
48.3
(41.2–55.4)
NR
NR
63.8¶
(49.3–76.2)
49.7
(41.2–58.2)
Total**
52.6
(51.3–53.9)
54.5
(52.5–56.6)
51.1
(49.2–53.0)
51.3
(47.5–55.1)
54.1
(52.5–55.8)
54.5
(52.0–57.0)
55.4
(51.5–59.3)
45.9
(42.2–49.6)
Median
53.5
53.9
52.3
52.0
54.0
54.7
54.1
44.3
Minimum
46.7
47.8
41.5
28.7
42.8
44.9
35.0
37.0
Maximum
58.1
61.1
60.2
70.5
59.9
63.2
73.3
64.5
Abbreviation: NR = not reported (if <30 respondents).
* White = non-Hispanic white; Black = non-Hispanic black; Other = non-Hispanic other.
† Percentages and their associated confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for complex survey design and nonresponse.
§ 95% confidence interval.
¶ Represents 30–59 respondents; might not be reliable.
** Chi-square p-value significant at p<0.05 for age group and race/ethnicity.
TABLE 15. Estimated prevalence of women aged 18–44 years having a live birth who reported postpartum contraceptive use, overall and by age group and race/ethnicity — Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System–United States, 29 reporting areas, 2009
State
Total
Age group (yrs)
Race/Ethnicity*
18–24
25–34
35–44
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
%†
CI§
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
Alaska
83.2
(80.5–85.6)
80.6
(75.8–84.6)
84.1
(80.4–87.2)
87.7
(79.4–92.9)
86.9
(83.2–89.8)
84.2¶
(58.0–95.4)
74.9
(70.4–79.0)
90.1
(74.6–96.6)
Arkansas
85.6
(82.7–88.1)
82.1
(77.0–86.3)
87.3
(83.2–90.5)
91.7
(83.3–96.0)
87.1
(83.8–89.8)
82.6
(74.5–88.6)
NR
NR
83.8
(72.9–90.9)
Colorado
88.0
(85.8–89.9)
89.0
(84.9–92.0)
87.8
(84.7–90.2)
87.3
(81.5–91.5)
86.9
(84.1–89.2)
81.2¶
(54.7–93.9)
89.5
(78.6–95.2)
90.5
(86.3–93.5)
Delaware
83.6
(81.2–85.7)
84.8
(80.4–88.4)
85.4
(82.2–88.1)
75.4
(68.6–81.2)
84.5
(81.4–87.2)
85.7
(80.6–89.6)
70.9
(58.7–80.6)
81.3
(74.1–86.8)
Georgia
85.9
(82.1–89.1)
85.3
(78.4–90.3)
87.8
(82.3–91.7)
79.7
(65.8–88.9)
89.1
(83.8–92.9)
87.3
(80.5–92.0)
80.2¶
(56.5–92.7)
78.1
(66.3–86.6)
Hawaii
79.4
(76.7–81.9)
79.7
(74.5–84.0)
79.7
(75.9–83.1)
77.7
(70.7–83.4)
84.1
(78.4–88.5)
76.6¶
(53.6–90.3)
77.2
(73.6–80.6)
81.7
(74.9–87.0)
Illinois
84.1
(82.0–86.0)
88.4
(84.6–91.4)
82.7
(79.8–85.2)
81.6
(75.8–86.3)
83.8
(81.0–86.3)
79.7
(72.8–85.2)
79.5
(69.2–87.0)
88.8
(84.8–91.8)
Maine
86.6
(84.0–88.8)
88.2
(83.4–91.8)
84.9
(81.3–87.9)
90.2
(82.7–94.6)
86.6
(83.9–88.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maryland
83.6
(80.6–86.2)
85.2
(78.0–90.3)
84.0
(79.7–87.5)
79.9
(76.3–83.1)
83.6
(79.3–87.2)
82.3
(76.2–87.1)
82.8
(72.5–89.8)
86.9
(78.4–92.4)
Massachusetts
84.2
(81.4–86.5)
91.1
(86.9–94.1)
85.4
(82.0–88.3)
70.5
(62.2–77.7)
85.0
(81.1–88.2)
83.4
(78.6–87.2)
77.4
(72.4–81.7)
84.8
(80.6–88.3)
Michigan
86.2
(84.0–88.1)
88.4
(84.9–91.2)
85.6
(82.4–88.2)
84.0
(77.3–89.0)
86.8
(84.0–89.1)
83.7
(80.3–86.6)
82.1
(70.3–89.8)
91.0¶
(79.6–96.4)
Minnesota
86.1
(84.0–88.0)
89.3
(85.2–92.4)
86.2
(83.4–88.6)
80.3
(73.6–85.7)
86.2
(83.7–88.4)
92.0
(85.6–95.7)
76.5
(66.5–84.1)
86.6
(77.6–92.3)
Mississippi
88.8
(86.5–90.8)
89.8
(86.4–92.4)
88.9
(85.4–91.6)
81.5
(69.5–89.4)
87.9
(84.4–90.7)
90.5
(87.2–93.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Missouri
85.4
(82.9–87.6)
84.8
(80.4–88.5)
85.8
(82.3–88.7)
85.2
(76.8–90.9)
86.2
(83.5–88.5)
84.5
(75.4–90.6)
77.7¶
(58.2–89.7)
76.4¶
(56.9–88.8)
Nebraska
85.4
(83.4–87.3)
82.2
(78.0–85.7)
86.9
(84.3–89.2)
85.9
(79.8–90.4)
86.4
(83.8–88.7)
83.3
(78.5–87.2)
79.5
(74.3–83.8)
84.1
(79.7–87.7)
New Jersey
74.9
(72.4–77.3)
71.2
(65.2–76.6)
76.4
(73.2–79.3)
74.5
(68.5–79.7)
73.6
(69.5–77.3)
74.6
(68.4–80.0)
69.2
(63.3–74.6)
80.0
(75.1–84.2)
Ohio
85.3
(82.6–87.6)
88.5
(83.9–91.9)
83.6
(79.7–86.9)
84.5
(76.0–90.4)
85.4
(82.0–88.2)
83.5
(79.2–87.0)
84.2¶
(67.7–93.1)
NR
NR
Oklahoma
86.5
(83.9–88.8)
87.2
(82.9–90.5)
85.3
(81.3–88.6)
91.0
(83.4–95.3)
86.2
(82.8–89.1)
81.5
(69.6–89.5)
85.1
(76.8–90.7)
93.5
(87.7–96.7)
Oregon
90.1
(87.8–92.0)
90.6
(86.4–93.7)
90.9
(87.9–93.3)
85.7
(77.1–91.4)
91.8
(88.4–94.3)
85.1
(79.4–89.4)
79.2
(75.8–82.2)
90.2
(86.7–92.9)
Pennsylvania
85.4
(82.7–87.7)
84.6
(78.7–89.1)
86.4
(82.9–89.2)
83.2
(76.3–88.3)
87.1
(84.2–89.5)
83.2
(73.8–89.7)
73.5
(60.4–83.4)
83.7
(70.8–91.6)
Rhode Island
88.6
(86.3–90.5)
89.5
(84.4–93.0)
89.6
(86.7–91.9)
83.3
(76.4–88.4)
88.6
(85.6–91.0)
90.7
(80.6–95.8)
86.3
(76.2–92.6)
88.8
(83.6–92.5)
Tennessee
86.4
(82.7–89.5)
84.7
(78.0–89.7)
88.7
(83.4–92.5)
83.0
(70.9–90.7)
88.0
(83.6–91.3)
88.7
(79.7–94.1)
83.9¶
(62.7–94.2)
71.0¶
(52.4–84.5)
Texas
84.6
(82.2–86.8)
86.3
(82.3–89.5)
83.4
(79.8–86.4)
85.2
(77.9–90.4)
83.9
(80.2–87.1)
81.4
(77.1–85.0)
78.6
(65.0–87.9)
86.2
(82.1–89.5)
Utah
90.1
(88.4–91.6)
89.6
(86.5–92.1)
91.0
(88.7–92.8)
86.2
(78.5–91.4)
92.0
(90.1–93.6)
NR
NR
82.9
(71.3–90.5)
85.2
(80.7–88.9)
Vermont
86.4
(84.1–88.4)
84.3
(79.2–88.3)
88.1
(85.2–90.5)
84.1
(78.2–88.7)
86.3
(83.9–88.3)
NR
NR
83.3¶
(67.6–92.3)
NR
NR
Washington
87.8
(85.4–89.8)
88.0
(83.3–91.6)
89.6
(86.6–92.0)
80.5
(73.0–86.3)
88.7
(85.1–91.5)
85.8
(80.7–89.7)
80.7
(76.0–84.7)
91.5
(87.8–94.1)
West Virginia
86.5
(84.3–88.5)
84.4
(80.7–87.5)
88.3
(85.1–90.8)
88.1
(78.9–93.6)
86.8
(84.5–88.8)
80.5
(60.9–91.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wisconsin
84.3
(81.4–86.8)
82.6
(76.6–87.3)
85.0
(81.1–88.1)
84.8
(76.5–90.4)
85.4
(81.6–88.5)
84.3
(78.7–88.7)
69.4
(59.8–77.6)
83.7
(77.9–88.2)
Wyoming
87.9
(85.3–90.1)
89.4
(84.9–92.7)
87.0
(83.4–89.9)
87.3
(76.1–93.7)
89.5
(86.4–91.9)
NR
NR
74.8
(64.6–82.8)
84.1
(78.9–88.2)
Total**
85.1
(84.5–85.7)
86.2
(85.0–87.2)
85.2
(84.3–86.0)
82.4
(80.6–84.0)
85.9
(85.2–86.7)
83.7
(82.2–85.2)
78.7
(76.4–80.8)
85.7
(83.7–87.5)
Median
85.9
86.3
86.2
84.1
86.6
83.5
79.5
85.0
Minimum
74.9
71.2
76.4
70.5
73.6
74.6
69.2
71.0
Maximum
90.1
91.1
91.0
91.7
92.0
92.0
89.5
93.5
Abbreviation: NR = not reported (if <30 respondents).
* White = non-Hispanic white; Black = non-Hispanic black; Other = non-Hispanic other.
† Percentages and their associated confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for complex survey design and nonresponse.
§ 95% confidence interval.
¶ Represents 30–59 respondents; might not be reliable.
** Chi-square p-value significant at p<0.05 for age group and race/ethnicity.
TABLE 16. Estimated prevalence of women aged 18–44 years having a live birth who used fertility drugs or received any medical procedures from a doctor, nurse, or other health-care worker to help them get pregnant (among those trying to get pregnant at the time of conception), overall and by age group and race/ethnicity — Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, United States, eight reporting areas, 2009
State
Total
Age group (yrs)
Race/Ethnicity*
18–24
25–34
35–44
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
%†
CI§
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
Alaska
11.7
(9.1–14.9)
1.1
(0.3– 3.6)
10.3
(7.3–14.3)
24.8
(17.2–34.2)
12.8
(9.5–17.0)
13.6
(7.4–23.7)
11.4¶
(4.3–26.9)
3.7
(1.2–10.6)
Arkansas
10.9
(8.8–13.4)
1.2
(0.2– 8.2)
10.0
(7.7–13.0)
20.3
(14.4–27.8)
12.8
(10.1–16.1)
9.2¶
(3.0–25.1)
14.9
(7.7–26.7)
5.0
(2.6– 9.5)
Colorado
13.2
(10.1–16.9)
0.6
(0.1– 2.2)
13.3
(9.2–18.9)
19.6
(15.8–24.1)
14.4
(10.5–19.4)
10.0
(5.2–18.2)
19.1
(8.8–36.8)
6.9
(2.0–21.0)
Delaware
15.5
(12.3–19.4)
0.4
(0.1– 2.9)
12.7
(9.2–17.3)
32.1
(23.5–42.2)
17.3
(13.0–22.6)
12.6
(7.7–20.0)
14.7
(10.6–20.1)
6.2
(3.4–11.0)
Georgia
9.2
(7.0–12.1)
5.0
(2.1–11.4)
8.0
(5.5–11.6)
18.1
(11.2–27.8)
9.7
(7.1–13.2)
4.6
(2.0–10.3)
12.6¶
(4.4–31.0)
NR
NR
Hawaii
9.6
(7.2–12.8)
8.3
(4.0–16.4)
9.5
(6.6–13.4)
12.9
(6.6–23.6)
9.8
(7.3–13.0)
13.8¶
(3.6–40.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Illinois
10.1
(8.0–12.8)
4.1
(1.8– 8.9)
10.1
(7.5–13.5)
19.2
(12.2–28.9)
11.8
(9.1–15.2)
6.0
(2.5–13.9)
6.3
(4.0– 9.6)
3.0
(1.3– 6.7)
Maine
8.3
(6.6–10.5)
6.4
(3.5–11.4)
9.3
(7.1–12.0)
6.4
(2.6–15.0)
8.6
(6.7–11.1)
NR
NR
8.5¶
(2.6–24.0)
7.1
(3.6–13.4)
Total**
11.1
(10.0–12.2)
3.9
(2.7– 5.8)
10.3
(9.1–11.7)
20.7
(17.6–24.1)
12.0
(10.8–13.4)
9.4
(6.4–13.7)
13.5
(9.9–18.2)
5.5
(3.8– 8.0)
Median
10.5
2.7
10.1
19.4
12.3
10.0
12.6
5.6
Minimum
8.3
0.4
8.0
6.4
8.6
4.6
6.3
3.0
Maximum
15.5
8.3
13.3
32.1
17.3
13.8
19.1
7.1
Abbreviation: NR = not reported (if <30 respondents).
* White = non-Hispanic white; Black = non-Hispanic black; Other = non-Hispanic other.
† Percentages and their associated confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for complex survey design and nonresponse.
§ 95% confidence interval.
¶ Represents 30–59 respondents; might not be reliable.
** Chi-square p-value significant at p<0.05 for age group and race/ethnicity.
TABLE 17. Estimated prevalence of women aged 18–44 years who currently smoke cigarettes everyday or some days,* overall and by age group and race/ethnicity — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2009
State
Total
Age group (yrs)
Race/Ethnicity†
18–24
25–34
35–44
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
%§
CI¶
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
Alabama
23.6
(20.4–27.2)
23.0
(15.0–33.5)
23.0
(18.2–28.6)
24.4
(19.7–29.9)
27.8
(23.5–32.6)
13.2
(9.4–18.4)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Alaska
20.0
(15.1–26.0)
27.4
(15.0–44.8)
17.7
(10.7–28.0)
17.3
(12.4–23.7)
15.8
(10.6–22.9)
NR
NR
27.1
(16.7–40.9)
NR
NR
Arizona
15.1
(11.1–20.2)
23.2**
(9.2–47.4)
17.7
(12.2–25.1)
8.9
(5.6–14.0)
15.5
(10.9–21.5)
NR
NR
20.3
(11.2–34.1)
14.0
(6.4–28.1)
Arkansas
27.7
(22.8–33.2)
28.6**
(16.7–44.4)
31.0
(22.7–40.7)
23.7
(18.6–29.6)
30.0
(24.4–36.2)
12.8
(6.7–23.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
California
10.2
(8.8–11.8)
10.9
(7.6–15.4)
10.9
(8.8–13.5)
9.0
(7.4–10.9)
15.2
(12.8–18.1)
18.0
(9.0–32.7)
7.8
(4.3–13.7)
6.3
(4.8– 8.4)
Colorado
16.4
(14.1–18.9)
21.0
(14.4–29.5)
17.5
(14.2–21.3)
12.7
(10.5–15.2)
17.4
(14.8–20.4)
NR
NR
16.6
(8.0–31.2)
12.7
(8.3–18.9)
Connecticut
19.3
(15.6–23.6)
25.7
(14.7–41.1)
19.7
(14.2–26.6)
16.0
(12.5–20.1)
20.0
(15.7–25.0)
28.6
(11.8–54.3)
9.2
(3.7–21.1)
16.0
(8.8–27.4)
Delaware
19.2
(15.5–23.6)
21.3
(12.0–34.9)
19.9
(14.8–26.3)
17.1
(12.9–22.3)
22.8
(18.1–28.3)
9.5
(5.6–15.7)
NR
NR
NR
NR
D.C.
15.6
(12.7–19.1)
NR
NR
14.8
(10.8–20.0)
18.7
(14.3–24.0)
8.7
(5.7–13.1)
23.1
(17.8–29.4)
12.8**
(5.3–27.7)
NR
NR
Florida
18.8
(15.8–22.2)
27.9
(16.8–42.5)
16.2
(12.1–21.4)
18.3
(14.6–22.8)
23.2
(19.4–27.6)
10.9
(6.5–17.9)
23.3
(12.2–40.0)
13.7
(7.3–24.3)
Georgia
16.6
(13.9–19.7)
20.3
(11.6–33.1)
17.1
(12.9–22.4)
14.8
(11.8–18.3)
21.1
(17.2–25.7)
11.4
(7.8–16.4)
21.8**
(10.0–41.1)
2.8**
(0.7– 9.9)
Hawaii
17.5
(14.7–20.8)
18.3
(11.9–27.2)
17.2
(12.8–22.8)
17.3
(13.7–21.6)
22.2
(15.8–30.2)
NR
NR
15.1
(12.0–18.7)
29.1
(18.4–42.8)
Idaho
14.1
(11.3–17.5)
13.2
(6.8–24.0)
18.1
(13.3–24.1)
9.9
(7.3–13.3)
14.6
(11.5–18.3)
NR
NR
NR
NR
5.6
(2.4–12.6)
Illinois
19.2
(16.4–22.4)
18.7
(12.4–27.3)
22.6
(17.9–28.3)
16.4
(13.1–20.4)
22.7
(19.0–26.8)
15.8
(9.8–24.5)
16.3**
(8.4–29.5)
10.9
(5.6–20.2)
Indiana
27.0
(23.9–30.2)
21.9
(14.9–31.0)
31.9
(27.2–37.1)
25.7
(22.2–29.6)
27.7
(24.4–31.4)
27.7
(18.5–39.3)
NR
NR
14.8
(7.3–27.9)
Iowa
19.3
(16.1–23.0)
17.1
(9.8–27.9)
24.2
(19.4–29.8)
16.6
(13.0–20.9)
19.7
(16.4–23.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Kansas
20.2
(18.3–22.2)
20.3
(15.3–26.4)
22.0
(19.2–25.1)
18.3
(16.4–20.5)
19.6
(17.6–21.7)
31.5
(21.7–43.2)
27.5
(18.2–39.3)
13.3
(8.2–20.9)
Kentucky
30.5
(27.0–34.4)
37.0
(25.6–50.1)
30.4
(25.0–36.4)
28.3
(23.9–33.1)
31.1
(27.3–35.1)
21.1
(10.6–37.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Louisiana
22.3
(19.8–25.1)
19.8
(13.9–27.3)
25.7
(21.1–30.8)
20.6
(17.3–24.2)
27.3
(23.9–31.1)
12.1
(8.8–16.4)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maine
20.1
(17.4–23.2)
17.5
(10.9–26.9)
22.2
(17.7–27.4)
20.1
(17.0–23.7)
19.8
(17.1–22.9)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maryland
15.0
(12.7–17.7)
16.2
(10.3–24.5)
15.3
(11.8–19.5)
14.2
(11.4–17.6)
18.6
(15.3–22.4)
13.0
(8.9–18.5)
15.3
(8.0–27.2)
3.1
(1.0– 9.1)
Massachusetts
17.2
(14.9–19.7)
20.6
(14.5–28.4)
15.5
(12.3–19.3)
16.4
(13.9–19.3)
17.5
(14.8–20.5)
19.5
(12.5–29.1)
8.2
(5.1–13.1)
16.9
(11.6–24.1)
Michigan
21.2
(18.6–24.2)
16.4
(11.3–23.4)
26.2
(21.3–31.9)
19.6
(16.4–23.2)
21.6
(18.6–24.9)
21.0
(14.9–28.8)
15.5
(6.5–32.4)
NR
NR
Minnesota
19.1
(15.7–23.0)
22.0
(13.4–33.9)
19.8
(15.0–25.6)
16.5
(13.2–20.5)
18.5
(15.1–22.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Mississippi
22.2
(19.6–25.2)
19.2
(13.1–27.4)
25.4
(21.1–30.2)
20.0
(16.8–23.8)
26.8
(23.0–31.0)
15.9
(12.6–20.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Missouri
24.8
(20.6–29.6)
29.7
(17.8–45.3)
27.4
(21.1–34.9)
19.5
(15.2–24.7)
25.3
(20.7–30.6)
16.2
(8.7–28.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Montana
21.3
(17.9–25.3)
22.3
(13.7–34.1)
22.9
(17.7–29.0)
19.3
(15.5–23.7)
19.4
(15.7–23.7)
NR
NR
37.6
(26.8–49.9)
NR
NR
Nebraska
18.5
(15.3–22.1)
12.3
(6.8–21.3)
23.1
(17.6–29.6)
16.1
(12.6–20.3)
18.2
(14.8–22.1)
NR
NR
56.7
(37.1–74.5)
6.9
(2.9–15.3)
Nevada
22.3
(17.3–28.2)
18.7**
(10.5–31.1)
21.6
(13.5–32.9)
24.6
(17.9–32.8)
26.7
(19.9–34.8)
NR
NR
22.2**
(9.0–45.1)
13.1
(6.9–23.5)
New Hampshire
17.7
(14.5–21.5)
26.4
(15.9–40.4)
12.9
(9.0–18.1)
17.8
(14.3–22.0)
17.1
(14.1–20.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
New Jersey
15.5
(13.4–17.9)
14.2
(8.7–22.4)
16.7
(13.5–20.4)
15.3
(13.0–17.9)
18.5
(15.7–21.8)
13.3
(8.7–19.8)
8.1
(2.8–20.9)
11.9
(8.3–16.9)
New Mexico
17.1
(14.2–20.5)
17.6
(10.5–27.9)
19.6
(15.2–25.0)
14.3
(11.4–17.7)
18.8
(14.2–24.5)
NR
NR
13.4
(7.4–22.9)
15.8
(11.8–20.7)
New York
20.7
(17.8–23.9)
21.7
(14.6–30.9)
21.8
(17.4–27.0)
19.0
(15.5–23.0)
25.4
(21.4–29.8)
15.7
(9.5–24.8)
14.5
(7.9–25.2)
13.8
(8.5–21.5)
North Carolina
20.5
(18.0–23.3)
19.4
(13.0–27.8)
24.0
(19.9–28.6)
18.3
(15.4–21.5)
22.1
(19.0–25.5)
22.1
(16.0–29.7)
19.3
(11.7–30.3)
6.9
(3.8–12.4)
North Dakota
23.1
(19.2–27.5)
20.2
(12.3–31.3)
28.2
(22.3–34.9)
21.2
(17.0–26.2)
17.9
(14.4–22.0)
NR
NR
48.4**
(32.2–64.9)
NR
NR
Ohio
24.5
(21.6–27.6)
27.8
(19.5–38.0)
23.9
(19.3–29.2)
23.7
(20.4–27.4)
25.6
(22.4–29.1)
15.8
(10.7–22.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Oklahoma
27.8
(25.0–30.7)
26.8
(19.3–35.9)
29.7
(25.4–34.4)
26.0
(22.5–29.9)
29.5
(26.1–33.2)
30.2
(21.0–41.3)
32.6
(25.5–40.5)
6.1
(3.3–11.1)
Oregon
20.4
(16.4–25.2)
NR
NR
22.9
(16.8–30.5)
15.2
(11.0–20.7)
20.6
(15.9–26.2)
NR
NR
27.1
(16.5–41.0)
NR
NR
Pennsylvania
23.3
(20.4–26.6)
24.1
(17.0–32.9)
23.6
(18.9–29.0)
22.6
(19.1–26.6)
23.9
(20.6–27.6)
32.1
(20.9–45.9)
NR
NR
13.0**
(6.2–25.2)
Rhode Island
17.5
(14.5–21.0)
14.9
(8.2–25.4)
21.1
(16.3–27.0)
16.4
(13.3–20.0)
19.3
(15.7–23.5)
17.9**
(6.4–41.0)
NR
NR
7.6
(3.7–15.0)
South Carolina
22.8
(19.6–26.4)
21.1
(12.8–32.9)
21.6
(16.6–27.6)
24.5
(20.2–29.3)
26.1
(21.7–31.0)
13.3
(9.8–18.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
South Dakota
22.9
(19.2–27.0)
23.0
(14.3–34.9)
22.9
(17.8–28.9)
22.7
(18.5–27.5)
18.6
(15.1–22.6)
NR
NR
54.0
(42.2–65.5)
NR
NR
Tennessee
24.7
(21.1–28.7)
21.9
(12.1–36.4)
25.2
(19.2–32.3)
24.9
(20.1–30.3)
27.1
(23.0–31.6)
18.1
(10.6–29.3)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Texas
14.5
(12.4–16.8)
13.9
(8.9–21.0)
17.8
(14.1–22.3)
11.7
(9.4–14.5)
22.3
(18.6–26.6)
11.2
(7.1–17.2)
12.7
(5.5–26.8)
7.4
(5.1–10.5)
Utah
8.3
(6.8–10.1)
6.7
(3.7–11.9)
10.1
(7.9–13.0)
7.5
(5.8– 9.7)
8.7
(7.0–10.7)
NR
NR
9.9
(4.0–22.4)
4.0
(1.7– 9.5)
Vermont
20.9
(17.6–24.6)
23.1
(14.8–34.3)
24.4
(19.3–30.3)
16.8
(13.7–20.3)
20.8
(17.5–24.7)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Virginia
17.0
(13.8–20.9)
8.9**
(4.2–17.8)
23.3
(17.4–30.6)
16.8
(12.8–21.7)
18.4
(14.4–23.1)
14.4
(8.3–23.9)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Washington
16.4
(14.7–18.3)
15.5
(11.2–21.0)
18.4
(15.7–21.5)
15.1
(13.1–17.4)
18.5
(16.5–20.8)
NR
NR
14.8
(9.5–22.3)
7.3
(4.4–11.8)
West Virginia
30.9
(27.2–34.8)
31.7
(22.5–42.6)
33.5
(28.1–39.4)
28.0
(23.4–33.2)
31.2
(27.4–35.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wisconsin
23.6
(19.2–28.5)
14.5
(7.1–27.4)
32.3
(24.2–41.6)
21.8
(16.8–27.8)
24.5
(19.6–30.0)
25.4
(12.6–44.5)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wyoming
24.3
(20.6–28.6)
29.6
(19.3–42.6)
22.5
(18.0–27.8)
22.3
(18.1–27.2)
23.5
(19.5–28.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
29.5
(17.7–45.0)
Total††
18.7
(18.2–19.3)
18.7
(17.3–20.3)
20.4
(19.6–21.3)
17.2
(16.5–17.9)
22.0
(21.3–22.7)
15.7
(14.3–17.3)
16.9
(15.0–19.0)
9.8
(8.6–11.2)
Median
20.1
20.6
22.2
18.3
20.8
16.0
16.5
12.3
Minimum
8.3
6.7
10.1
7.5
8.7
9.5
7.8
2.8
Maximum
30.9
37.0
33.5
28.3
31.2
32.1
56.7
29.5
Abbreviation: NR = not reported (if <50 respondents).
* Current smoking was defined as smoking =100 cigarettes in a lifetime and currently smoking cigarettes every day or some days at the time of the interview.
† White = non-Hispanic white; Black = non-Hispanic black; Other = non-Hispanic other.
§ Percentages and their associated confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for complex survey design and nonresponse.
¶ 95% confidence interval.
** Represents 50–59 respondents; might not be reliable.
†† Chi-square p-value significant at p<0.05 for age group and race/ethnicity.
TABLE 18. Estimated prevalence of women aged 18–44 years having a live birth who reported smoking cigarettes during the 3 months before pregnancy,* overall and by age group and race/ethnicity — Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, United States, 29 reporting areas, 2009
State
Total
Age group (yrs)
Race/Ethnicity†
18–24
25–34
35–44
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
%§
CI¶
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
Alaska
32.2
(29.2–35.3)
43.6
(38.0–49.3)
25.5
(21.8–29.6)
27.8
(19.3–38.2)
24.8
(20.8–29.3)
24.6**
(9.6–50.0)
49.4
(44.5–54.3)
20.9
(10.6–37.1)
Arkansas
32.0
(28.5–35.7)
36.1
(30.3–42.3)
31.0
(26.2–36.3)
20.3
(11.8–32.5)
36.2
(31.9–40.7)
30.0
(21.8–39.6)
31.7**
(13.4–58.2)
8.8
(3.7–19.7)
Colorado
22.6
(20.1–25.3)
38.3
(32.5–44.4)
18.9
(15.9–22.2)
9.2
(5.7–14.6)
25.7
(22.5–29.1)
28.1**
(11.4–54.3)
24.0
(14.8–36.5)
15.3
(11.4–20.2)
Delaware
28.9
(26.2–31.7)
39.5
(34.3–45.0)
25.7
(22.2–29.5)
19.9
(14.7–26.4)
35.1
(31.4–39.1)
27.0
(21.8–33.0)
16.2
(8.8–27.9)
13.2
(8.6–19.6)
Georgia
20.2
(16.4–24.5)
29.5
(22.6–37.6)
15.4
(11.0–21.2)
8.0
(3.2–18.6)
29.8
(23.4–37.2)
18.1
(12.3–26.0)
1.8**
(0.6– 5.5)
8.0
(3.5–17.4)
Hawaii
22.4
(19.9–25.2)
29.2
(24.2–34.7)
21.1
(17.8–24.9)
13.8
(9.5–19.7)
21.5
(16.3–27.7)
NR
NR
22.0
(18.8–25.6)
25.7
(19.7–32.7)
Illinois
21.3
(19.1–23.6)
31.2
(26.6–36.3)
20.0
(17.3–23.0)
8.7
(5.6–13.3)
28.6
(25.4–31.9)
21.2
(15.6–28.2)
6.9
(3.0–15.0)
9.1
(6.4–12.8)
Maine
36.6
(33.3–40.1)
51.5
(45.1–58.0)
33.3
(29.1–37.8)
15.2
(9.7–23.1)
37.0
(33.6–40.5)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maryland
16.7
(14.0–19.8)
25.4
(18.8–33.4)
14.2
(10.9–18.4)
12.4
(9.9–15.5)
21.0
(16.8–25.8)
17.0
(12.3–22.9)
14.2
(6.5–28.3)
1.9
(0.4– 7.6)
Massachusetts
22.4
(19.3–25.8)
35.0
(28.0–42.7)
20.8
(16.9–25.2)
11.1
(6.7–18.0)
26.0
(21.7–30.9)
14.6
(10.9–19.3)
6.8
(4.3–10.5)
20.3
(16.3–24.9)
Michigan
33.1
(30.3–36.0)
46.3
(41.1–51.5)
29.6
(26.1–33.4)
18.5
(13.1–25.4)
35.1
(31.6–38.8)
30.6
(26.9–34.6)
18.0
(10.4–29.4)
27.9**
(16.4–43.1)
Minnesota
26.2
(23.8–28.8)
39.1
(33.5–45.1)
24.1
(21.1–27.4)
14.0
(9.6–20.1)
29.4
(26.4–32.6)
16.6
(12.4–21.9)
25.5
(18.6–33.7)
11.8
(6.8–19.7)
Mississippi
30.5
(27.5–33.6)
37.2
(32.5–42.1)
24.4
(20.4–28.8)
28.0
(18.1–40.7)
41.2
(36.7–45.9)
18.9
(15.4–23.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Missouri
35.6
(32.5–38.9)
49.9
(44.2–55.5)
31.0
(26.9–35.4)
10.1
(5.7–17.2)
35.5
(32.1–39.1)
40.6
(30.5–51.6)
20.0**
(8.5–40.1)
32.5**
(18.0–51.3)
Nebraska
29.5
(26.9–32.1)
43.6
(38.6–48.8)
26.1
(22.9–29.5)
11.6
(7.4–17.8)
32.2
(28.8–35.7)
33.0
(27.8–38.6)
38.4
(33.5–43.5)
10.0
(7.4–13.4)
New Jersey
19.1
(17.2–21.2)
24.1
(19.6–29.4)
18.3
(15.8–21.1)
16.2
(12.2–21.3)
26.3
(22.8–30.0)
25.0
(20.3–30.3)
4.4
(2.5– 7.8)
10.5
(7.8–14.0)
Ohio
35.1
(31.7–38.7)
46.1
(39.8–52.6)
31.6
(27.2–36.4)
21.5
(13.9–31.7)
37.3
(33.1–41.6)
28.6
(24.0–33.6)
19.8**
(8.1–40.9)
NR
NR
Oklahoma
34.8
(31.3–38.5)
42.1
(36.4–48.1)
30.0
(25.4–35.1)
28.0
(17.8–41.0)
37.0
(32.6–41.7)
31.1
(19.7–45.2)
43.6
(34.5–53.1)
15.5
(9.7–23.7)
Oregon
25.7
(22.3–29.3)
41.5
(34.5–48.9)
20.7
(16.8–25.3)
15.9
(9.3–25.8)
31.1
(26.3–36.3)
29.4
(23.4–36.2)
21.5
(19.0–24.2)
8.8
(6.3–12.1)
Pennsylvania
27.2
(24.2–30.5)
39.2
(32.6–46.2)
23.6
(19.9–27.9)
17.4
(12.0–24.4)
30.2
(26.6–34.1)
18.9
(11.5–29.4)
18.8
(10.8–30.7)
18.6
(10.7–30.4)
Rhode Island
22.9
(20.1–25.8)
32.8
(26.7–39.6)
20.6
(17.2–24.4)
15.3
(10.3–22.2)
28.5
(24.7–32.7)
7.0
(2.5–18.0)
23.8
(15.4–34.9)
10.7
(7.0–16.1)
Tennessee
34.2
(29.7–39.0)
46.4
(38.6–54.4)
27.6
(21.8–34.2)
22.5
(13.4–35.1)
41.0
(35.3–46.9)
21.1
(13.4–31.6)
22.5**
(9.3–45.1)
12.2**
(4.4–29.5)
Texas
19.6
(17.3–22.1)
27.1
(22.8–32.0)
16.2
(13.3–19.5)
12.8
(7.8–20.3)
29.2
(25.1–33.7)
22.4
(18.5–26.9)
14.5
(7.0–27.6)
12.3
(9.2–16.2)
Utah
12.8
(11.2–14.7)
20.1
(16.6–24.2)
10.6
(8.6–13.0)
3.3
(1.7– 6.3)
13.5
(11.5–15.7)
NR
NR
16.2
(9.3–26.6)
8.5
(5.5–12.9)
Vermont
33.0
(30.1–36.0)
59.3
(53.0–65.4)
27.0
(23.5–30.8)
13.7
(9.3–19.6)
33.1
(30.1–36.3)
NR
NR
30.3**
(17.6–46.9)
NR
NR
Washington
21.8
(19.0–24.9)
37.6
(31.7–43.9)
14.7
(11.6–18.4)
11.6
(7.0–18.5)
24.5
(20.4–29.2)
24.0
(18.8–30.2)
19.7
(15.6–24.6)
13.2
(9.9–17.5)
West Virginia
42.9
(39.9–46.0)
54.2
(49.5–58.8)
35.7
(31.6–40.1)
23.0
(15.1–33.5)
43.3
(40.2–46.4)
46.3
(29.3–64.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wisconsin
26.8
(23.5–30.4)
36.8
(30.0–44.2)
26.0
(21.8–30.7)
10.6
(5.5–19.3)
28.6
(24.3–33.3)
24.9
(19.5–31.2)
22.3
(15.1–31.6)
17.5
(12.9–23.4)
Wyoming
31.9
(28.2–35.8)
51.8
(45.1–58.4)
22.2
(18.1–26.9)
12.3
(6.9–21.0)
32.4
(28.0–37.1)
NR
NR
46.2
(36.3–56.3)
22.3
(17.6–27.9)
Total††
25.1
(24.4–25.9)
35.8
(34.3–37.4)
21.7
(20.8–22.6)
14.1
(12.6–15.8)
30.8
(29.8–31.8)
22.7
(21.0–24.5)
18.7
(16.8–20.7)
12.4
(10.8–14.3)
Median
27.2
39.1
24.1
14.0
30.2
24.7
20.7
12.7
Minimum
12.8
20.1
10.6
3.3
13.5
7.0
1.8
1.9
Maximum
42.9
59.3
35.7
28.0
43.3
46.3
49.4
32.5
Abbreviation: NR = not reported (if <30 respondents).
* Smoking during the 3 months before pregnancy was defined as smoking =100 cigarettes in the preceding 2 years and smoking any number of cigarettes, including <1 cigarette, on an average day.
† White = non-Hispanic white; Black = non-Hispanic black; Other = non-Hispanic other.
§ Percentages and their associated confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for complex survey design and nonresponse.
¶ 95% confidence interval.
** Represents 30–59 respondents; might not be reliable.
†† Chi-square p-value significant at p<0.05 for age group and race/ethnicity.
TABLE 19. Estimated prevalence of women aged 18–44 years having a live birth who reported current secondhand smoke exposure,* overall and by age group and race/ethnicity — Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, United States, 29 reporting areas, 2009
State
Total
Age group (yrs)
Race/Ethnicity†
18–24
25–34
35–44
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
%§
CI¶
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
Alaska
2.2
(1.4– 3.5)
3.2
(1.7– 5.6)
1.3
(0.6– 2.9)
3.9
(1.2–11.5)
1.9
(0.9– 3.8)
0.0**
—††
2.9
(1.6– 5.2)
2.6
(0.4–15.6)
Arkansas
8.1
(6.2–10.5)
9.8
(6.6–14.2)
7.4
(5.0–10.8)
4.6
(2.0– 9.9)
5.9
(4.2– 8.2)
19.1
(12.5–28.0)
NR
NR
3.0
(0.7–12.0)
Colorado
3.7
(2.6– 5.2)
7.0
(4.2–11.5)
2.6
(1.5– 4.5)
1.8
(0.7– 4.4)
3.6
(2.4– 5.6)
12.0**
(2.7–39.9)
2.1
(0.5– 8.8)
3.5
(1.7– 7.0)
Delaware
8.6
(7.0–10.5)
12.8
(9.5–17.1)
7.5
(5.5–10.0)
4.5
(2.2– 8.9)
7.5
(5.6– 9.9)
14.8
(10.8–20.1)
2.0
(0.3–11.7)
4.8
(2.3– 9.7)
Georgia
5.1
(3.3– 7.9)
9.8
(5.8–16.1)
2.5
(1.0– 5.7)
0.3
(0.0– 1.7)
5.8
(2.9–11.1)
6.3
(3.2–12.0)
0.6**
(0.1– 4.0)
3.1
(0.8–10.9)
Hawaii
3.8
(2.8– 5.3)
5.4
(3.3– 8.8)
3.2
(2.0– 5.2)
2.7
(1.0– 6.7)
0.7
(0.3– 1.6)
NR
NR
4.7
(3.2– 6.9)
4.8
(2.4– 9.4)
Illinois
6.6
(5.3– 8.2)
12.5
(9.3–16.5)
5.0
(3.6– 6.9)
2.4
(1.0– 5.8)
6.7
(5.1– 8.8)
16.5
(11.4–23.3)
0.0
—††
2.1
(1.0– 4.3)
Maine
3.9
(2.7– 5.5)
7.5
(4.8–11.7)
2.7
(1.6– 4.7)
0.1
(0.0– 0.4)
3.9
(2.7– 5.5)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maryland
5.9
(4.2– 8.1)
11.2
(6.8–17.7)
4.7
(2.8– 7.6)
2.3
(1.3– 3.9)
4.0
(2.3– 6.9)
10.0
(6.4–15.3)
9.6
(3.6–23.4)
0.3
(0.1– 1.0)
Massachusetts
5.8
(4.3– 7.9)
12.3
(7.9–18.6)
4.2
(2.7– 6.7)
2.5
(0.8– 7.3)
6.4
(4.2– 9.5)
6.3
(4.0– 9.8)
3.0
(1.5– 5.9)
4.9
(3.1– 7.8)
Michigan
9.9
(8.3–11.8)
18.9
(15.1–23.3)
6.6
(4.9– 8.9)
3.3
(1.7– 6.3)
8.7
(6.8–11.2)
18.3
(15.3–21.8)
1.7
(0.5– 5.3)
7.7**
(2.6–20.4)
Minnesota
4.2
(3.2– 5.6)
7.2
(4.9–10.5)
3.6
(2.4– 5.5)
2.1
(0.8– 5.5)
2.6
(1.7– 4.1)
12.9
(7.9–20.5)
2.6
(1.6– 4.3)
7.9
(3.7–15.8)
Mississippi
10.9
(8.9–13.1)
14.3
(11.1–18.1)
7.4
(5.2–10.4)
12.3
(6.2–23.0)
9.9
(7.4–13.2)
12.9
(10.0–16.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Missouri
10.6
(8.7–12.9)
16.4
(12.7–21.0)
7.5
(5.3–10.5)
5.7
(2.3–13.5)
9.7
(7.7–12.2)
20.6
(13.3–30.5)
3.1**
(0.4–18.9)
2.7**
(0.5–12.7)
Nebraska
3.9
(2.9– 5.0)
7.6
(5.4–10.7)
2.5
(1.6– 3.9)
1.4
(0.4– 5.4)
3.3
(2.2– 5.0)
13.3
(9.8–17.8)
6.2
(4.1– 9.1)
1.9
(0.9– 3.8)
New Jersey
3.2
(2.4– 4.2)
6.1
(3.7– 9.8)
2.4
(1.6– 3.5)
2.5
(1.3– 4.8)
2.8
(1.7– 4.5)
9.2
(6.2–13.4)
1.8
(0.8– 3.9)
1.2
(0.5– 2.9)
Ohio
13.6
(11.2–16.5)
18.9
(14.2–24.8)
11.2
(8.4–14.9)
10.3
(5.2–19.5)
13.8
(10.9–17.4)
15.2
(11.8–19.3)
16.1**
(6.4–35.1)
NR
NR
Oklahoma
9.2
(7.2–11.8)
14.2
(10.4–19.0)
5.6
(3.5– 8.7)
7.5
(2.8–18.4)
8.3
(6.0–11.5)
14.0
(6.9–26.4)
12.3
(7.1–20.4)
6.3
(2.8–13.6)
Oregon
1.4
(0.8– 2.7)
1.6
(0.6– 4.6)
0.6
(0.2– 1.8)
4.6
(1.7–12.2)
1.5
(0.6– 3.5)
1.8
(0.6– 4.8)
2.3
(1.5– 3.6)
0.9
(0.3– 2.6)
Pennsylvania
7.8
(6.1–10.0)
12.4
(8.4–17.8)
6.2
(4.3– 9.0)
4.9
(2.3–10.1)
8.6
(6.4–11.4)
6.1
(2.7–13.0)
10.6
(5.0–21.2)
0.5
(0.1– 3.6)
Rhode Island
3.3
(2.3– 4.7)
6.4
(3.8–10.7)
2.1
(1.2– 3.6)
3.0
(1.1– 7.8)
3.6
(2.2– 5.7)
4.1
(1.5–10.4)
1.9
(0.5– 7.1)
3.4
(1.7– 6.7)
Tennessee
11.7
(8.8–15.3)
16.7
(11.5–23.7)
9.5
(6.0–14.8)
4.8
(1.4–14.8)
9.5
(6.5–13.7)
22.6
(14.1–34.1)
16.4**
(5.5–39.7)
3.8**
(0.5–22.7)
Texas
4.0
(3.0– 5.4)
7.7
(5.3–11.0)
2.3
(1.4– 3.9)
0.7
(0.2– 2.2)
4.5
(2.8– 7.0)
9.5
(6.9–13.0)
0.0**
—††
2.7
(1.4– 5.2)
Utah
1.1
(0.7– 1.7)
1.9
(1.1– 3.2)
0.8
(0.4– 1.7)
0.0
—††
1.0
(0.6– 1.7)
NR
NR
1.0
(0.1– 6.6)
1.6
(0.7– 3.7)
Vermont
4.9
(3.6– 6.5)
13.4
(9.5–18.5)
2.2
(1.3– 3.7)
0.9
(0.2– 4.0)
5.0
(3.7– 6.8)
NR
NR
8.5**
(2.6–24.6)
NR
NR
Washington
2.4
(1.6– 3.8)
4.6
(2.5– 8.2)
1.6
(0.8– 3.3)
0.5
(0.1– 1.8)
2.3
(1.1– 4.5)
1.9
(0.7– 4.9)
4.4
(2.3– 8.4)
1.6
(0.7– 3.5)
West Virginia
14.3
(12.3–16.6)
17.5
(14.3–21.3)
12.1
(9.5–15.3)
9.9
(4.9–18.9)
14.4
(12.3–16.8)
15.7
(6.2–34.3)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wisconsin
8.0
(6.1–10.4)
15.5
(10.9–21.5)
5.7
(3.7– 8.6)
3.1
(0.9–10.4)
7.1
(4.8–10.3)
20.5
(15.5–26.6)
5.8
(2.4–13.2)
3.8
(1.8– 7.7)
Wyoming
5.0
(3.6– 6.9)
8.6
(5.5–13.2)
3.0
(1.8– 5.0)
2.8
(1.2– 6.8)
5.0
(3.4– 7.3)
NR
NR
6.4
(2.8–13.9)
4.3
(2.2– 8.0)
Total§§
6.4
(6.0– 6.9)
11.1
(10.1–12.1)
4.6
(4.1– 5.1)
3.0
(2.4– 3.8)
6.6
(6.1– 7.2)
12.2
(10.9–13.5)
4.9
(3.8– 6.2)
2.7
(1.9– 3.7)
Median
5.1
9.8
3.6
2.8
5.0
12.9
3.0
3.0
Minimum
1.1
1.6
0.6
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.3
Maximum
14.3
18.9
12.1
12.3
14.4
22.6
16.4
7.9
Abbreviation: NR = not reported (if <30 respondents).
* Current secondhand smoke exposure was defined as smoking being allowed anywhere in the home or allowed in some rooms or at some times in the home at the time of the interview.
† White = non-Hispanic white; Black = non-Hispanic black; Other = non-Hispanic other.
§ Percentages and their associated confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for complex survey design and nonresponse.
¶ 95% confidence interval.
** Represents 30–59 respondents; might not be reliable.
†† Undefined.
§§ Chi-square p-value significant at p<0.05 for age group and race/ethnicity.
TABLE 20. Estimated prevalence of women aged 18–44 years who participated in binge drinking* on at least one occasion within the past month, overall and by age group and race/ethnicity — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2009
State
Total
Age group (yrs)
Race/Ethnicity†
18–24
25–34
35–44
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
%§
CI¶
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
Alabama
9.1
(7.0–11.8)
13.5
(7.2–23.8)
12.1
(8.4–17.0)
4.8
(3.1– 7.4)
7.6
(5.3–10.8)
11.0
(7.3–16.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Alaska
18.8
(14.5–24.1)
27.3
(15.6–43.4)
18.6
(12.3–27.0)
14.0
(9.3–20.5)
18.3
(12.9–25.3)
NR
NR
17.7
(11.4–26.4)
NR
NR
Arizona
14.9
(10.9–20.1)
27.9**
(11.7–53.0)
17.8
(12.3–25.1)
6.8
(4.2–10.8)
14.7
(10.1–20.8)
NR
NR
14.6
(6.9–28.5)
14.8
(7.0–28.5)
Arkansas
10.1
(6.9–14.4)
14.1**
(5.6–31.1)
9.0
(4.9–15.9)
8.9
(6.0–13.0)
11.2
(7.5–16.4)
7.1
(2.9–16.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
California
14.9
(13.2–16.7)
19.6
(15.3–24.7)
16.8
(14.3–19.6)
9.7
(8.1–11.5)
21.3
(18.5–24.6)
12.8
(6.6–23.2)
12.7
(8.9–17.8)
10.7
(8.5–13.2)
Colorado
16.1
(13.8–18.6)
20.6
(13.9–29.3)
16.0
(12.8–19.8)
13.4
(11.2–16.0)
19.8
(16.9–23.1)
NR
NR
3.0
(1.2– 7.3)
8.9
(5.3–14.4)
Connecticut
20.1
(16.2–24.7)
37.1
(24.4–51.9)
16.1
(11.4–22.4)
14.7
(11.5–18.7)
21.8
(17.3–27.1)
25.6
(9.2–53.9)
7.2
(2.3–20.5)
14.8
(6.9–29.1)
Delaware
20.6
(16.1–26.1)
28.7
(15.9–46.1)
20.3
(14.6–27.4)
15.7
(11.8–20.6)
26.6
(20.6–33.5)
9.5
(4.1–20.4)
NR
NR
NR
NR
D.C.
21.4
(17.9–25.4)
NR
NR
25.7
(20.4–31.8)
15.0
(11.4–19.5)
34.1
(27.9–40.9)
10.0
(6.4–15.5)
21.5**
(11.2–37.3)
NR
NR
Florida
12.9
(10.5–15.8)
13.9
(6.9–26.0)
16.1
(11.3–22.6)
10.9
(8.4–14.1)
15.4
(12.5–18.9)
12.5
(6.8–21.8)
4.1
(1.3–12.0)
9.9
(5.0–18.9)
Georgia
9.5
(7.5–12.0)
12.0
(5.8–23.4)
9.5
(6.6–13.6)
8.7
(6.4–11.8)
11.3
(8.5–14.8)
10.8
(6.9–16.5)
0.0**
—††
2.5**
(0.4–16.0)
Hawaii
17.8
(14.4–21.7)
24.1
(15.5–35.4)
21.2
(15.7–28.0)
10.6
(7.8–14.4)
22.4
(16.2–30.2)
NR
NR
16.0
(12.1–21.0)
22.5
(12.9–36.4)
Idaho
11.6
(8.9–15.1)
12.9
(5.8–26.3)
13.4
(9.4–18.9)
8.7
(6.2–12.0)
12.4
(9.4–16.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
3.9
(1.1–12.4)
Illinois
18.0
(15.3–21.2)
23.1
(15.7–32.5)
18.4
(14.3–23.5)
14.4
(11.6–17.7)
22.3
(18.8–26.2)
6.7
(3.1–13.9)
10.5**
(4.5–22.7)
15.9
(8.7–27.3)
Indiana
14.6
(12.2–17.3)
11.3
(6.4–19.3)
19.2
(15.1–24.1)
12.5
(9.9–15.6)
15.7
(13.0–18.8)
7.4
(4.0–13.1)
NR
NR
13.1
(5.1–29.4)
Iowa
20.2
(17.0–23.9)
19.3
(11.7–30.1)
23.6
(18.8–29.2)
17.9
(14.5–21.8)
22.1
(18.7–26.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Kansas
15.4
(13.6–17.3)
21.1
(16.1–27.0)
15.6
(13.3–18.3)
11.2
(9.7–13.0)
16.1
(14.2–18.2)
12.4
(6.9–21.3)
13.0
(6.9–23.3)
11.4
(6.9–18.3)
Kentucky
11.0
(8.7–13.9)
18.6
(10.4–30.8)
10.4
(7.3–14.8)
8.8
(6.2–12.3)
11.3
(8.8–14.4)
9.4
(3.5–22.9)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Louisiana
13.4
(11.5–15.7)
18.2
(12.7–25.4)
13.0
(10.0–16.9)
11.7
(9.3–14.6)
17.2
(14.4–20.3)
7.0
(4.6–10.5)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maine
18.6
(15.7–21.8)
20.5
(12.9–31.1)
20.6
(16.1–26.0)
15.9
(13.1–19.1)
18.7
(15.8–21.9)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maryland
15.0
(12.5–17.8)
24.1
(16.7–33.4)
13.2
(10.1–17.1)
11.3
(8.7–14.4)
19.9
(16.5–23.8)
9.0
(5.7–13.9)
9.4
(4.3–19.4)
12.4
(4.4–30.0)
Massachusetts
22.1
(19.0–25.5)
37.2
(28.0–47.3)
20.1
(15.9–25.0)
14.4
(12.1–17.2)
25.1
(21.3–29.3)
14.8
(7.9–26.1)
10.6
(4.3–23.9)
13.6
(8.6–20.7)
Michigan
16.6
(14.1–19.4)
22.2
(15.6–30.7)
14.1
(10.7–18.5)
15.4
(12.6–18.6)
18.9
(16.0–22.1)
4.0
(2.0– 7.7)
15.3
(6.2–33.2)
NR
NR
Minnesota
21.7
(18.1–25.7)
30.1
(20.1–42.3)
19.3
(14.8–24.9)
17.8
(14.5–21.7)
22.2
(18.5–26.5)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Mississippi
8.3
(6.7–10.3)
6.3
(3.3–11.8)
9.0
(6.5–12.4)
8.5
(6.3–11.4)
7.9
(5.8–10.6)
9.1
(6.5–12.5)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Missouri
21.5
(17.5–26.0)
28.0
(17.1–42.3)
23.5
(17.4–30.9)
15.8
(11.8–20.9)
21.1
(16.9–26.1)
18.2
(8.6–34.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Montana
18.1
(14.9–21.8)
21.5
(13.1–33.3)
17.1
(12.7–22.5)
16.7
(13.1–21.0)
16.9
(13.6–20.7)
NR
NR
32.6
(20.6–47.4)
NR
NR
Nebraska
17.3
(14.4–20.5)
15.5
(9.1–25.1)
18.1
(13.6–23.7)
17.1
(13.5–21.4)
17.0
(14.1–20.4)
NR
NR
35.3
(17.7–58.0)
12.4
(4.5–30.1)
Nevada
15.6
(11.3–21.3)
17.8**
(8.7–33.0)
19.7
(11.8–30.9)
10.5
(6.6–16.2)
20.3
(14.0–28.5)
NR
NR
13.6**
(5.7–29.0)
7.7
(3.2–17.6)
New Hampshire
18.2
(14.7–22.3)
22.5
(12.9–36.3)
21.1
(15.0–28.8)
13.9
(10.6–18.0)
18.9
(15.1–23.3)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
New Jersey
18.6
(15.6–21.9)
28.8
(19.4–40.4)
15.8
(12.7–19.4)
15.1
(12.8–17.7)
24.1
(20.0–28.8)
10.1
(6.4–15.6)
15.6
(6.2–33.9)
11.0
(7.2–16.6)
New Mexico
12.7
(10.3–15.5)
12.0
(6.9–20.1)
14.5
(10.5–19.6)
11.3
(8.8–14.5)
13.5
(9.5–18.9)
NR
NR
7.5
(4.6–12.2)
13.5
(10.2–17.6)
New York
18.6
(15.7–21.8)
23.6
(16.0–33.3)
19.9
(15.6–24.9)
14.1
(11.1–17.8)
22.1
(18.4–26.3)
10.1
(5.0–19.3)
14.0
(7.3–25.2)
16.9
(10.3–26.6)
North Carolina
13.0
(10.8–15.6)
19.4
(12.7–28.5)
11.8
(9.0–15.3)
10.5
(8.4–13.0)
14.5
(11.9–17.5)
11.1
(6.2–19.2)
10.7
(5.3–20.5)
9.0
(4.6–17.0)
North Dakota
25.6
(21.1–30.7)
32.4
(22.0–45.0)
24.2
(18.8–30.6)
19.8
(15.8–24.6)
25.2
(20.4–30.6)
NR
NR
30.0**
(16.6–47.9)
NR
NR
Ohio
18.0
(15.3–21.0)
24.5
(16.2–35.3)
18.8
(14.6–24.0)
14.4
(11.6–17.6)
19.4
(16.3–22.8)
13.6
(8.2–21.7)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Oklahoma
11.3
(9.4–13.6)
20.2
(13.5–29.2)
10.0
(7.5–13.1)
9.0
(6.8–11.6)
12.0
(9.7–14.9)
14.1
(7.7–24.3)
10.0
(6.3–15.6)
7.1
(2.7–17.3)
Oregon
16.9
(13.1–21.5)
NR
NR
17.4
(12.0–24.6)
11.2
(8.1–15.5)
14.7
(10.7–19.9)
NR
NR
25.5
(14.9–40.2)
NR
NR
Pennsylvania
18.4
(15.5–21.8)
23.3
(16.0–32.7)
21.3
(16.7–26.7)
12.7
(10.1–16.0)
19.9
(16.7–23.6)
9.5
(3.9–21.4)
NR
NR
18.6**
(7.3–40.0)
Rhode Island
18.2
(14.9–22.1)
24.1
(15.3–35.8)
16.0
(11.8–21.3)
15.8
(12.4–19.9)
19.3
(15.4–23.8)
17.4**
(6.6–38.7)
NR
NR
14.8
(7.6–26.8)
South Carolina
11.7
(9.2–14.8)
18.3
(9.7–32.0)
11.3
(7.7–16.2)
9.7
(7.2–13.0)
14.4
(11.0–18.7)
8.2
(4.6–14.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
South Dakota
21.9
(18.1–26.2)
25.8
(16.2–38.5)
21.2
(16.4–27.1)
19.5
(15.5–24.3)
21.3
(17.4–25.8)
NR
NR
27.2
(15.4–43.5)
NR
NR
Tennessee
6.9
(5.0– 9.4)
12.7
(5.2–27.8)
7.0
(4.1–11.8)
5.7
(3.7– 8.7)
6.4
(4.6– 8.9)
7.5
(3.2–16.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Texas
12.4
(10.5–14.7)
23.0
(16.2–31.7)
11.8
(9.0–15.3)
8.9
(6.9–11.5)
18.3
(14.9–22.2)
6.2
(3.5–11.0)
6.1
(1.8–18.4)
8.6
(6.1–12.1)
Utah
7.6
(6.2– 9.3)
7.0
(4.0–12.0)
8.5
(6.5–11.0)
7.1
(5.4– 9.2)
8.0
(6.4–10.0)
NR
NR
6.5
(2.2–17.5)
4.3
(2.1– 8.3)
Vermont
19.6
(16.4–23.2)
22.5
(14.3–33.5)
24.8
(19.6–30.8)
13.7
(11.0–16.9)
19.3
(16.1–22.9)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Virginia
10.5
(7.7–14.1)
9.3**
(4.3–19.1)
13.3
(7.9–21.5)
8.8
(6.2–12.4)
11.0
(7.8–15.2)
12.9
(5.5–27.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Washington
16.4
(14.6–18.5)
23.4
(17.9–29.9)
14.9
(12.4–17.7)
13.6
(11.8–15.6)
18.7
(16.5–21.2)
NR
NR
10.7
(6.7–16.6)
8.6
(5.2–14.0)
West Virginia
6.6
(5.0– 8.7)
4.4
(1.8–10.4)
10.1
(7.1–14.3)
4.8
(3.0– 7.6)
6.6
(4.9– 8.7)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wisconsin
25.3
(20.3–30.9)
27.2
(14.8–44.5)
25.9
(18.5–34.8)
23.5
(18.1–29.8)
28.3
(22.7–34.8)
17.3**
(7.2–35.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wyoming
15.8
(12.8–19.2)
19.2
(11.5–30.3)
16.9
(13.1–21.4)
12.1
(9.1–15.8)
16.4
(13.3–20.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
15.2
(6.6–31.2)
Total§§
15.2
(14.7–15.8)
21.2
(19.6–22.9)
15.8
(15.0–16.6)
11.7
(11.1–12.2)
17.9
(17.2–18.5)
10.1
(8.8–11.5)
11.7
(10.0–13.6)
11.0
(9.7–12.5)
Median
16.4
21.1
16.8
12.5
18.7
10.1
12.8
11.9
Minimum
6.6
4.4
7.0
4.8
6.4
4.0
0.0
2.5
Maximum
25.6
37.2
25.9
23.5
34.1
25.6
35.3
22.5
Abbreviation: NR = not reported (if <50 respondents).
* Binge drinking was defined as drinking four or more alcoholic beverages in one sitting on at least one occasion during the preceding month at the time of the interview.
† White = non-Hispanic white; Black = non-Hispanic black; Other = non-Hispanic other.
§ Percentages and their associated confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for complex survey design and nonresponse.
¶ 95% confidence interval.
** Represents 50–59 respondents; might not be reliable.
†† Undefined.
§§ Chi-square p-value significant at p<0.05 for age group and race/ethnicity.
TABLE 21. Estimated prevalence of women aged 18–44 years having a live birth who reported drinking any amount of alcohol during the 3 months before pregnancy, overall and by age group and race/ethnicity — Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, United States, 29 reporting areas, 2009
State
Total
Age group (yrs)
Race/Ethnicity*
18–24
25–34
35–44
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
%†
CI§
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
Alaska
60.0
(56.5–63.4)
58.9
(53.1–64.5)
60.9
(56.2–65.5)
58.9
(47.8–69.1)
66.8
(62.0–71.2)
60.9¶
(36.3–81.0)
50.8
(45.8–55.8)
38.3
(24.3–54.5)
Arkansas
49.2
(45.3–53.2)
42.8
(36.7–49.1)
55.7
(50.3–61.1)
40.8
(29.0–53.9)
55.6
(51.0–60.1)
44.7
(35.3–54.6)
NR
NR
20.9
(12.2–33.5)
Colorado
62.5
(59.4–65.5)
53.8
(47.6–59.9)
65.2
(61.1–69.1)
67.3
(59.8–74.1)
74.5
(71.0–77.6)
68.8¶
(45.1–85.6)
43.4
(30.7–57.1)
39.9
(33.9–46.3)
Delaware
58.3
(55.3–61.3)
52.7
(47.2–58.1)
60.3
(56.1–64.3)
62.3
(55.0–69.2)
70.6
(66.8–74.2)
53.1
(46.8–59.3)
34.5
(23.7–47.3)
28.9
(22.2–36.6)
Georgia
41.8
(36.9–46.8)
40.5
(32.7–48.8)
41.2
(34.6–48.1)
49.2
(35.3–63.2)
55.3
(47.9–62.5)
33.5
(25.7–42.3)
38.6¶
(20.5–60.5)
27.4
(18.0–39.4)
Hawaii
50.1
(47.0–53.3)
51.4
(45.6–57.2)
51.9
(47.5–56.3)
42.5
(35.3–50.0)
66.5
(59.5–72.9)
57.1¶
(35.3–76.4)
44.1
(40.1–48.2)
50.9
(43.4–58.4)
Illinois
54.5
(51.7–57.2)
46.7
(41.5–52.0)
59.2
(55.6–62.7)
51.8
(45.0–58.5)
71.7
(68.3–74.8)
46.8
(39.2–54.6)
24.3
(16.2–34.8)
28.1
(23.4–33.3)
Maine
68.4
(65.0–71.6)
67.4
(61.0–73.2)
69.4
(64.9–73.5)
66.4
(56.9–74.7)
69.8
(66.4–73.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maryland
55.5
(51.7–59.3)
50.0
(41.6–58.5)
57.6
(52.2–62.8)
56.6
(52.4–60.8)
73.7
(68.6–78.2)
45.3
(38.3–52.4)
45.8
(32.9–59.3)
18.5
(11.5–28.3)
Massachusetts
61.6
(58.3–64.8)
50.5
(43.1–57.9)
66.0
(61.8–70.0)
61.3
(53.4–68.7)
73.3
(68.4–77.6)
37.1
(31.7–42.8)
34.1
(29.0–39.6)
39.0
(34.0–44.2)
Michigan
66.2
(63.4–68.9)
61.8
(56.7–66.7)
69.4
(65.6–72.9)
63.4
(55.7–70.5)
71.7
(68.2–74.9)
51.9
(47.7–56.1)
48.5
(36.3–60.9)
58.3¶
(43.2–72.1)
Minnesota
69.6
(66.7–72.3)
59.5
(53.4–65.3)
73.5
(69.9–76.8)
69.2
(61.5–76.0)
80.7
(77.9–83.3)
35.5
(27.3–44.6)
48.3
(38.4–58.4)
34.3
(25.1–44.8)
Mississippi
42.1
(38.8–45.4)
39.0
(34.3–44.0)
45.0
(40.2–49.9)
42.1
(30.0–55.2)
54.0
(49.3–58.7)
29.4
(25.1–34.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Missouri
59.9
(56.7–63.0)
58.1
(52.6–63.5)
60.5
(56.1–64.6)
63.4
(53.9–72.0)
63.6
(60.3–66.8)
45.4
(35.2–56.0)
31.2¶
(16.1–51.8)
47.5¶
(30.3–65.2)
Nebraska
64.8
(62.3–67.2)
59.5
(54.6–64.2)
68.9
(65.6–72.0)
57.9
(50.3–65.1)
75.3
(72.0–78.3)
43.5
(37.9–49.2)
49.1
(43.6–54.6)
27.9
(23.4–32.8)
New Jersey
51.9
(49.3–54.6)
44.8
(38.7–51.1)
51.5
(48.0–55.0)
60.6
(54.5–66.4)
69.7
(65.5–73.6)
48.5
(42.0–55.1)
31.0
(25.7–36.9)
32.4
(27.5–37.8)
Ohio
60.7
(57.2–64.2)
59.0
(52.6–65.2)
60.0
(55.2–64.6)
68.6
(58.8–77.0)
63.7
(59.4–67.8)
51.3
(46.0–56.6)
48.3¶
(30.1–66.9)
NR
NR
Oklahoma
51.7
(48.0–55.4)
50.4
(44.5–56.3)
53.7
(48.6–58.8)
46.2
(34.1–58.8)
62.2
(57.6–66.6)
40.0
(27.4–54.0)
43.8
(34.8–53.2)
18.7
(12.4–27.2)
Oregon
60.9
(57.5–64.2)
55.7
(48.7–62.4)
63.6
(59.1–67.9)
59.7
(50.2–68.6)
73.2
(68.2–77.6)
47.2
(40.4–54.1)
46.0
(42.4–49.7)
27.5
(23.2–32.3)
Pennsylvania
62.2
(58.7–65.5)
52.8
(45.7–59.7)
67.2
(62.7–71.4)
61.9
(53.5–69.6)
70.5
(66.8–74.0)
47.8
(37.1–58.8)
32.9
(22.6–45.1)
33.3
(22.0–47.0)
Rhode Island
60.6
(57.3–63.7)
47.5
(40.7–54.3)
65.5
(61.3–69.5)
62.8
(54.9–70.1)
74.3
(70.3–78.0)
37.8
(25.1–52.4)
47.5
(36.2–59.0)
33.6
(27.4–40.4)
Tennessee
49.7
(44.8–54.6)
47.7
(39.8–55.7)
54.0
(47.0–60.8)
40.3
(28.6–53.2)
52.1
(46.2–57.8)
47.7
(36.5–59.1)
54.6¶
(33.6–74.0)
31.3¶
(17.4–49.7)
Texas
45.2
(42.2–48.3)
43.5
(38.2–48.9)
45.1
(40.9–49.4)
50.7
(42.0–59.4)
63.1
(58.5–67.5)
47.4
(42.4–52.4)
31.2
(19.8–45.3)
32.7
(27.9–37.9)
Utah
24.0
(21.7–26.5)
32.0
(27.6–36.8)
20.6
(17.8–23.6)
20.9
(14.1–29.9)
24.1
(21.5–26.9)
NR
NR
30.7
(20.0–43.9)
21.8
(17.0–27.5)
Vermont
71.6
(68.6–74.4)
65.4
(59.1–71.2)
75.5
(71.7–78.9)
68.6
(61.3–75.1)
72.6
(69.5–75.5)
NR
NR
59.3¶
(43.1–73.8)
NR
NR
Washington
57.3
(54.1–60.5)
58.9
(52.8–64.6)
55.6
(51.1–60.1)
59.9
(51.7–67.6)
68.0
(63.1–72.5)
45.1
(38.8–51.6)
45.6
(40.0–51.3)
32.7
(27.8–38.1)
West Virginia
40.9
(37.9–44.0)
33.5
(29.3–38.1)
47.8
(43.4–52.3)
39.9
(29.5–51.3)
41.1
(38.0–44.2)
35.7
(20.4–54.7)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wisconsin
69.0
(65.7–72.1)
61.1
(54.1–67.6)
73.7
(69.5–77.4)
64.8
(55.0–73.5)
78.1
(73.8–81.9)
49.0
(42.3–55.8)
45.1
(35.8–54.7)
35.8
(29.5–42.7)
Wyoming
61.3
(57.4–65.0)
67.7
(61.3–73.4)
59.3
(54.2–64.3)
46.1
(33.2–59.5)
64.6
(60.1–69.0)
NR
NR
56.2
(46.3–65.7)
43.7
(37.4–50.2)
Total**
54.2
(53.3–55.1)
49.6
(47.9–51.2)
56.3
(55.1–57.4)
56.5
(54.2–58.8)
65.7
(64.7–66.7)
44.2
(42.1–46.2)
39.7
(37.2–42.4)
32.2
(29.7–34.8)
Median
59.9
52.7
60.0
59.7
69.7
46.8
45.1
32.7
Minimum
24.0
32.0
20.6
20.9
24.1
29.4
24.3
18.5
Maximum
71.6
67.7
75.5
69.2
80.7
68.8
59.3
58.3
Abbreviation: NR = not reported (if <30 respondents).
* White = non-Hispanic white; Black = non-Hispanic black; Other = non-Hispanic other.
† Percentages and their associated confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for complex survey design and nonresponse.
§ 95% confidence interval.
¶ Represents 30–59 respondents; might not be reliable.
** Chi-square p-value significant at p<0.05 for age group and race/ethnicity..
TABLE 22. Estimated prevalence of women aged 18–44 years having a live birth who reported binge drinking during the 3 months before pregnancy,* overall and by age group and race/ethnicity — Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, United States, 29 reporting areas, 2009
State
Total
Age group (yrs)
Race/Ethnicity†
18–24
25–34
35–44
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
%§
CI¶
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
Alaska
29.5
(26.4–32.7)
35.6
(30.3–41.3)
26.3
(22.4–30.7)
24.3
(16.4–34.6)
31.2
(26.9–35.9)
15.7**
(4.6–41.8)
31.1
(26.9–35.7)
10.9
(5.1–21.6)
Arkansas
19.5
(16.5–22.9)
19.1
(14.7–24.5)
20.8
(16.5–25.8)
14.4
(7.4–26.3)
21.5
(17.9–25.6)
16.1
(9.8–25.4)
NR
NR
10.7
(4.8–22.1)
Colorado
26.5
(23.8–29.3)
27.3
(22.2–33.1)
27.3
(23.8–31.0)
21.7
(15.7–29.2)
30.8
(27.4–34.4)
45.0**
(22.9–69.2)
9.5
(4.8–17.8)
19.7
(15.1–25.2)
Delaware
25.5
(22.9–28.2)
27.1
(22.5–32.2)
27.2
(23.7–31.1)
17.2
(12.4–23.4)
29.6
(26.1–33.4)
24.2
(19.2–30.0)
15.7
(8.5–27.2)
15.6
(10.7–22.2)
Georgia
16.3
(12.9–20.3)
19.2
(13.4–26.7)
13.3
(9.3–18.6)
19.8
(10.7–33.8)
24.1
(18.3–31.0)
10.9
(6.5–17.8)
5.8**
(1.1–25.0)
10.8
(5.1–21.2)
Hawaii
23.1
(20.6–25.8)
26.4
(21.7–31.7)
25.0
(21.5–28.9)
11.4
(7.6–16.7)
31.6
(25.6–38.3)
10.5**
(3.1–30.6)
20.2
(17.1–23.6)
25.4
(19.6–32.3)
Illinois
22.9
(20.7–25.2)
22.1
(18.0–26.8)
25.5
(22.5–28.8)
15.0
(10.9–20.5)
31.0
(27.7–34.4)
16.4
(11.4–23.1)
7.6
(3.5–15.7)
12.8
(9.6–17.0)
Maine
29.0
(25.9–32.3)
37.6
(31.5–44.0)
27.2
(23.2–31.5)
16.0
(10.2–24.2)
29.4
(26.3–32.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maryland
23.0
(19.8–26.5)
30.3
(23.0–38.8)
21.3
(17.2–26.2)
17.8
(14.8–21.3)
32.0
(27.0–37.4)
18.1
(13.2–24.5)
14.9
(7.1–28.4)
6.4
(2.7–14.5)
Massachusetts
27.9
(24.7–31.4)
26.8
(20.5–34.2)
30.2
(25.9–34.9)
21.8
(15.2–30.2)
34.7
(30.0–39.7)
12.7
(9.3–17.1)
7.4
(4.9–10.9)
18.8
(15.1–23.3)
Michigan
32.0
(29.3–34.9)
33.3
(28.5–38.6)
34.0
(30.2–37.9)
22.0
(16.2–29.1)
34.3
(30.9–38.0)
23.6
(20.2–27.4)
31.2
(20.5–44.4)
29.7**
(18.0–44.9)
Minnesota
34.8
(32.0–37.6)
37.2
(31.7–43.2)
36.3
(32.8–39.9)
24.2
(18.3–31.3)
40.2
(36.9–43.6)
17.1
(11.4–24.7)
26.0
(18.5–35.3)
19.1
(12.3–28.4)
Mississippi
16.3
(14.0–19.0)
17.3
(13.9–21.4)
15.1
(11.9–18.9)
18.5
(10.4–30.7)
23.5
(19.7–27.7)
8.1
(5.8–11.3)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Missouri
31.4
(28.4–34.6)
32.1
(27.1–37.7)
32.1
(28.0–36.5)
25.8
(17.7–36.0)
34.0
(30.7–37.6)
18.4
(11.4–28.2)
16.3**
(6.1–36.9)
27.5**
(14.1–46.8)
Nebraska
34.0
(31.4–36.8)
35.4
(30.5–40.7)
36.5
(32.9–40.2)
18.8
(13.1–26.0)
40.0
(36.4–43.6)
17.5
(13.6–22.4)
27.7
(23.4–32.4)
13.5
(10.0–17.9)
New Jersey
21.8
(19.5–24.2)
21.8
(17.1–27.5)
22.4
(19.5–25.6)
20.0
(15.3–25.6)
30.8
(26.8–35.0)
16.2
(12.0–21.4)
6.7
(4.4–10.2)
16.2
(12.6–20.6)
Ohio
26.7
(23.6–30.1)
26.0
(20.7–32.1)
27.5
(23.4–32.1)
24.8
(16.9–34.9)
28.7
(25.0–32.8)
16.3
(12.8–20.6)
25.0**
(11.5–45.9)
NR
NR
Oklahoma
23.6
(20.6–26.9)
26.0
(21.1–31.5)
22.0
(17.9–26.6)
21.9
(13.2–34.1)
27.2
(23.2–31.6)
14.0
(6.9–26.4)
25.2
(17.7–34.5)
10.4
(5.9–17.6)
Oregon
25.6
(22.3–29.1)
24.5
(18.6–31.4)
29.3
(24.8–34.3)
12.2
(6.9–20.6)
30.6
(25.9–35.7)
21.3
(16.1–27.6)
20.5
(17.8–23.6)
11.1
(8.2–14.7)
Pennsylvania
30.4
(27.2–33.7)
34.6
(28.2–41.6)
31.0
(27.0–35.3)
20.2
(14.4–27.7)
35.7
(31.9–39.6)
15.3
(8.9–25.1)
14.5
(7.7–25.7)
18.0
(9.6–31.3)
Rhode Island
25.9
(23.1–29.0)
22.7
(17.4–29.1)
29.1
(25.3–33.1)
19.2
(13.5–26.4)
30.8
(26.9–34.9)
24.7
(13.9–40.0)
18.3
(11.0–28.9)
15.5
(11.1–21.3)
Tennessee
21.4
(17.6–25.7)
23.1
(17.0–30.5)
24.3
(18.7–30.9)
6.7
(3.0–14.6)
24.1
(19.5–29.5)
8.6
(4.0–17.6)
18.6**
(6.8–41.6)
26.4**
(13.9–44.3)
Texas
19.8
(17.5–22.4)
22.1
(18.0–27.0)
20.1
(17.0–23.6)
12.6
(8.0–19.4)
30.9
(26.8–35.4)
14.8
(11.5–18.7)
17.1
(8.9–30.1)
13.2
(10.0–17.3)
Utah
11.8
(10.1–13.6)
18.5
(14.9–22.6)
9.3
(7.5–11.5)
5.8
(3.0–11.2)
11.9
(10.0–14.1)
NR
NR
11.2
(5.8–20.5)
10.5
(7.2–14.9)
Vermont
29.4
(26.7–32.4)
36.9
(31.1–43.2)
29.1
(25.5–33.0)
18.9
(13.9–25.3)
30.2
(27.2–33.3)
NR
NR
22.1**
(11.3–38.7)
NR
NR
Washington
25.8
(22.9–29.1)
37.7
(31.7–44.0)
20.8
(17.3–24.9)
16.7
(11.0–24.7)
30.2
(25.8–35.0)
16.1
(11.8–21.6)
21.7
(17.2–27.0)
15.8
(12.2–20.2)
West Virginia
21.6
(19.2–24.3)
19.4
(16.0–23.4)
25.1
(21.3–29.2)
13.0
(7.1–22.8)
21.7
(19.2–24.5)
29.4
(15.3–48.9)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wisconsin
34.4
(30.8–38.1)
38.2
(31.2–45.7)
35.5
(30.8–40.4)
22.3
(14.9–31.8)
39.9
(35.3–44.8)
20.4
(15.4–26.5)
14.0
(8.5–22.1)
18.0
(13.2–24.0)
Wyoming
29.5
(25.9–33.4)
41.7
(35.1–48.7)
24.8
(20.6–29.6)
7.6
(3.8–14.6)
30.0
(25.8–34.6)
NR
NR
39.1
(29.7–49.4)
24.6
(19.5–30.5)
Total††
24.4
(23.6–25.1)
26.2
(24.8–27.7)
24.9
(24.0–25.9)
17.8
(16.2–19.6)
30.7
(29.7–31.7)
15.3
(13.9–16.9)
17.2
(15.3–19.3)
14.5
(12.8–16.5)
Median
25.8
26.8
26.3
18.8
30.8
16.3
18.3
15.7
Minimum
11.8
17.3
9.3
5.8
11.9
8.1
5.8
6.4
Maximum
34.8
41.7
36.5
25.8
40.2
45.0
39.1
29.7
Abbreviation: NR = not reported (if <30 respondents).
* Binge drinking before pregnancy was defined as drinking four or more drinks in one sitting at least once in the 3 months before pregnancy.
† White = non-Hispanic white; Black = non-Hispanic black; Other = non-Hispanic other.
§ Percentages and their associated confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for complex survey design and nonresponse.
¶ 95% confidence interval.
** Represents 30–59 respondents; might not be reliable.
†† Chi-square p-value significant at p<0.05 for age group and race/ethnicity.
TABLE 23. Estimated prevalence of women aged 18-44 years who consume fruits and vegetables at least five times per day, overall and by age group and race/ethnicity — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2009
State
Total
Age group (yrs)
Race/Ethnicity*
18–24
25–34
35–44
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
%†
CI§
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
Alabama
22.2
(19.1–25.6)
18.2
(11.0–28.4)
25.1
(20.0–31.1)
21.0
(17.1–25.5)
22.2
(18.4–26.5)
20.9
(15.7–27.3)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Alaska
26.6
(21.0–33.2)
28.0
(15.5–45.2)
26.5
(17.5–38.0)
25.9
(19.0–34.1)
31.3
(23.8–39.8)
NR
NR
14.7
(8.1–25.2)
NR
NR
Arizona
25.7
(20.9–31.3)
25.8¶
(10.8–50.0)
20.9
(15.0–28.2)
30.9
(24.8–37.8)
26.8
(20.1–34.9)
NR
NR
36.0
(23.1–51.3)
17.9
(11.9–26.0)
Arkansas
21.6
(17.3–26.7)
21.4¶
(10.7–38.3)
19.4
(13.2–27.5)
24.0
(18.7–30.4)
21.7
(16.8–27.6)
20.8
(12.6–32.4)
NR
NR
NR
NR
California
29.1
(27.0–31.2)
21.0
(16.4–26.5)
32.5
(29.2–36.0)
31.7
(28.9–34.6)
29.8
(26.8–33.1)
36.0
(23.7–50.5)
31.3
(24.1–39.5)
27.5
(24.5–30.7)
Colorado
26.8
(24.1–29.7)
21.4
(14.7–30.1)
26.2
(22.2–30.6)
30.7
(27.3–34.3)
29.0
(25.8–32.5)
NR
NR
20.2
(10.5–35.1)
22.4
(17.1–28.8)
Connecticut
31.8
(27.8–36.0)
29.3
(18.6–42.9)
30.6
(24.3–37.7)
33.7
(29.0–38.8)
33.6
(28.9–38.6)
16.3
(8.3–29.4)
31.0
(19.0–46.3)
28.5
(17.9–42.2)
Delaware
27.0
(22.5–32.1)
18.7
(9.5–33.4)
29.5
(22.6–37.5)
30.3
(24.6–36.7)
26.6
(21.3–32.6)
21.8
(13.8–32.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
D.C.
33.5
(29.2–38.1)
NR
NR
36.7
(30.4–43.5)
32.1
(26.7–38.0)
37.3
(31.0–44.1)
29.7
(23.2–37.2)
38.8¶
(23.8–56.1)
NR
NR
Florida
26.3
(22.7–30.1)
25.1
(15.7–37.7)
28.0
(21.5–35.6)
25.6
(21.2–30.5)
23.8
(20.0–28.1)
30.8
(21.8–41.4)
26.2
(14.3–43.1)
28.7
(19.9–39.6)
Georgia
26.5
(23.1–30.3)
25.2
(15.8–37.7)
26.2
(20.8–32.5)
27.3
(23.0–32.2)
29.5
(24.8–34.8)
22.6
(17.2–29.1)
32.7¶
(18.8–50.4)
16.4¶
(7.8–31.4)
Hawaii
22.6
(19.2–26.4)
17.0
(10.0–27.2)
25.4
(19.6–32.2)
23.4
(19.2–28.3)
27.6
(20.7–35.8)
NR
NR
19.4
(15.7–23.7)
34.7
(22.2–49.7)
Idaho
30.0
(26.1–34.3)
28.4
(17.9–41.9)
29.3
(23.5–35.8)
31.8
(26.9–37.2)
29.6
(25.4–34.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
30.8
(19.7–44.6)
Illinois
23.4
(20.3–26.9)
15.8
(9.8–24.6)
26.1
(20.9–32.0)
26.0
(21.8–30.7)
21.8
(18.5–25.6)
23.2
(14.6–34.8)
NR
NR
26.5
(17.8–37.5)
Indiana
18.9
(16.1–22.2)
18.2
(11.1–28.5)
20.3
(16.1–25.3)
18.2
(15.1–21.7)
18.4
(15.4–21.8)
20.8
(12.7–32.2)
NR
NR
23.4
(10.6–43.9)
Iowa
19.8
(16.5–23.7)
20.1
(11.7–32.3)
18.6
(14.4–23.6)
20.7
(17.0–25.1)
20.3
(16.8–24.4)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Kansas
19.6
(17.9–21.5)
15.0
(10.8–20.5)
21.6
(18.8–24.6)
20.9
(18.8–23.2)
18.7
(16.8–20.7)
26.2
(18.0–36.4)
30.1
(20.6–41.6)
17.4
(12.2–24.0)
Kentucky
22.7
(19.5–26.3)
30.2
(20.1–42.7)
20.2
(15.5–25.9)
22.3
(18.1–27.1)
22.6
(19.2–26.4)
21.9
(10.1–41.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Louisiana
17.6
(15.4–20.1)
18.1
(12.2–25.9)
15.5
(12.2–19.4)
19.2
(16.1–22.8)
16.3
(13.6–19.3)
20.0
(15.7–25.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maine
31.0
(27.7–34.6)
27.8
(19.5–38.1)
29.7
(24.3–35.8)
33.9
(30.0–38.0)
30.6
(27.2–34.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maryland
29.7
(26.5–33.0)
24.6
(16.6–34.8)
27.8
(23.0–33.2)
34.0
(30.0–38.4)
27.4
(23.9–31.3)
30.1
(24.1–36.9)
29.4
(19.3–42.1)
38.3
(24.3–54.5)
Massachusetts
31.0
(28.0–34.3)
32.5
(24.3–42.0)
28.8
(24.3–33.7)
31.9
(28.6–35.4)
32.5
(28.8–36.4)
29.0
(20.3–39.5)
23.1
(15.2–33.5)
25.6
(18.5–34.3)
Michigan
23.5
(20.7–26.7)
20.4
(14.0–28.7)
24.6
(19.8–30.2)
24.5
(21.0–28.4)
23.4
(20.3–26.9)
20.6
(15.2–27.4)
32.9
(18.6–51.3)
NR
NR
Minnesota
23.7
(20.3–27.5)
16.1
(8.8–27.5)
28.0
(22.6–34.1)
25.3
(21.4–29.5)
24.8
(21.2–28.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Mississippi
19.3
(16.9–21.9)
14.4
(9.2–21.9)
19.2
(15.6–23.5)
22.2
(18.9–25.9)
19.3
(16.2–22.8)
19.7
(15.9–24.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Missouri
22.0
(17.9–26.8)
25.6
(14.3–41.5)
25.8
(19.2–33.7)
16.2
(12.2–21.1)
21.4
(17.1–26.6)
25.3
(13.0–43.4)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Montana
29.6
(25.4–34.1)
31.3
(20.3–44.9)
29.8
(23.8–36.6)
28.2
(23.7–33.2)
29.7
(25.3–34.5)
NR
NR
27.7
(16.3–42.9)
NR
NR
Nebraska
21.8
(18.6–25.5)
23.3
(14.3–35.6)
20.4
(15.5–26.2)
22.9
(18.9–27.5)
21.5
(18.1–25.3)
NR
NR
13.9¶
(5.3–31.7)
28.8
(15.4–47.4)
Nevada
23.9
(19.0–29.5)
29.8¶
(16.6–47.6)
25.6
(18.1–34.9)
19.3
(13.7–26.5)
21.3
(15.6–28.4)
NR
NR
23.8¶
(12.5–40.7)
32.5
(21.0–46.6)
New Hampshire
31.3
(27.4–35.5)
23.9
(14.5–36.7)
31.7
(25.0–39.2)
34.3
(29.4–39.4)
32.3
(28.2–36.7)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
New Jersey
25.6
(23.1–28.3)
15.8
(10.3–23.5)
26.7
(22.7–31.1)
30.2
(27.0–33.6)
24.9
(21.7–28.5)
26.4
(20.5–33.4)
28.5
(20.0–38.9)
24.9
(19.3–31.5)
New Mexico
24.3
(21.2–27.7)
23.4
(15.9–32.9)
25.9
(20.9–31.5)
23.4
(19.8–27.5)
32.0
(26.1–38.6)
NR
NR
30.2
(22.2–39.6)
18.0
(14.4–22.2)
New York
26.2
(22.9–29.7)
19.7
(13.0–28.7)
29.1
(23.7–35.1)
28.0
(23.8–32.7)
28.4
(24.3–32.7)
24.3
(16.3–34.5)
36.6
(23.1–52.7)
15.2
(9.9–22.7)
North Carolina
21.8
(19.3–24.5)
16.3
(10.9–23.7)
25.0
(20.9–29.5)
22.3
(19.1–25.8)
20.6
(17.8–23.7)
22.2
(16.5–29.2)
32.7
(22.6–44.6)
21.3
(12.9–33.0)
North Dakota
23.2
(19.3–27.7)
22.0
(13.7–33.4)
25.5
(20.0–31.9)
22.3
(18.1–27.3)
21.7
(17.8–26.3)
NR
NR
26.1¶
(14.0–43.3)
NR
NR
Ohio
20.9
(18.2–23.9)
14.7
(9.1–22.9)
19.1
(14.8–24.3)
25.5
(21.9–29.5)
21.0
(18.0–24.3)
17.7
(11.8–25.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Oklahoma
13.4
(11.4–15.6)
7.3
(3.5–14.5)
13.8
(10.9–17.3)
15.6
(12.7–19.0)
10.6
(8.6–13.0)
18.8
(11.7–29.0)
22.1
(16.0–29.8)
14.5
(9.1–22.4)
Oregon
28.1
(23.6–33.0)
NR
NR
30.5
(23.7–38.4)
24.3
(19.1–30.2)
28.9
(23.8–34.6)
NR
NR
24.3
(14.6–37.6)
NR
NR
Pennsylvania
25.2
(22.0–28.7)
25.0
(17.5–34.4)
28.6
(23.4–34.5)
22.7
(19.1–26.7)
23.9
(20.5–27.6)
33.0
(20.3–48.8)
NR
NR
22.0¶
(11.9–37.0)
Rhode Island
24.5
(20.9–28.5)
24.7
(15.6–36.9)
23.3
(18.4–29.0)
25.3
(21.5–29.5)
25.7
(21.5–30.5)
15.6¶
(8.2–27.9)
NR
NR
23.6
(14.6–35.9)
South Carolina
16.8
(14.1–19.9)
11.6
(6.5–19.6)
18.4
(13.8–24.1)
17.3
(13.8–21.4)
16.8
(13.4–20.8)
14.3
(10.7–18.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
South Dakota
14.4
(11.4–18.0)
16.0
(8.6–27.8)
14.0
(10.2–19.0)
13.6
(10.3–17.6)
15.0
(11.6–19.1)
NR
NR
9.5
(5.6–15.9)
NR
NR
Tennessee
27.4
(23.7–31.5)
18.2
(9.6–31.8)
25.7
(19.8–32.7)
30.3
(25.2–36.0)
29.6
(25.3–34.3)
20.0
(13.2–29.3)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Texas
25.2
(22.5–28.2)
22.8
(16.1–31.3)
25.6
(21.2–30.5)
25.9
(22.1–30.1)
26.6
(22.8–30.7)
22.4
(13.9–34.0)
31.1
(17.1–49.7)
24.0
(19.8–28.8)
Utah
27.1
(24.1–30.3)
30.0
(22.3–39.1)
24.5
(21.0–28.3)
27.5
(24.3–31.0)
26.6
(23.3–30.1)
NR
NR
32.8
(21.1–47.2)
29.1
(21.2–38.5)
Vermont
32.6
(28.8–36.6)
27.2
(18.0–38.8)
35.4
(29.3–42.0)
34.0
(29.9–38.3)
32.7
(28.8–36.9)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Virginia
31.3
(26.2–36.8)
36.6¶
(22.1–54.0)
31.1
(24.0–39.2)
28.2
(22.9–34.2)
32.9
(26.7–39.8)
25.0
(15.5–37.7)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Washington
27.6
(25.4–29.9)
23.1
(17.3–30.0)
28.9
(25.5–32.5)
29.3
(26.7–32.1)
27.0
(24.6–29.6)
NR
NR
37.0
(28.7–46.2)
23.2
(18.0–29.3)
West Virginia
16.6
(13.8–19.7)
14.2
(8.3–23.3)
16.5
(12.4–21.6)
18.1
(14.4–22.5)
16.4
(13.6–19.7)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wisconsin
22.3
(18.1–27.2)
17.4
(8.8–31.4)
18.8
(12.7–26.8)
28.7
(22.8–35.4)
22.8
(18.2–28.2)
35.0¶
(15.3–61.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wyoming
25.6
(22.1–29.4)
16.1
(8.7–27.9)
27.3
(22.5–32.8)
30.7
(26.0–35.8)
24.9
(21.2–29.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
23.5
(13.8–37.0)
Total**
25.2
(24.5–25.8)
21.6
(20.0–23.3)
25.9
(24.9–26.9)
26.4
(25.5–27.2)
25.0
(24.3–25.7)
24.2
(22.2–26.2)
29.6
(26.9–32.5)
24.3
(22.6–26.1)
Median
25.2
21.4
25.8
25.6
24.9
22.3
29.4
23.8
Minimum
13.4
7.3
13.8
13.6
10.6
14.3
9.5
14.5
Maximum
33.5
36.6
36.7
34.3
37.3
36.0
38.8
38.3
Abbreviation: NR = not reported (if <50 respondents).
* White = non-Hispanic white; Black = non-Hispanic black; Other = non-Hispanic other.
† Percentages and their associated confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for complex survey design and nonresponse.
§ 95% confidence interval.
¶ Represents 50–59 respondents; might not be reliable.
** Chi-square p-value significant at p<0.05 for age group and race/ethnicity.
TABLE 24. Estimated prevalence of women aged 18–44 years who are overweight (but not obese),* overall and by age group and race/ethnicity — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2009
State
Total
Age group (yrs)
Race/Ethnicity†
18–24
25–34
35–44
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
%§
CI¶
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
Alabama
26.8
(23.6–30.4)
28.1
(19.5–38.7)
25.6
(20.6–31.5)
27.5
(22.9–32.6)
25.0
(21.0–29.5)
30.3
(24.6–36.7)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Alaska
33.0
(26.8–39.9)
33.4
(19.0–51.7)
29.0
(19.3–41.1)
36.7
(29.0–45.2)
33.0
(25.5–41.6)
NR
NR
32.3
(20.6–46.6)
NR
NR
Arizona
25.6
(20.7–31.3)
19.9**
(7.0–45.0)
25.7
(19.1–33.7)
28.2
(22.3–34.9)
28.4
(21.6–36.5)
NR
NR
24.3
(13.4–40.2)
23.3
(15.6–33.4)
Arkansas
22.2
(17.7–27.4)
21.2**
(10.7–37.5)
22.1
(15.1–31.1)
22.9
(17.8–28.8)
21.4
(16.6–27.2)
26.7
(16.9–39.5)
NR
NR
NR
NR
California
25.8
(23.8–27.8)
17.4
(13.2–22.5)
26.9
(23.9–30.3)
30.9
(28.1–33.7)
22.4
(19.6–25.4)
19.7
(12.3–29.9)
21.9
(16.8–27.9)
29.9
(26.7–33.3)
Colorado
25.6
(22.8–28.6)
23.1
(15.5–32.9)
23.9
(20.1–28.3)
28.7
(25.4–32.2)
23.9
(20.7–27.4)
NR
NR
24.1
(13.8–38.8)
31.9
(25.4–39.1)
Connecticut
24.6
(21.1–28.4)
13.2
(6.6–24.5)
27.7
(21.9–34.3)
27.7
(23.1–32.7)
22.3
(18.5–26.7)
32.9
(19.2–50.3)
29.9
(18.3–44.9)
32.6
(21.5–45.9)
Delaware
26.9
(22.5–31.7)
13.4
(6.8–24.7)
32.7
(25.5–40.8)
31.2
(25.5–37.5)
24.1
(19.5–29.4)
33.8
(23.6–45.7)
NR
NR
NR
NR
D.C.
20.1
(16.8–23.9)
NR
NR
19.1
(14.6–24.6)
21.9
(17.0–27.7)
12.5
(8.7–17.5)
28.1
(22.2–34.9)
15.4**
(7.4–29.3)
NR
NR
Florida
28.0
(24.2–32.1)
22.4
(12.6–36.7)
28.2
(21.9–35.5)
28.9
(23.9–34.5)
26.1
(22.0–30.6)
26.0
(17.1–37.5)
40.0
(24.4–58.0)
31.3
(21.5–43.2)
Georgia
29.1
(25.3–33.1)
30.5
(18.9–45.1)
33.0
(27.0–39.7)
24.1
(20.0–28.8)
23.4
(19.2–28.1)
38.0
(30.8–45.8)
34.6**
(20.0–52.8)
NR
NR
Hawaii
24.0
(20.5–27.9)
20.8
(13.0–31.7)
22.5
(17.1–29.0)
27.5
(22.9–32.7)
20.1
(14.3–27.5)
NR
NR
23.1
(19.0–27.7)
38.1
(25.5–52.5)
Idaho
26.2
(22.5–30.2)
14.0
(7.8–23.7)
29.7
(23.7–36.5)
29.1
(24.2–34.6)
25.2
(21.4–29.5)
NR
NR
NR
NR
33.2
(21.4–47.7)
Illinois
29.2
(25.7–32.9)
23.1
(15.2–33.4)
33.6
(27.9–39.7)
29.4
(25.2–34.0)
25.6
(21.9–29.6)
34.6
(25.0–45.6)
26.2**
(15.3–41.2)
39.6
(28.5–51.9)
Indiana
28.4
(25.0–32.0)
24.3
(16.1–34.9)
32.1
(27.0–37.6)
28.0
(24.1–32.2)
28.2
(24.5–32.2)
34.3
(22.5–48.5)
NR
NR
23.1
(13.6–36.4)
Iowa
25.6
(22.0–29.6)
22.1
(13.8–33.5)
27.3
(22.1–33.3)
26.6
(22.4–31.2)
25.5
(21.8–29.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Kansas
27.8
(25.6–30.1)
29.1
(23.0–36.1)
27.1
(24.0–30.5)
27.5
(25.1–30.0)
28.2
(25.8–30.8)
23.2
(14.7–34.6)
26.7
(17.3–38.8)
27.3
(19.7–36.5)
Kentucky
24.7
(21.5–28.2)
11.8
(6.7–20.0)
26.5
(21.3–32.4)
27.9
(23.4–33.0)
25.1
(21.7–28.8)
16.4
(7.2–33.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Louisiana
24.7
(22.2–27.5)
24.6
(17.8–33.0)
20.7
(17.0–24.9)
28.4
(24.8–32.4)
25.0
(21.8–28.4)
23.1
(18.8–28.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maine
26.3
(23.0–29.8)
26.1
(17.6–37.0)
22.4
(17.5–28.1)
29.4
(25.7–33.4)
26.0
(22.7–29.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maryland
25.4
(22.6–28.5)
23.2
(15.9–32.5)
24.1
(20.0–28.8)
27.8
(24.2–31.8)
25.1
(21.8–28.7)
29.7
(23.5–36.7)
19.3
(11.9–29.8)
20.5
(11.2–34.5)
Massachusetts
24.6
(21.9–27.5)
21.4
(14.9–29.8)
23.7
(19.5–28.4)
27.4
(24.3–30.8)
23.5
(20.4–26.9)
27.9
(19.7–37.9)
26.2
(16.0–39.7)
29.3
(22.2–37.5)
Michigan
23.9
(21.0–27.0)
21.7
(15.1–30.2)
25.6
(20.8–31.1)
23.5
(20.2–27.3)
25.4
(22.0–29.1)
22.2
(16.0–30.0)
16.0
(8.7–27.6)
NR
NR
Minnesota
25.9
(22.3–29.9)
23.8
(14.8–35.8)
27.8
(22.4–33.9)
25.7
(21.7–30.2)
25.1
(21.4–29.3)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Mississippi
26.6
(23.9–29.6)
27.3
(19.9–36.3)
25.3
(21.3–29.8)
27.9
(24.5–31.7)
27.4
(23.7–31.4)
25.9
(21.7–30.7)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Missouri
26.3
(22.3–30.9)
18.8
(10.5–31.2)
29.2
(22.6–36.9)
27.5
(22.3–33.4)
26.6
(22.2–31.5)
19.9
(11.4–32.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Montana
28.7
(24.8–33.0)
23.2
(14.1–35.8)
32.5
(26.3–39.5)
28.6
(24.0–33.7)
28.6
(24.3–33.3)
NR
NR
24.5
(15.3–37.0)
NR
NR
Nebraska
24.3
(21.1–27.8)
19.0
(12.1–28.4)
22.7
(17.9–28.4)
28.7
(24.2–33.7)
25.3
(21.8–29.1)
NR
NR
27.0
(13.2–47.3)
17.5
(10.6–27.5)
Nevada
28.3
(22.9–34.3)
22.8**
(11.7–39.6)
29.5
(20.7–40.1)
29.3
(22.5–37.2)
22.5
(17.0–29.2)
NR
NR
41.3**
(23.7–61.5)
38.7
(25.9–53.2)
New Hampshire
24.1
(20.2–28.6)
27.6
(15.7–43.8)
20.4
(14.9–27.4)
25.5
(21.2–30.3)
23.7
(19.8–28.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
New Jersey
30.2
(27.2–33.4)
23.1
(15.3–33.3)
34.1
(29.6–39.0)
31.3
(28.0–34.8)
25.2
(21.5–29.2)
37.8
(30.4–45.7)
35.5
(25.2–47.4)
36.9
(29.8–44.6)
New Mexico
27.2
(23.8–30.8)
24.9
(17.0–35.0)
27.5
(22.4–33.3)
28.4
(24.4–32.8)
20.1
(15.7–25.4)
NR
NR
33.9
(24.8–44.4)
29.8
(24.8–35.4)
New York
23.2
(20.2–26.4)
15.1
(9.2–23.8)
22.0
(17.5–27.4)
29.2
(25.0–33.9)
23.2
(19.6–27.3)
25.4
(17.8–34.8)
13.1
(6.3–25.4)
23.4
(16.6–31.9)
North Carolina
30.3
(27.0–33.9)
30.4
(21.0–41.8)
29.5
(25.1–34.4)
30.9
(27.1–35.0)
28.6
(25.0–32.5)
31.9
(23.7–41.4)
21.5
(12.8–33.8)
47.9
(35.1–60.9)
North Dakota
27.7
(23.4–32.5)
20.7
(12.1–33.1)
26.2
(20.4–32.8)
36.4
(31.3–42.0)
29.2
(24.5–34.4)
NR
NR
30.9**
(17.5–48.4)
NR
NR
Ohio
26.6
(23.4–30.0)
24.7
(16.0–36.1)
27.6
(22.5–33.3)
26.3
(22.6–30.3)
27.2
(23.7–31.0)
22.8
(15.7–31.7)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Oklahoma
27.9
(25.1–31.0)
25.2
(17.9–34.2)
28.7
(24.2–33.6)
28.3
(24.6–32.3)
27.1
(23.7–30.8)
33.1
(23.6–44.1)
26.5
(19.9–34.3)
33.4
(23.5–45.1)
Oregon
27.2
(22.7–32.2)
NR
NR
33.1
(25.9–41.2)
23.9
(18.9–29.6)
29.1
(23.9–35.0)
NR
NR
15.9
(8.5–27.8)
NR
NR
Pennsylvania
25.8
(22.5–29.4)
22.7
(15.3–32.3)
26.8
(21.6–32.8)
27.2
(23.4–31.5)
23.5
(20.2–27.1)
41.4
(27.0–57.4)
NR
NR
24.9**
(13.2–41.8)
Rhode Island
26.6
(22.9–30.6)
21.2
(13.0–32.6)
28.8
(23.2–35.2)
28.6
(24.3–33.2)
25.8
(21.7–30.4)
25.0**
(11.7–45.7)
NR
NR
32.7
(21.6–46.0)
South Carolina
26.4
(23.0–30.0)
17.9
(10.6–28.5)
28.7
(23.0–35.2)
27.6
(23.3–32.5)
24.1
(20.0–28.8)
28.4
(22.5–35.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
South Dakota
29.0
(24.9–33.5)
26.6
(16.9–39.3)
33.2
(27.2–39.7)
26.8
(22.2–31.9)
26.7
(22.5–31.4)
NR
NR
47.0
(34.6–59.8)
NR
NR
Tennessee
27.1
(23.3–31.2)
21.8
(11.7–36.9)
25.0
(19.0–32.0)
29.5
(24.3–35.3)
26.8
(22.6–31.5)
26.1
(18.1–36.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Texas
30.6
(27.5–33.9)
32.2
(23.6–42.2)
31.6
(26.7–36.9)
29.2
(25.0–33.7)
26.5
(22.4–31.0)
27.4
(18.7–38.4)
35.2
(20.3–53.7)
36.0
(30.7–41.6)
Utah
24.2
(21.5–27.2)
20.5
(14.2–28.8)
24.7
(21.1–28.7)
27.3
(24.0–30.8)
23.5
(20.5–26.8)
NR
NR
23.3
(14.3–35.7)
31.2
(22.4–41.6)
Vermont
23.6
(20.4–27.1)
15.6
(9.3–25.1)
29.5
(23.9–35.9)
24.4
(20.8–28.5)
24.5
(21.2–28.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Virginia
20.0
(16.3–24.2)
6.2**
(2.2–16.5)
25.1
(18.7–32.7)
24.8
(20.0–30.4)
19.8
(15.5–24.9)
17.4
(10.3–27.7)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Washington
25.3
(23.2–27.6)
17.5
(12.7–23.6)
27.8
(24.3–31.5)
28.1
(25.4–30.9)
23.5
(21.2–25.9)
NR
NR
29.5
(21.8–38.6)
32.2
(25.7–39.4)
West Virginia
25.9
(22.4–29.8)
24.6
(16.0–35.8)
27.4
(22.2–33.3)
25.5
(21.0–30.6)
26.3
(22.6–30.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wisconsin
26.5
(21.5–32.2)
27.6
(16.0–43.3)
25.9
(18.4–35.2)
26.3
(20.4–33.1)
26.2
(20.9–32.2)
36.6**
(16.5–62.9)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wyoming
23.7
(20.2–27.6)
12.0
(5.3–24.8)
23.8
(19.1–29.2)
31.9
(26.9–37.3)
24.5
(20.7–28.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
23.4**
(13.2–38.2)
Total††
26.6
(25.9–27.2)
21.6
(20.0–23.4)
27.7
(26.6–28.7)
28.3
(27.4–29.1)
25.0
(24.3–25.8)
28.4
(26.4–30.5)
25.6
(23.2–28.2)
31.1
(29.1–33.1)
Median
26.3
22.7
27.3
27.9
25.2
27.7
26.4
31.3
Minimum
20.0
6.2
19.1
21.9
12.5
16.4
13.1
17.5
Maximum
33.0
33.4
34.1
36.7
33.0
41.4
47.0
47.9
Abbreviation: NR = not reported (if <50 respondents).
* Overweight (but not obese) was defined as having a body mass index between 25.0–29.9.
† White = non-Hispanic white; Black = non-Hispanic black; Other = non-Hispanic other.
§ Percentages and their associated confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for complex survey design and nonresponse.
¶ 95% confidence interval.
** Represents 50–59 respondents; might not be reliable.
†† Chi-square p-value significant at p<0.05 for age group and race/ethnicity.
TABLE 25. Estimated prevalence of women having a live birth aged 18–44 years who were overweight (but not obese) just before they became pregnant,* overall and by age group and race/ethnicity — Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, United States, 29 reporting areas, 2009
State
Total
Age group (yrs)
Race/Ethnicity†
18–24
25–34
35–44
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
%§
CI¶
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
Alaska
28.9
(25.8–32.3)
24.9
(20.2–30.4)
30.9
(26.7–35.5)
32.5
(23.0–43.7)
27.6
(23.4–32.2)
27.2**
(10.9–53.2)
30.0
(25.6–34.7)
39.5
(23.9–57.6)
Arkansas
24.4
(21.1–28.1)
27.9
(22.5–34.0)
20.7
(16.5–25.6)
30.7
(19.7–44.4)
24.8
(20.9–29.1)
24.7
(17.5–33.6)
NR
NR
22.6
(12.2–38.0)
Colorado
23.0
(20.4–25.9)
19.9
(15.2–25.5)
23.7
(20.2–27.6)
25.7
(19.2–33.5)
20.9
(18.0–24.2)
40.2**
(19.9–64.5)
8.5
(3.4–19.6)
29.9
(23.9–36.6)
Delaware
24.1
(21.6–26.9)
23.4
(18.8–28.6)
24.8
(21.3–28.7)
23.3
(17.5–30.3)
23.4
(20.1–27.0)
25.5
(20.3–31.5)
19.9
(11.7–31.8)
27.3
(20.0–36.2)
Georgia
32.1
(27.5–37.2)
32.3
(24.8–40.8)
33.9
(27.5–41.0)
22.5
(12.2–37.9)
28.5
(22.2–35.8)
34.5
(26.6–43.3)
21.0**
(8.2–44.3)
41.5
(28.8–55.4)
Hawaii
22.2
(19.6–25.1)
24.2
(19.4–29.7)
21.4
(18.0–25.3)
21.0
(15.2–28.4)
20.5
(15.2–27.1)
NR
NR
23.4
(19.9–27.2)
20.1
(15.0–26.5)
Illinois
26.5
(24.1–29.1)
25.4
(21.0–30.4)
27.9
(24.7–31.4)
23.7
(18.3–30.0)
24.6
(21.6–27.9)
27.3
(20.9–34.9)
31.9
(22.4–43.1)
29.3
(24.1–35.2)
Maine
24.6
(21.7–27.7)
19.5
(14.8–25.2)
27.9
(23.9–32.2)
22.1
(15.1–31.1)
25.0
(22.0–28.3)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maryland
21.9
(18.9–25.3)
19.3
(13.4–27.2)
22.5
(18.2–27.4)
23.6
(20.1–27.4)
19.1
(15.2–23.7)
24.6
(19.1–31.1)
18.4
(10.0–31.5)
29.3
(19.4–41.7)
Massachusetts
21.6
(18.8–24.7)
16.9
(12.4–22.6)
22.4
(18.7–26.6)
24.9
(18.4–32.7)
20.5
(16.7–24.8)
30.1
(25.0–35.8)
15.2
(11.5–20.0)
25.7
(21.1–30.9)
Michigan
24.7
(22.2–27.3)
21.5
(17.5–26.1)
26.9
(23.4–30.6)
23.1
(17.2–30.3)
25.6
(22.5–29.1)
24.9
(21.4–28.7)
17.4
(9.7–29.3)
20.2**
(10.7–34.7)
Minnesota
26.5
(23.9–29.2)
26.9
(21.9–32.7)
25.1
(22.0–28.4)
31.8
(25.0–39.5)
24.9
(22.1–27.9)
26.2
(17.9–36.7)
37.4
(28.3–47.6)
31.6
(21.8–43.3)
Mississippi
22.7
(20.0–25.6)
23.5
(19.5–28.0)
21.9
(18.1–26.2)
22.6
(13.8–34.9)
21.1
(17.5–25.3)
24.5
(20.5–29.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Missouri
24.0
(21.2–26.9)
23.9
(19.4–29.0)
23.7
(20.2–27.7)
25.4
(17.7–35.0)
23.4
(20.5–26.5)
26.2
(17.9–36.5)
25.5**
(12.5–44.9)
29.8**
(15.4–49.9)
Nebraska
24.5
(22.1–27.0)
20.6
(16.7–25.2)
25.6
(22.4–29.0)
28.7
(22.1–36.3)
23.5
(20.5–26.7)
30.9
(25.6–36.6)
23.3
(18.5–28.9)
29.2
(24.1–35.0)
New Jersey
23.5
(21.1–26.1)
25.4
(20.0–31.7)
21.8
(18.9–25.1)
26.4
(21.1–32.6)
21.7
(18.2–25.6)
26.2
(20.8–32.5)
17.9
(13.9–22.8)
28.8
(23.5–34.8)
Ohio
25.0
(22.0–28.3)
22.7
(17.6–28.7)
25.2
(21.2–29.6)
30.8
(22.5–40.6)
24.7
(21.1–28.6)
28.3
(23.7–33.4)
19.3**
(8.7–37.4)
NR
NR
Oklahoma
23.5
(20.4–26.9)
26.0
(21.0–31.7)
22.0
(17.9–26.7)
20.3
(11.9–32.5)
23.0
(19.2–27.1)
26.6
(16.0–40.7)
25.8
(18.0–35.4)
20.8
(13.6–30.6)
Oregon
25.2
(22.1–28.7)
20.5
(15.6–26.6)
26.3
(22.1–31.0)
29.4
(21.2–39.2)
23.8
(19.6–28.6)
29.6
(23.7–36.2)
20.0
(17.1–23.3)
33.1
(28.2–38.5)
Pennsylvania
22.2
(19.4–25.3)
19.2
(14.3–25.3)
23.4
(19.6–27.5)
24.1
(17.5–32.1)
21.2
(18.1–24.6)
28.1
(18.9–39.5)
17.1
(9.8–28.1)
29.0
(17.4–44.1)
Rhode Island
27.7
(24.8–30.8)
25.5
(19.9–32.1)
28.0
(24.2–32.1)
30.1
(23.3–38.0)
24.1
(20.5–27.9)
39.8
(26.6–54.5)
35.2
(24.9–47.2)
33.2
(26.8–40.3)
Tennessee
23.0
(19.0–27.5)
22.8
(16.6–30.4)
22.4
(16.9–29.0)
25.8
(16.0–38.9)
18.6
(14.5–23.6)
28.9
(19.4–40.8)
43.1**
(23.2–65.5)
39.5**
(21.8–60.4)
Texas
25.5
(22.7–28.5)
26.0
(21.3–31.4)
23.5
(19.9–27.6)
31.8
(24.0–40.8)
23.3
(19.5–27.5)
21.3
(17.4–25.8)
32.2**
(20.3–47.0)
27.8
(23.0–33.2)
Utah
23.0
(20.7–25.5)
19.3
(15.7–23.5)
24.2
(21.2–27.5)
27.0
(19.2–36.6)
21.4
(18.8–24.2)
NR
NR
15.3
(8.1–27.1)
33.0
(27.0–39.7)
Vermont
23.3
(20.7–26.0)
24.4
(19.4–30.2)
23.8
(20.5–27.5)
19.7
(14.5–26.1)
22.8
(20.2–25.7)
NR
NR
36.8**
(22.9–53.3)
NR
NR
Washington
26.9
(23.9–30.2)
26.2
(20.9–32.4)
27.4
(23.3–32.0)
26.7
(19.6–35.3)
27.4
(23.2–32.2)
28.1
(22.6–34.4)
21.5
(17.0–26.8)
29.9
(24.5–35.9)
West Virginia
23.8
(21.2–26.6)
21.7
(18.0–25.8)
25.8
(22.0–29.9)
23.3
(15.2–34.0)
23.7
(21.1–26.6)
24.8
(12.0–44.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wisconsin
24.9
(21.7–28.3)
23.1
(17.6–29.8)
25.6
(21.5–30.2)
25.2
(17.2–35.3)
23.2
(19.3–27.5)
32.6
(26.4–39.6)
26.3
(18.7–35.6)
31.2
(24.3–38.9)
Wyoming
21.2
(18.2–24.6)
19.2
(14.6–24.8)
21.5
(17.6–26.1)
28.4
(16.8–43.6)
20.8
(17.3–24.8)
NR
NR
27.6
(19.2–37.9)
21.4
(16.3–27.6)
Total††
24.9
(24.1–25.7)
24.2
(22.7–25.7)
24.9
(23.9–26.0)
26.7
(24.6–28.9)
23.4
(22.5–24.3)
27.2
(25.3–29.2)
23.3
(21.0–25.7)
29.3
(26.6–32.1)
Median
24.1
23.4
24.2
25.4
23.4
27.2
23.3
29.3
Minimum
21.2
16.9
20.7
19.7
18.6
21.3
8.5
20.1
Maximum
32.1
32.3
33.9
32.5
28.5
40.2
43.1
41.5
Abbreviation: NR = not reported (if <30 respondents).
* Overweight (but not obese) was defined as having a body mass index between 25.0–29.9.
† White = non-Hispanic white; Black = non-Hispanic black; Other = non-Hispanic other.
§ Percentages and their associated confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for complex survey design and nonresponse.
¶ 95% confidence interval.
** Represents 30–59 respondents; might not be reliable.
†† Chi-square p-value significant at p<0.05 for race/ethnicity.
TABLE 26. Estimated prevalence of women aged 18–44 years who are obese,* overall and by age group and race/ethnicity — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2009
State
Total
Age group (yrs)
Race/Ethnicity†
18–24
25–34
35–44
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
%§
CI¶
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
Alabama
29.5
(26.2–32.9)
16.9
(10.6–25.8)
28.7
(23.8–34.2)
34.6
(29.6–39.9)
24.0
(20.2–28.3)
42.7
(36.6–49.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Alaska
21.4
(16.7–26.9)
13.4
(6.1–27.2)
21.7
(14.3–31.5)
26.1
(19.4–34.3)
17.7
(12.7–24.1)
NR
NR
22.2
(13.5–34.4)
NR
NR
Arizona
27.0
(21.2–33.9)
28.1**
(9.1–60.4)
26.6
(19.9–34.7)
27.1
(21.3–33.7)
23.4
(16.4–32.2)
NR
NR
35.2
(22.6–50.3)
28.2
(16.8–43.2)
Arkansas
30.8
(26.0–36.0)
21.6**
(12.1–35.4)
29.9
(22.3–38.9)
37.2
(30.8–44.1)
29.4
(24.1–35.3)
45.9
(33.3–59.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
California
21.8
(20.0–23.8)
12.7
(9.3–17.2)
23.0
(20.0–26.2)
27.5
(24.8–30.3)
15.7
(13.5–18.3)
33.5
(22.4–46.9)
10.5
(6.8–15.8)
28.6
(25.5–31.8)
Colorado
15.8
(13.7–18.1)
9.3
(5.4–15.7)
20.2
(16.5–24.4)
15.5
(13.1–18.4)
12.7
(10.7–15.0)
NR
NR
26.4
(15.4–41.3)
20.7
(15.4–27.2)
Connecticut
14.5
(11.8–17.6)
9.8
(4.7–19.2)
15.3
(11.0–21.0)
16.0
(12.6–20.2)
13.1
(10.3–16.6)
18.7
(10.1–32.1)
5.5
(1.7–16.5)
28.4
(17.6–42.3)
Delaware
21.4
(17.4–26.1)
14.6
(6.5–29.6)
20.0
(14.5–26.8)
27.5
(22.2–33.5)
18.9
(14.5–24.3)
35.4
(24.3–48.3)
NR
NR
NR
NR
D.C.
19.9
(16.4–23.9)
NR
NR
19.4
(14.6–25.3)
20.4
(15.8–25.9)
5.3
(2.9– 9.4)
34.5
(27.8–41.8)
15.6**
(7.4–30.1)
NR
NR
Florida
22.9
(19.7–26.5)
16.9
(8.9–29.7)
27.9
(22.0–34.8)
21.3
(17.3–25.8)
20.4
(16.8–24.4)
35.6
(26.2–46.3)
18.2
(8.9–33.6)
19.5
(12.7–28.8)
Georgia
25.1
(21.7–28.8)
18.1
(10.9–28.5)
23.5
(18.1–29.7)
29.4
(24.9–34.4)
20.9
(16.9–25.5)
33.1
(26.7–40.1)
11.3**
(4.6–25.4)
NR
NR
Hawaii
23.2
(19.5–27.4)
18.5
(10.6–30.4)
27.9
(21.4–35.4)
22.1
(17.9–26.9)
18.3
(12.7–25.7)
NR
NR
23.9
(19.3–29.3)
22.2
(13.0–35.3)
Idaho
21.0
(17.8–24.7)
13.1
(6.7–24.1)
21.1
(16.1–27.0)
25.6
(21.1–30.7)
20.3
(16.8–24.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
29.5
(18.6–43.3)
Illinois
22.5
(19.4–25.9)
15.6
(9.3–25.0)
21.1
(16.4–26.8)
28.3
(24.0–33.0)
18.6
(15.4–22.3)
34.8
(25.4–45.6)
17.1**
(9.0–30.1)
28.9
(19.2–41.1)
Indiana
27.2
(24.1–30.5)
22.2
(15.1–31.4)
27.0
(22.5–32.1)
30.8
(26.8–35.1)
25.9
(22.6–29.6)
37.2
(26.7–49.1)
NR
NR
34.6
(21.7–50.2)
Iowa
25.5
(21.8–29.5)
17.0
(9.3–29.1)
29.6
(24.2–35.6)
28.1
(23.7–33.0)
24.9
(21.2–29.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Kansas
24.3
(22.4–26.3)
12.5
(8.6–17.7)
25.8
(22.8–29.0)
31.1
(28.6–33.8)
23.3
(21.2–25.5)
36.7
(27.3–47.3)
21.4
(13.9–31.5)
30.1
(22.5–38.9)
Kentucky
29.3
(25.9–33.0)
20.5
(12.1–32.7)
29.0
(23.8–34.9)
32.9
(28.1–38.0)
28.9
(25.3–32.8)
36.6
(21.0–55.7)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Louisiana
31.4
(28.5–34.5)
21.6
(15.1–29.9)
34.1
(29.3–39.4)
33.2
(29.2–37.5)
24.7
(21.3–28.4)
46.9
(41.1–52.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maine
25.1
(22.0–28.4)
16.6
(10.2–25.8)
28.5
(23.2–34.4)
27.3
(23.7–31.4)
25.6
(22.4–29.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maryland
26.8
(23.7–30.3)
21.3
(13.7–31.7)
26.2
(21.3–31.7)
30.6
(26.5–35.0)
18.8
(15.6–22.4)
41.5
(34.7–48.7)
16.9
(9.4–28.6)
42.3
(27.2–59.0)
Massachusetts
16.6
(14.4–19.1)
9.0
(5.3–15.0)
19.1
(15.1–23.9)
19.4
(16.5–22.5)
13.7
(11.3–16.4)
31.9
(22.6–43.0)
15.9
(9.3–26.0)
27.2
(19.7–36.2)
Michigan
28.9
(26.0–32.1)
17.2
(11.7–24.6)
29.9
(24.8–35.6)
35.1
(31.1–39.4)
25.7
(22.5–29.1)
50.5
(42.0–59.0)
15.7
(8.2–28.0)
NR
NR
Minnesota
24.6
(20.8–28.8)
28.2
(18.1–41.2)
21.6
(16.7–27.4)
24.7
(20.8–29.1)
22.7
(19.0–26.9)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Mississippi
36.4
(33.4–39.6)
19.4
(13.8–26.5)
39.3
(34.4–44.5)
42.6
(38.6–46.7)
26.7
(23.0–30.7)
50.3
(45.2–55.4)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Missouri
28.2
(24.0–32.7)
10.0
(5.2–18.4)
30.5
(23.6–38.5)
35.7
(29.8–42.1)
26.9
(22.5–31.9)
42.8
(29.2–57.5)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Montana
19.3
(16.1–23.0)
12.8
(6.7–23.2)
18.0
(13.3–23.9)
24.7
(20.1–30.0)
16.9
(13.7–20.6)
NR
NR
36.6
(24.3–51.0)
NR
NR
Nebraska
23.0
(19.6–26.8)
14.1
(8.0–23.6)
26.6
(20.6–33.6)
23.2
(19.5–27.4)
20.6
(17.3–24.3)
NR
NR
37.9
(20.0–59.9)
35.2
(19.3–55.3)
Nevada
22.3
(17.2–28.4)
1.4**
(0.2– 9.7)
25.2
(16.3–37.0)
28.4
(21.6–36.3)
21.4
(15.0–29.7)
NR
NR
8.3**
(3.6–17.8)
28.5
(18.4–41.4)
New Hampshire
21.2
(17.6–25.2)
11.5
(5.7–21.6)
25.8
(18.8–34.4)
21.8
(17.9–26.3)
21.1
(17.4–25.3)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
New Jersey
18.3
(16.0–20.8)
11.9
(7.0–19.6)
20.2
(16.4–24.6)
20.5
(17.8–23.5)
15.3
(12.6–18.5)
34.0
(26.8–42.0)
9.5
(4.7–18.2)
20.8
(15.9–26.8)
New Mexico
26.5
(23.4–29.9)
14.5
(9.4–21.7)
29.1
(23.6–35.3)
32.7
(28.4–37.2)
23.9
(19.2–29.3)
NR
NR
27.4
(19.4–37.3)
27.8
(23.3–32.8)
New York
22.7
(19.5–26.1)
18.6
(11.7–28.2)
24.5
(19.6–30.1)
23.7
(19.5–28.4)
19.8
(16.2–23.9)
30.9
(21.5–42.2)
20.0
(10.2–35.4)
27.9
(20.6–36.6)
North Carolina
27.9
(24.9–31.1)
20.1
(13.2–29.4)
29.0
(24.5–33.9)
31.5
(27.6–35.6)
24.7
(21.3–28.4)
42.1
(33.7–50.9)
24.6
(14.4–38.7)
17.3
(11.1–25.9)
North Dakota
23.0
(19.1–27.5)
17.2
(9.7–28.7)
28.0
(22.2–34.7)
24.3
(19.9–29.4)
18.5
(15.1–22.5)
NR
NR
37.7**
(23.6–54.3)
NR
NR
Ohio
25.2
(22.3–28.4)
14.0
(8.7–21.8)
27.4
(22.5–33.0)
27.4
(23.7–31.5)
24.0
(20.9–27.4)
44.1
(33.9–54.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Oklahoma
30.7
(27.7–33.8)
24.8
(16.7–35.0)
29.7
(25.2–34.6)
34.4
(30.4–38.7)
28.4
(24.9–32.3)
45.9
(35.3–56.9)
34.8
(27.5–43.0)
30.1
(21.1–41.0)
Oregon
22.0
(17.9–26.6)
NR
NR
22.4
(16.3–30.1)
24.9
(19.6–31.0)
21.1
(16.6–26.3)
NR
NR
29.2
(18.2–43.3)
NR
NR
Pennsylvania
23.3
(20.3–26.6)
16.0
(10.3–24.0)
25.4
(20.3–31.1)
27.0
(23.0–31.4)
21.2
(18.2–24.6)
38.5
(25.3–53.5)
NR
NR
28.2**
(16.1–44.6)
Rhode Island
24.0
(19.9–28.6)
24.7
(14.3–39.3)
23.4
(18.3–29.4)
23.9
(20.0–28.3)
22.9
(18.2–28.4)
46.6**
(28.6–65.6)
NR
NR
23.4
(14.9–34.8)
South Carolina
31.7
(27.9–35.8)
29.2
(18.3–43.3)
32.5
(26.4–39.3)
32.0
(27.3–37.1)
27.8
(22.9–33.2)
43.5
(36.7–50.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
South Dakota
25.2
(21.5–29.3)
13.2
(6.6–24.8)
29.0
(23.2–35.5)
30.8
(25.9–36.1)
25.1
(21.0–29.7)
NR
NR
25.0
(17.6–34.1)
NR
NR
Tennessee
34.2
(30.2–38.5)
22.7
(13.4–35.9)
36.4
(29.6–43.9)
35.1
(29.7–40.9)
30.5
(26.2–35.1)
53.2
(42.7–63.5)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Texas
27.4
(24.4–30.6)
20.3
(13.8–29.0)
24.7
(20.4–29.5)
32.5
(28.0–37.4)
21.6
(18.1–25.7)
35.4
(25.4–46.9)
11.4
(4.7–25.1)
34.4
(29.1–40.1)
Utah
17.8
(15.6–20.3)
9.2
(5.4–15.2)
22.5
(18.9–26.6)
20.5
(17.5–23.8)
17.4
(15.0–20.1)
NR
NR
15.0
(7.8–26.8)
24.1
(16.8–33.3)
Vermont
17.1
(14.1–20.6)
13.8
(7.1–25.1)
15.9
(11.8–21.1)
20.3
(16.8–24.2)
16.7
(13.8–20.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Virginia
26.4
(21.7–31.8)
15.4**
(6.2–33.5)
30.0
(22.8–38.5)
30.8
(25.3–36.9)
21.9
(17.2–27.5)
55.9
(40.2–70.5)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Washington
24.1
(22.0–26.3)
17.7
(12.5–24.3)
25.6
(22.4–29.1)
26.8
(24.2–29.6)
24.0
(21.6–26.5)
NR
NR
16.2
(11.3–22.5)
31.6
(25.1–39.0)
West Virginia
31.3
(27.6–35.3)
20.5
(12.5–31.7)
33.5
(27.7–39.8)
36.2
(31.1–41.6)
30.4
(26.6–34.5)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wisconsin
23.8
(19.5–28.8)
13.1
(5.8–27.0)
25.3
(18.3–33.9)
29.8
(23.9–36.5)
21.4
(17.0–26.6)
45.1**
(25.6–66.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wyoming
22.7
(19.0–27.0)
25.8
(15.7–39.5)
21.7
(17.1–27.2)
21.6
(17.5–26.2)
20.6
(16.9–24.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
28.4**
(14.3–48.5)
Total††
24.7
(24.0–25.3)
16.6
(15.1–18.2)
25.8
(24.8–26.8)
28.0
(27.2–28.9)
21.7
(21.0–22.4)
39.6
(37.3–41.8)
18.2
(16.2–20.4)
28.2
(26.3–30.1)
Median
24.1
16.9
25.8
27.5
21.4
40.0
19.1
28.4
Minimum
14.5
1.4
15.3
15.5
5.3
18.7
5.5
17.3
Maximum
36.4
29.2
39.3
42.6
30.5
55.9
37.9
42.3
Abbreviation: NR = not reported (if <50 respondents).
* Obese was defined as having a body mass index =30.0.
† White = non-Hispanic white; Black = non-Hispanic black; Other = non-Hispanic other.
§ Percentages and their associated confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for complex survey design and nonresponse.
¶ 95% confidence interval.
** Represents 50–59 respondents; might not be reliable.
†† Chi-square p-value significant at p<0.05 for age group and race/ethnicity.
TABLE 27. Estimated prevalence of women aged 18–44 years having a live birth who were obese just before they became pregnant,* overall and by age group and race/ethnicity — Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, United States, 29 reporting areas, 2009
State
Total
Age group (yrs)
Race/Ethnicity†
18–24
25–34
35–44
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
%§
CI¶
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
Alaska
21.8
(19.1–24.9)
18.8
(14.6–23.9)
22.9
(19.1–27.2)
26.5
(18.1–37.0)
21.0
(17.3–25.3)
19.1**
(6.4–44.9)
23.5
(19.5–28.1)
22.9
(11.9–39.7)
Arkansas
26.1
(22.8–29.8)
18.0
(13.7–23.2)
32.2
(27.1–37.7)
27.4
(17.4–40.4)
25.1
(21.3–29.4)
32.1
(23.7–41.9)
NR
NR
25.9
(15.1–40.7)
Colorado
14.4
(12.3–16.8)
13.3
(9.8–17.8)
14.2
(11.5–17.5)
16.9
(11.4–24.3)
12.5
(10.2–15.2)
20.1**
(6.1–49.2)
13.1
(6.2–25.4)
18.5
(13.9–24.3)
Delaware
23.6
(21.0–26.4)
18.6
(14.4–23.5)
25.9
(22.4–29.9)
25.0
(19.1–32.0)
19.5
(16.5–22.9)
33.8
(28.0–40.2)
14.2
(7.5–25.1)
27.1
(19.7–36.0)
Georgia
21.0
(17.2–25.5)
21.0
(15.0–28.5)
20.5
(15.4–26.9)
23.7
(13.6–37.9)
17.8
(12.9–24.1)
30.2
(22.7–39.0)
15.4**
(5.4–36.7)
14.6
(7.4–27.0)
Hawaii
17.6
(15.2–20.2)
14.1
(10.5–18.5)
20.1
(16.6–24.1)
16.8
(11.9–23.2)
12.5
(8.3–18.3)
NR
NR
18.7
(15.6–22.2)
19.4
(14.0–26.2)
Illinois
20.5
(18.3–22.9)
19.9
(15.9–24.6)
20.6
(17.7–23.8)
21.3
(16.1–27.6)
18.1
(15.5–21.0)
30.5
(23.8–38.1)
4.5
(1.6–12.3)
24.2
(19.4–29.7)
Maine
22.1
(19.3–25.2)
22.1
(17.1–28.0)
22.6
(19.0–26.7)
19.5
(12.8–28.5)
22.3
(19.4–25.4)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maryland
22.5
(19.4–26.0)
22.6
(16.0–31.0)
22.4
(18.2–27.3)
22.8
(19.4–26.6)
20.7
(16.6–25.5)
33.3
(27.0–40.3)
3.9
(1.1–13.4)
11.4
(6.0–20.8)
Massachusetts
18.7
(15.9–21.8)
23.5
(17.5–30.8)
16.3
(12.9–20.3)
20.5
(14.5–28.2)
18.6
(14.9–23.0)
23.7
(19.2–29.0)
7.1
(4.5–11.0)
23.8
(19.4–28.9)
Michigan
22.8
(20.4–25.3)
18.7
(15.1–23.0)
22.8
(19.6–26.3)
31.4
(24.6–39.0)
20.6
(17.7–23.7)
34.1
(30.2–38.3)
15.8
(8.3–28.2)
24.8**
(13.9–40.3)
Minnesota
18.4
(16.2–20.8)
16.7
(12.6–21.7)
18.9
(16.1–22.0)
19.1
(13.6–26.1)
17.8
(15.3–20.6)
25.5
(17.6–35.4)
13.1
(8.1–20.7)
22.2
(13.9–33.6)
Mississippi
29.0
(26.0–32.2)
23.7
(19.8–28.2)
34.5
(29.9–39.3)
26.6
(17.0–39.0)
23.0
(19.2–27.3)
35.4
(30.8–40.3)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Missouri
22.9
(20.3–25.8)
19.8
(15.8–24.5)
24.4
(20.7–28.5)
26.7
(18.7–36.7)
22.5
(19.7–25.7)
27.9
(19.7–37.9)
15.4**
(5.7–35.5)
20.2**
(8.8–40.0)
Nebraska
21.3
(19.0–23.8)
23.3
(18.9–28.4)
19.7
(16.9–22.9)
24.3
(18.1–31.8)
20.8
(17.9–24.0)
27.4
(22.5–33.0)
21.3
(16.7–26.8)
22.3
(17.9–27.4)
New Jersey
18.0
(15.9–20.4)
18.2
(13.6–23.9)
18.5
(15.8–21.6)
16.5
(12.1–22.0)
16.1
(13.0–19.6)
30.7
(24.9–37.2)
6.4
(3.4–11.6)
19.8
(15.3–25.2)
Ohio
23.8
(20.8–27.0)
23.2
(18.2–29.0)
24.0
(20.0–28.4)
24.5
(16.8–34.2)
22.9
(19.4–26.8)
31.3
(26.6–36.4)
26.5**
(12.6–47.5)
NR
NR
Oklahoma
24.3
(21.2–27.7)
17.6
(13.6–22.6)
28.1
(23.7–33.1)
33.6
(22.6–46.7)
23.7
(20.0–27.9)
25.2
(15.1–39.0)
20.8
(14.3–29.2)
32.3
(23.1–43.0)
Oregon
20.4
(17.5–23.7)
24.8
(18.9–32.0)
18.7
(15.0–23.0)
19.3
(13.0–27.6)
20.0
(16.0–24.6)
26.9
(21.2–33.4)
16.8
(14.4–19.5)
23.4
(19.1–28.3)
Pennsylvania
22.8
(19.9–25.9)
23.6
(18.0–30.3)
22.0
(18.4–26.0)
24.1
(17.5–32.2)
23.1
(19.9–26.7)
27.9
(19.0–39.1)
12.7
(6.1–24.4)
22.2
(12.2–37.0)
Rhode Island
18.9
(16.3–21.7)
18.0
(13.2–24.1)
19.6
(16.3–23.3)
17.6
(12.2–24.8)
18.5
(15.2–22.2)
22.3
(12.6–36.5)
12.3
(6.6–21.6)
23.0
(17.5–29.6)
Tennessee
23.0
(19.1–27.5)
19.9
(14.3–27.0)
23.1
(17.7–29.6)
31.7
(20.7–45.4)
23.9
(19.2–29.2)
27.2
(18.1–38.6)
6.0**
(1.0–27.9)
15.8**
(5.7–36.5)
Texas
25.5
(22.8–28.6)
20.3
(16.1–25.3)
28.0
(24.0–32.3)
29.6
(22.0–38.4)
22.1
(18.5–26.3)
32.6
(28.0–37.6)
7.2**
(2.6–18.4)
27.8
(23.0–33.2)
Utah
16.7
(14.7–18.9)
14.8
(11.6–18.8)
17.2
(14.6–20.1)
19.8
(13.0–29.0)
15.1
(12.9–17.6)
NR
NR
25.7
(15.7–39.1)
21.4
(16.3–27.7)
Vermont
20.0
(17.7–22.7)
21.2
(16.5–26.8)
19.9
(16.8–23.4)
18.9
(13.9–25.3)
20.1
(17.6–22.9)
NR
NR
4.4**
(0.7–22.8)
NR
NR
Washington
20.7
(17.9–23.7)
23.1
(18.0–29.0)
19.3
(15.7–23.4)
20.2
(14.1–28.0)
20.0
(16.2–24.4)
22.5
(17.5–28.5)
13.9
(10.6–17.9)
28.2
(23.0–34.0)
West Virginia
26.1
(23.5–29.0)
21.1
(17.5–25.2)
29.9
(25.9–34.2)
31.3
(22.0–42.5)
26.5
(23.8–29.5)
22.3
(10.7–40.9)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wisconsin
20.5
(17.6–23.8)
22.5
(16.7–29.5)
19.5
(16.0–23.7)
20.6
(13.5–30.1)
19.4
(15.8–23.5)
28.9
(22.9–35.7)
18.6
(12.2–27.4)
21.8
(16.1–29.0)
Wyoming
21.1
(18.0–24.5)
21.9
(16.4–28.7)
19.6
(15.9–23.9)
28.0
(17.7–41.2)
20.1
(16.5–24.2)
NR
NR
18.9
(12.3–28.0)
28.5
(22.8–34.9)
Total††
22.1
(21.3–22.9)
20.5
(19.1–21.9)
22.5
(21.5–23.6)
24.0
(22.0–26.2)
20.5
(19.6–21.4)
30.7
(28.7–32.7)
13.3
(11.6–15.2)
24.3
(21.8–27.0)
Median
21.3
20.3
20.6
23.7
20.1
27.9
14.2
22.6
Minimum
14.4
13.3
14.2
16.5
12.5
19.1
3.9
11.4
Maximum
29.0
24.8
34.5
33.6
26.5
35.4
26.5
32.3
Abbreviation: NR = not reported (if <30 respondents).
* Obese just before pregnancy was defined as having a body mass index =30.0.
† White = non-Hispanic white; Black = non-Hispanic black; Other = non-Hispanic other.
§ Percentages and their associated confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for complex survey design and nonresponse.
¶ 95% confidence interval.
** Represents 30–59 respondents; might not be reliable.
†† Chi-square p-value significant at p<0.05 for age group and race/ethnicity.
TABLE 28. Estimated prevalence of women aged 18–44 years having a live birth who took a multivitamin, prenatal vitamin, or a folic acid supplement every day of the month before pregnancy, overall and by age group and race/ethnicity —Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, United States, 29 reporting areas, 2009
State
Total
Age group (yrs)
Race/Ethnicity*
18–24
25–34
35–44
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
%†
CI§
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
Alaska
27.2
(24.2–30.4)
17.8
(13.9–22.6)
33.3
(29.0–37.9)
28.1
(19.5–38.6)
31.7
(27.4–36.4)
10.9¶
(3.0–32.6)
21.4
(17.6–25.8)
22.4
(11.6–38.8)
Arkansas
24.8
(21.5–28.4)
18.1
(13.7–23.6)
28.4
(23.6–33.8)
33.6
(22.5–46.9)
24.2
(20.3–28.5)
26.2
(18.4–35.8)
21.2¶
(8.3–44.4)
27.8
(17.8–40.7)
Colorado
36.1
(33.1–39.2)
18.0
(13.8–23.2)
40.4
(36.4–44.5)
51.0
(43.1–58.9)
41.0
(37.3–44.7)
35.8¶
(17.4–59.7)
30.2
(18.9–44.5)
26.0
(20.8–32.0)
Delaware
27.4
(24.8–30.2)
15.1
(11.6–19.4)
30.5
(26.8–34.4)
40.3
(33.3–47.7)
34.5
(30.8–38.4)
18.0
(13.7–23.2)
30.8
(20.8–43.1)
15.0
(10.2–21.6)
Georgia
28.0
(23.8–32.6)
12.1
(7.8–18.3)
36.0
(29.7–42.8)
49.0
(35.1–63.0)
32.4
(26.1–39.5)
20.0
(14.0–27.8)
48.3¶
(28.4–68.8)
25.6
(16.5–37.5)
Hawaii
29.1
(26.3–32.0)
15.6
(11.9–20.1)
31.3
(27.4–35.6)
47.6
(40.1–55.2)
38.6
(32.1–45.5)
20.6¶
(8.1–43.2)
29.4
(25.8–33.4)
18.3
(13.4–24.5)
Illinois
30.9
(28.4–33.4)
14.4
(11.0–18.5)
33.8
(30.6–37.3)
48.9
(42.3–55.6)
39.0
(35.5–42.5)
17.7
(12.5–24.4)
32.4
(23.0–43.3)
20.4
(16.4–25.1)
Maine
35.0
(31.8–38.4)
16.9
(12.6–22.3)
43.5
(39.0–48.1)
41.1
(32.2–50.5)
35.4
(32.1–38.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maryland
32.1
(28.7–35.7)
18.8
(13.0–26.3)
34.9
(30.0–40.2)
41.7
(37.6–45.9)
40.3
(35.1–45.6)
20.0
(15.1–25.9)
35.8
(24.4–49.2)
30.2
(21.0–41.3)
Massachusetts
38.0
(34.6–41.5)
16.5
(11.9–22.3)
41.6
(37.1–46.3)
54.9
(46.6–62.9)
41.8
(37.0–46.8)
28.3
(23.4–33.8)
42.9
(37.4–48.5)
22.7
(18.6–27.3)
Michigan
27.6
(25.0–30.3)
14.8
(11.6–18.7)
32.5
(28.9–36.4)
36.1
(29.0–43.9)
31.0
(27.7–34.5)
17.5
(14.6–20.8)
23.5
(14.6–35.5)
21.6¶
(11.9–36.0)
Minnesota
35.1
(32.4–37.9)
21.3
(16.8–26.6)
38.5
(35.0–42.1)
42.8
(35.4–50.4)
39.1
(35.9–42.4)
22.3
(14.6–32.6)
30.1
(21.7–40.0)
21.1
(13.9–30.7)
Mississippi
21.9
(19.3–24.8)
14.4
(11.3–18.2)
27.8
(23.7–32.4)
31.9
(21.4–44.6)
26.1
(22.2–30.5)
18.0
(14.5–22.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Missouri
29.0
(26.2–32.0)
13.5
(10.3–17.4)
38.4
(34.2–42.8)
35.9
(27.2–45.6)
30.0
(26.9–33.2)
20.8
(13.6–30.4)
38.9¶
(22.2–58.6)
26.4¶
(14.2–43.6)
Nebraska
34.2
(31.5–36.9)
16.6
(13.2–20.6)
41.5
(37.8–45.2)
42.3
(34.9–50.2)
37.1
(33.7–40.7)
19.6
(15.4–24.5)
30.4
(24.9–36.5)
26.3
(21.8–31.3)
New Jersey
34.6
(32.0–37.3)
17.9
(13.7–23.1)
36.7
(33.3–40.2)
46.4
(40.2–52.8)
42.3
(38.0–46.7)
21.5
(16.5–27.4)
39.1
(33.4–45.1)
26.9
(22.3–32.0)
Ohio
28.6
(25.5–31.8)
14.6
(10.7–19.5)
34.4
(30.1–39.0)
38.3
(29.1–48.4)
30.0
(26.3–34.0)
19.1
(15.4–23.5)
32.7¶
(18.2–51.6)
NR
NR
Oklahoma
24.4
(21.5–27.7)
15.0
(11.3–19.6)
32.3
(27.8–37.2)
22.5
(14.3–33.6)
27.6
(23.8–31.8)
20.7
(11.7–34.2)
15.5
(10.0–23.3)
23.2
(15.9–32.5)
Oregon
31.9
(28.5–35.5)
20.3
(15.3–26.5)
34.8
(30.2–39.6)
41.6
(32.3–51.5)
34.3
(29.5–39.4)
23.9
(18.7–30.1)
31.8
(28.4–35.5)
24.4
(20.3–29.1)
Pennsylvania
31.3
(28.2–34.5)
15.9
(11.4–21.6)
37.0
(32.8–41.4)
40.2
(32.5–48.5)
35.1
(31.5–38.9)
17.4
(10.5–27.3)
33.6
(22.6–46.7)
14.9
(7.9–26.3)
Rhode Island
35.5
(32.5–38.7)
15.8
(11.6–21.2)
40.1
(36.0–44.4)
50.5
(42.6–58.5)
40.4
(36.3–44.7)
28.3
(17.6–42.2)
36.9
(26.7–48.3)
23.1
(17.9–29.4)
Tennessee
26.5
(22.5–30.9)
13.4
(8.8–19.7)
32.7
(26.6–39.5)
41.3
(29.4–54.3)
29.6
(24.7–35.1)
14.7
(8.4–24.5)
29.7¶
(14.1–52.3)
22.9¶
(11.2–41.4)
Texas
25.7
(23.1–28.6)
17.8
(13.9–22.5)
28.3
(24.6–32.3)
36.5
(28.7–45.1)
31.3
(27.3–35.8)
20.3
(16.5–24.6)
44.8
(31.7–58.6)
21.4
(17.3–26.2)
Utah
33.8
(31.2–36.5)
24.3
(20.2–28.8)
38.1
(34.7–41.6)
37.0
(28.3–46.6)
36.4
(33.3–39.5)
NR
NR
32.0
(21.1–45.2)
23.7
(18.8–29.3)
Vermont
38.2
(35.2–41.2)
16.5
(12.4–21.5)
43.6
(39.6–47.7)
53.4
(46.2–60.4)
38.3
(35.2–41.5)
NR
NR
42.2¶
(27.7–58.1)
NR
NR
Washington
30.2
(27.2–33.4)
13.5
(9.9–18.2)
35.7
(31.4–40.2)
48.7
(40.3–57.2)
33.3
(28.9–38.0)
19.8
(15.1–25.4)
33.2
(28.2–38.6)
20.0
(16.0–24.7)
West Virginia
21.7
(19.2–24.3)
11.1
(8.5–14.4)
29.6
(25.7–33.8)
32.7
(23.3–43.8)
21.9
(19.4–24.7)
8.4
(2.9–21.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wisconsin
35.0
(31.5–38.7)
20.1
(14.6–26.9)
38.8
(34.2–43.6)
48.5
(38.7–58.3)
40.8
(36.2–45.6)
16.6
(12.2–22.2)
19.3
(13.1–27.7)
18.5
(13.7–24.5)
Wyoming
34.0
(30.3–38.0)
21.3
(16.1–27.7)
40.2
(35.1–45.6)
47.4
(34.5–60.7)
37.1
(32.6–41.8)
NR
NR
25.3
(17.8–34.5)
18.7
(14.3–24.2)
Total**
29.7
(29.0–30.5)
16.1
(14.9–17.4)
34.5
(33.4–35.6)
42.4
(40.1–44.7)
34.2
(33.2–35.2)
19.5
(17.9–21.2)
33.0
(30.5–35.7)
22.5
(20.3–24.8)
Median
30.9
16.5
35.7
41.6
35.1
20.0
31.9
22.8
Minimum
21.7
11.1
27.8
22.5
21.9
8.4
15.5
14.9
Maximum
38.2
24.3
43.6
54.9
42.3
35.8
48.3
30.2
Abbreviation: NR = not reported (if <30 respondents).
* White = non-Hispanic white; Black = non-Hispanic black; Other = non-Hispanic other.
† Percentages and their associated confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for complex survey design and nonresponse.
§ 95% confidence interval.
¶ Represents 30–59 respondents; might not be reliable.
** Chi-square p-value significant at p<0.05 for age group and race/ethnicity.
TABLE 29. Estimated prevalence of women aged 18–44 years who participate in enough moderate and/or vigorous physical activity in a usual week to meet the recommended levels of physical activity,* overall and by age group and race/ethnicity — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2009
State
Total
Age group (yrs)
Race/Ethnicity†
18–24
25–34
35–44
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
%§
CI¶
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
Alabama
41.2
(37.3–45.1)
51.1
(39.9–62.2)
40.8
(34.7–47.2)
37.9
(32.8–43.3)
43.7
(38.7–48.7)
33.8
(27.5–40.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Alaska
62.2
(55.4–68.6)
51.9
(34.5–68.9)
71.9
(61.8–80.2)
60.0
(51.5–68.0)
68.8
(61.2–75.6)
NR
NR
45.2
(31.0–60.3)
NR
NR
Arizona
51.1
(44.5–57.6)
33.5**
(14.9–59.2)
54.5
(45.6–63.1)
55.1
(47.9–62.0)
55.6
(46.9–64.1)
NR
NR
49.4
(34.4–64.4)
42.8
(31.4–55.1)
Arkansas
45.9
(40.1–51.8)
52.6**
(36.6–68.0)
44.5
(35.4–54.0)
43.5
(36.8–50.5)
46.8
(40.3–53.3)
38.1
(26.1–51.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
California
53.5
(51.0–55.9)
54.9
(48.4–61.2)
56.3
(52.5–60.1)
49.9
(46.8–53.0)
60.5
(56.9–64.0)
51.9
(37.8–65.6)
44.5
(36.7–52.4)
50.1
(46.3–53.8)
Colorado
59.8
(56.6–63.0)
62.5
(52.5–71.5)
58.0
(53.1–62.7)
60.0
(56.2–63.7)
65.3
(61.6–68.8)
NR
NR
61.7
(45.8–75.5)
43.3
(36.4–50.4)
Connecticut
56.8
(52.2–61.2)
55.8
(41.1–69.5)
57.1
(49.7–64.2)
57.0
(51.8–62.0)
60.5
(55.2–65.5)
33.4
(19.6–50.9)
42.8
(28.3–58.8)
53.3
(40.1–66.0)
Delaware
55.1
(49.1–60.9)
53.3
(35.7–70.1)
61.5
(53.5–69.0)
50.6
(44.1–57.1)
58.0
(50.9–64.8)
39.4
(27.5–52.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
D.C.
53.7
(49.0–58.4)
NR
NR
56.3
(49.6–62.8)
54.6
(48.3–60.7)
69.8
(63.0–75.7)
34.5
(27.9–41.7)
69.6**
(54.1–81.6)
NR
NR
Florida
45.5
(41.3–49.8)
45.8
(32.1–60.1)
43.9
(36.6–51.6)
46.2
(40.8–51.8)
53.5
(48.6–58.4)
30.2
(21.7–40.4)
29.8
(17.9–45.3)
42.9
(32.2–54.4)
Georgia
49.5
(45.3–53.7)
47.1
(33.4–61.2)
53.9
(47.2–60.6)
45.1
(40.0–50.3)
52.7
(47.3–58.1)
41.9
(34.6–49.7)
NR
NR
54.9**
(37.4–71.4)
Hawaii
51.6
(47.2–56.0)
50.1
(38.9–61.4)
57.5
(50.1–64.6)
47.3
(42.0–52.6)
69.0
(60.7–76.3)
NR
NR
46.4
(41.1–51.8)
58.7
(45.2–71.0)
Idaho
62.4
(57.9–66.7)
56.3
(43.0–68.7)
65.3
(58.6–71.5)
62.6
(57.1–67.8)
63.6
(58.8–68.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
49.3
(35.8–62.8)
Illinois
55.9
(51.8–59.9)
49.9
(39.2–60.6)
62.4
(56.2–68.3)
53.9
(49.0–58.8)
57.9
(53.4–62.3)
51.5
(39.6–63.1)
NR
NR
55.4
(42.8–67.3)
Indiana
48.8
(44.9–52.7)
50.1
(39.2–61.1)
49.8
(44.2–55.3)
47.1
(42.6–51.7)
51.7
(47.4–55.9)
33.9
(23.1–46.6)
NR
NR
30.8
(19.3–45.3)
Iowa
55.7
(51.2–60.1)
63.8
(50.6–75.2)
56.0
(49.9–61.9)
49.8
(44.8–54.8)
57.9
(53.2–62.3)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Kansas
53.5
(51.0–55.9)
53.4
(46.3–60.3)
56.2
(52.6–59.6)
51.0
(48.2–53.7)
54.3
(51.6–57.0)
47.4
(37.2–57.9)
44.3
(33.8–55.3)
56.0
(47.1–64.6)
Kentucky
51.1
(47.0–55.1)
59.4
(46.4–71.1)
51.8
(45.6–58.0)
47.3
(42.0–52.7)
51.2
(47.0–55.4)
64.9
(46.6–79.7)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Louisiana
45.8
(42.6–49.0)
52.0
(43.2–60.7)
49.0
(43.8–54.3)
40.4
(36.3–44.7)
48.3
(44.4–52.3)
39.2
(33.6–45.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maine
59.3
(55.5–62.9)
64.0
(53.0–73.7)
59.7
(53.3–65.7)
56.4
(52.2–60.6)
59.1
(55.3–62.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maryland
50.9
(47.3–54.5)
50.5
(40.3–60.7)
50.6
(45.0–56.1)
51.4
(47.0–55.7)
53.6
(49.3–57.9)
44.6
(37.6–51.9)
50.4
(37.6–63.2)
52.2
(36.9–67.1)
Massachusetts
56.1
(52.6–59.5)
58.7
(48.7–68.1)
57.1
(51.8–62.2)
53.6
(49.9–57.3)
60.4
(56.3–64.4)
38.2
(28.8–48.5)
45.6
(34.1–57.7)
40.5
(31.5–50.3)
Michigan
55.1
(51.6–58.6)
57.8
(48.7–66.5)
56.3
(50.3–62.1)
52.4
(48.0–56.6)
57.9
(54.0–61.8)
40.1
(32.1–48.7)
58.0
(40.3–73.9)
NR
NR
Minnesota
55.0
(50.6–59.3)
58.9
(46.2–70.5)
54.9
(48.5–61.1)
52.5
(47.7–57.2)
56.0
(51.5–60.5)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Mississippi
39.5
(36.3–42.7)
44.4
(35.7–53.4)
41.2
(36.3–46.3)
34.6
(30.7–38.7)
41.9
(37.7–46.3)
36.1
(31.2–41.3)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Missouri
55.5
(50.4–60.5)
66.2
(51.7–78.3)
56.5
(48.3–64.2)
49.5
(43.0–55.9)
54.9
(49.4–60.3)
44.2
(28.8–60.9)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Montana
62.3
(57.5–66.9)
60.9
(46.6–73.5)
65.9
(58.9–72.3)
60.0
(54.6–65.3)
61.5
(56.3–66.3)
NR
NR
63.9
(51.1–75.0)
NR
NR
Nebraska
57.7
(53.5–61.8)
59.3
(46.4–71.1)
58.7
(51.9–65.2)
55.8
(50.5–60.9)
58.1
(53.6–62.5)
NR
NR
77.2**
(59.3–88.7)
47.9
(32.0–64.1)
Nevada
53.3
(46.8–59.7)
64.4**
(46.6–79.0)
55.9
(44.8–66.3)
45.4
(37.4–53.6)
56.0
(48.0–63.8)
NR
NR
27.5**
(15.2–44.3)
55.2
(40.9–68.7)
New Hampshire
55.5
(50.8–60.0)
54.0
(39.9–67.4)
55.1
(47.1–62.8)
56.4
(51.1–61.6)
56.4
(51.6–61.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
New Jersey
51.6
(48.2–54.9)
54.2
(43.8–64.2)
50.7
(45.9–55.5)
50.8
(47.2–54.4)
55.9
(51.4–60.2)
45.9
(38.2–53.8)
48.5
(36.4–60.7)
45.5
(38.1–53.1)
New Mexico
51.6
(47.6–55.5)
55.7
(45.5–65.5)
52.6
(46.3–58.9)
47.5
(42.9–52.2)
62.8
(56.6–68.5)
NR
NR
55.4
(45.1–65.3)
45.0
(39.4–50.8)
New York
51.3
(47.2–55.3)
52.7
(42.2–62.9)
49.8
(43.5–56.0)
51.7
(46.5–56.8)
58.6
(53.7–63.3)
34.6
(24.7–46.0)
46.3
(31.2–62.0)
48.5
(38.6–58.5)
North Carolina
45.4
(41.9–49.0)
41.8
(31.8–52.5)
47.5
(42.4–52.7)
45.8
(41.7–49.9)
47.4
(43.4–51.5)
41.7
(32.9–51.1)
37.1
(26.9–48.7)
44.4
(33.2–56.2)
North Dakota
57.7
(52.5–62.8)
56.7
(44.1–68.4)
61.0
(54.0–67.5)
55.7
(50.1–61.1)
58.0
(52.6–63.3)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Ohio
53.2
(49.5–56.8)
53.9
(42.3–65.0)
52.8
(46.9–58.5)
53.4
(49.0–57.7)
55.4
(51.4–59.4)
41.1
(31.7–51.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Oklahoma
53.7
(50.4–56.9)
58.3
(48.5–67.4)
55.5
(50.4–60.4)
49.5
(45.2–53.8)
56.2
(52.2–60.1)
43.8
(33.1–55.1)
52.5
(44.2–60.6)
42.8
(33.0–53.2)
Oregon
58.8
(53.5–64.0)
NR
NR
58.6
(50.4–66.4)
53.9
(47.4–60.3)
58.6
(52.6–64.4)
NR
NR
55.2
(41.4–68.3)
NR
NR
Pennsylvania
55.8
(51.9–59.7)
60.4
(50.5–69.6)
59.0
(52.7–65.0)
50.0
(45.3–54.6)
56.1
(51.9–60.2)
52.8
(36.9–68.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Rhode Island
44.9
(40.4–49.5)
39.6
(27.8–52.7)
43.0
(36.8–49.5)
50.0
(45.2–54.8)
46.5
(41.2–51.8)
49.0**
(30.2–68.0)
NR
NR
34.6
(23.3–48.0)
South Carolina
43.2
(39.2–47.4)
42.8
(30.3–56.2)
45.4
(38.8–52.2)
41.5
(36.4–46.8)
46.8
(41.5–52.2)
37.9
(31.0–45.3)
NR
NR
NR
NR
South Dakota
49.2
(44.5–54.0)
54.3
(41.2–66.8)
46.8
(40.2–53.5)
47.8
(42.3–53.3)
48.4
(43.2–53.6)
NR
NR
49.1
(36.0–62.4)
NR
NR
Tennessee
39.2
(35.0–43.5)
30.5
(19.1–45.1)
44.8
(37.7–52.3)
37.2
(31.7–43.0)
41.9
(37.2–46.8)
26.5
(18.8–36.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Texas
49.4
(46.0–52.8)
50.4
(40.9–59.8)
47.8
(42.4–53.2)
50.5
(45.8–55.1)
54.7
(49.9–59.3)
49.2
(37.6–60.8)
41.4
(25.6–59.2)
44.9
(39.6–50.3)
Utah
61.6
(58.2–64.9)
60.7
(51.3–69.3)
60.3
(55.9–64.5)
63.9
(60.2–67.5)
63.0
(59.3–66.6)
NR
NR
53.4
(38.3–67.9)
52.8
(42.9–62.6)
Vermont
60.2
(55.9–64.3)
54.4
(42.2–66.1)
65.3
(58.8–71.3)
59.9
(55.4–64.2)
60.7
(56.3–64.9)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Virginia
53.7
(47.7–59.6)
60.1**
(42.0–75.8)
54.9
(46.5–63.1)
48.7
(42.4–55.1)
59.5
(52.7–65.9)
37.9
(24.1–54.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Washington
53.3
(50.8–55.9)
55.9
(48.6–63.0)
52.2
(48.3–56.1)
52.8
(49.8–55.8)
56.1
(53.2–58.9)
NR
NR
43.3
(34.7–52.3)
45.9
(39.4–52.6)
West Virginia
40.7
(36.6–44.8)
40.2
(29.8–51.6)
45.4
(39.4–51.6)
36.7
(31.8–42.0)
40.9
(36.8–45.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wisconsin
53.3
(47.4–59.2)
52.6
(36.9–67.7)
51.3
(42.1–60.5)
55.6
(48.6–62.4)
52.8
(46.4–59.1)
66.6**
(47.2–81.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wyoming
61.6
(56.9–66.0)
57.7**
(43.8–70.4)
66.0
(60.3–71.3)
59.5
(53.9–64.9)
61.1
(56.1–65.9)
NR
NR
NR
NR
60.7
(44.9–74.5)
Total††
51.6
(50.9–52.4)
53.5
(51.3–55.6)
52.8
(51.6–53.9)
49.7
(48.7–50.6)
55.3
(54.4–56.1)
41.0
(38.6–43.3)
46.8
(43.7–49.8)
47.7
(45.6–49.9)
Median
53.5
54.2
55.1
50.8
56.1
40.6
48.5
47.9
Minimum
39.2
30.5
40.8
34.6
40.9
26.5
27.5
30.8
Maximum
62.4
66.2
71.9
63.9
69.8
66.6
77.2
60.7
Abbreviation: NR = not reported (if <50 respondents).
* Participation in enough moderate or vigorous physical activity in a usual week was defined as meeting the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommended levels of physical activity.
† White = non-Hispanic white; Black = non-Hispanic black; Other = non-Hispanic other.
§ Percentages and their associated confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for complex survey design and nonresponse.
¶ 95% confidence interval.
** Represents 50–59 respondents; might not be reliable.
†† Chi-square p-value significant at p<0.05 for age group and race/ethnicity.
TABLE 30. Estimated prevalence of women aged 18–44 years who report that their mental health was not good for at least 14 out of the past 30 days, overall and by age group and race/ethnicity — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2009
State
Total
Age group (yrs)
Race/Ethnicity*
18–24
25–34
35–44
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
%†
CI§
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
Alabama
15.5
(13.0–18.4)
14.2
(8.6–22.6)
11.9
(8.6–16.0)
19.3
(15.3–24.1)
15.1
(11.9–18.9)
16.2
(12.2–21.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Alaska
9.5
(6.1–14.4)
9.2
(3.4–22.5)
9.9
(4.3–21.5)
9.1
(5.7–14.3)
11.2
(6.6–18.5)
NR
NR
6.2
(3.4–11.2)
NR
NR
Arizona
12.6
(8.6–18.2)
14.7¶
(2.9–50.1)
15.9
(10.7–23.0)
8.1
(5.5–11.9)
11.3
(7.7–16.3)
NR
NR
23.7
(13.2–39.0)
10.3
(2.9–30.5)
Arkansas
18.3
(14.1–23.3)
23.7¶
(12.6–40.2)
16.8
(10.9–24.9)
16.7
(12.3–22.2)
17.9
(13.4–23.5)
10.6
(6.0–18.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
California
11.8
(10.4–13.3)
10.7
(7.6–14.9)
12.3
(10.2–14.8)
12.0
(10.2–14.0)
12.2
(10.1–14.7)
24.7
(15.7–36.6)
7.3
(4.3–12.0)
11.5
(9.6–13.8)
Colorado
12.5
(10.5–14.7)
13.8
(8.6–21.5)
12.3
(9.6–15.7)
11.8
(9.6–14.4)
13.1
(10.8–15.8)
NR
NR
12.2
(6.0–23.2)
10.3
(6.7–15.5)
Connecticut
13.1
(10.4–16.4)
15.1
(7.9–27.0)
12.4
(8.6–17.6)
12.7
(9.6–16.6)
12.8
(9.7–16.8)
10.4
(4.8–21.3)
20.1
(10.7–34.4)
13.2
(7.1–23.3)
Delaware
8.5
(5.9–12.1)
8.8
(2.9–23.9)
8.1
(5.1–12.6)
8.6
(5.9–12.3)
7.3
(4.4–12.0)
10.7
(6.3–17.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
D.C.
8.0
(5.9–10.7)
NR
NR
6.4
(3.9–10.2)
9.0
(6.3–12.8)
4.2
(2.0– 8.3)
11.8
(8.2–16.8)
4.2¶
(1.1–14.3)
NR
NR
Florida
13.3
(10.8–16.4)
20.3
(11.4–33.5)
15.3
(11.2–20.5)
10.9
(7.8–14.9)
11.7
(9.2–14.7)
10.1
(6.3–16.0)
32.1
(17.0–52.1)
15.0
(8.6–24.9)
Georgia
9.9
(7.9–12.3)
3.8
(1.2–11.8)
10.7
(7.4–15.2)
10.9
(8.4–14.2)
8.4
(6.0–11.6)
12.4
(8.6–17.7)
9.8¶
(4.6–19.5)
10.3¶
(4.1–23.6)
Hawaii
9.5
(7.5–11.9)
10.4
(6.0–17.5)
9.1
(6.0–13.6)
9.2
(6.8–12.4)
7.3
(4.4–11.9)
NR
NR
8.0
(5.8–11.0)
21.5
(13.3–32.8)
Idaho
12.1
(9.6–15.2)
10.0
(5.4–17.9)
12.3
(8.3–17.9)
13.1
(9.8–17.3)
11.6
(9.0–14.9)
NR
NR
NR
NR
15.5
(8.0–28.0)
Illinois
12.3
(10.0–15.1)
11.8
(6.9–19.5)
11.7
(8.1–16.5)
13.3
(10.3–17.0)
11.1
(8.6–14.2)
16.5
(10.2–25.5)
11.1¶
(5.1–22.7)
13.8
(7.5–24.1)
Indiana
14.9
(12.7–17.4)
12.7
(8.0–19.5)
19.5
(15.6–24.0)
12.3
(9.9–15.2)
15.0
(12.6–17.7)
12.9
(7.2–21.9)
NR
NR
14.1
(6.7–27.4)
Iowa
10.6
(8.2–13.6)
10.8
(5.3–20.7)
12.2
(8.7–16.8)
9.1
(6.5–12.6)
10.6
(8.1–13.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Kansas
12.0
(10.5–13.7)
11.7
(7.9–16.9)
12.3
(10.2–14.8)
12.0
(10.3–13.9)
11.5
(9.9–13.3)
17.5
(10.7–27.3)
10.7
(6.1–18.3)
15.0
(9.4–23.1)
Kentucky
18.0
(14.9–21.5)
22.0
(12.3–36.3)
18.4
(14.0–23.8)
15.9
(12.3–20.4)
17.0
(13.8–20.7)
20.3
(7.7–43.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Louisiana
14.4
(12.4–16.7)
10.7
(6.7–16.7)
12.7
(9.5–16.8)
17.4
(14.4–20.8)
13.8
(11.4–16.6)
16.3
(12.4–21.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maine
14.9
(12.5–17.8)
17.2
(10.9–26.3)
12.9
(9.3–17.5)
15.2
(12.4–18.5)
14.9
(12.4–17.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maryland
13.0
(10.7–15.6)
15.7
(9.8–24.3)
14.4
(10.8–18.9)
10.1
(7.9–12.9)
13.5
(10.7–17.0)
11.4
(7.8–16.4)
11.3
(5.3–22.5)
14.5
(6.3–30.2)
Massachusetts
12.9
(10.7–15.5)
16.7
(10.6–25.2)
13.2
(9.9–17.3)
10.3
(8.3–12.6)
12.4
(9.8–15.6)
17.9
(11.5–27.0)
11.7
(5.3–23.6)
13.1
(9.1–18.5)
Michigan
15.4
(12.9–18.2)
16.4
(10.6–24.5)
16.2
(12.1–21.5)
13.9
(11.1–17.1)
13.8
(11.2–16.8)
17.3
(11.5–25.2)
19.1
(8.0–39.3)
NR
NR
Minnesota
9.9
(7.7–12.5)
7.4
(3.4–15.4)
12.2
(8.5–17.2)
9.5
(7.1–12.7)
10.2
(7.9–13.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Mississippi
16.4
(14.2–18.9)
17.0
(11.4–24.5)
13.9
(10.8–17.7)
19.3
(16.0–23.0)
16.4
(13.3–20.0)
17.3
(13.9–21.3)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Missouri
16.5
(13.3–20.4)
15.7
(8.1–28.0)
19.0
(13.7–25.7)
14.4
(10.8–18.9)
14.3
(11.2–18.1)
21.0
(12.6–32.9)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Montana
12.2
(9.6–15.3)
11.4
(6.3–19.8)
14.3
(10.0–19.9)
10.8
(7.7–15.1)
10.8
(8.2–14.0)
NR
NR
13.0
(7.3–22.2)
NR
NR
Nebraska
9.8
(7.5–12.7)
7.7
(3.8–14.9)
9.5
(5.7–15.4)
11.1
(8.4–14.6)
10.6
(8.0–14.0)
NR
NR
3.0
(1.2– 7.5)
3.8
(1.9– 7.3)
Nevada
12.7
(8.9–17.9)
6.3¶
(2.6–14.5)
13.7
(7.2–24.7)
14.5
(9.7–21.2)
14.4
(9.1–22.1)
NR
NR
10.1¶
(3.1–28.5)
11.0
(5.6–20.5)
New Hampshire
11.1
(8.8–13.9)
13.1
(7.0–23.1)
11.6
(7.9–16.8)
9.8
(7.4–12.9)
11.2
(8.8–14.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
New Jersey
10.4
(8.8–12.3)
5.3
(2.6–10.3)
12.1
(9.2–15.7)
12.0
(9.9–14.6)
9.3
(7.5–11.5)
18.3
(12.7–25.7)
5.5
(2.6–11.3)
10.5
(6.8–15.9)
New Mexico
12.1
(10.1–14.4)
5.9
(3.1–10.8)
15.3
(11.5–20.1)
13.2
(10.6–16.3)
11.0
(8.1–14.7)
NR
NR
16.0
(9.7–25.2)
11.9
(9.2–15.3)
New York
11.6
(9.3–14.3)
11.7
(6.6–19.8)
11.2
(8.0–15.4)
11.9
(8.9–15.8)
10.6
(7.8–14.1)
16.5
(9.8–26.4)
7.5
(3.1–17.1)
13.7
(8.7–20.9)
North Carolina
15.8
(13.3–18.6)
17.4
(10.7–27.0)
13.7
(10.7–17.3)
16.6
(13.6–20.1)
16.2
(13.4–19.5)
15.0
(9.5–22.9)
15.1
(7.7–27.3)
15.6
(8.0–28.2)
North Dakota
9.5
(6.8–13.3)
12.7
(6.6–23.2)
6.2
(3.6–10.4)
9.4
(6.5–13.6)
7.8
(5.1–11.7)
NR
NR
13.7¶
(6.1–27.9)
NR
NR
Ohio
16.4
(13.8–19.3)
16.3
(9.5–26.7)
16.6
(12.4–22.0)
16.1
(13.3–19.3)
16.0
(13.2–19.3)
16.6
(10.7–24.9)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Oklahoma
17.3
(14.9–19.9)
17.9
(11.7–26.4)
19.9
(16.0–24.4)
13.9
(11.3–17.0)
18.1
(15.2–21.6)
18.7
(11.9–28.1)
18.9
(13.3–26.2)
7.8
(4.2–14.0)
Oregon
10.0
(7.1–13.8)
NR
NR
9.6
(5.9–15.3)
8.6
(5.7–13.0)
10.9
(7.5–15.8)
NR
NR
6.9
(2.7–16.7)
NR
NR
Pennsylvania
15.1
(12.5–18.2)
14.6
(8.8–23.3)
16.4
(12.3–21.5)
14.5
(11.6–18.1)
14.8
(12.0–18.0)
17.7
(9.4–31.0)
NR
NR
17.0¶
(6.6–37.0)
Rhode Island
9.3
(7.6–11.5)
1.6
(0.4– 6.1)
12.9
(9.3–17.4)
11.8
(9.2–15.1)
9.4
(7.3–11.9)
10.5¶
(4.6–22.2)
NR
NR
8.2
(4.8–13.8)
South Carolina
13.1
(10.8–15.8)
9.0
(5.0–15.7)
12.3
(8.7–17.0)
15.2
(11.8–19.5)
14.6
(11.5–18.3)
8.7
(5.8–12.9)
NR
NR
NR
NR
South Dakota
10.2
(7.8–13.2)
7.8
(3.1–18.4)
9.0
(6.0–13.3)
13.1
(9.8–17.3)
9.9
(7.2–13.3)
NR
NR
12.3
(7.2–20.2)
NR
NR
Tennessee
11.7
(9.3–14.6)
6.4
(2.2–17.2)
11.1
(7.3–16.4)
13.0
(9.8–17.1)
12.6
(9.8–16.1)
10.8
(6.2–18.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Texas
14.7
(12.4–17.2)
16.9
(11.0–25.1)
13.9
(10.7–18.0)
14.4
(11.3–18.3)
12.1
(9.4–15.3)
17.0
(10.6–26.2)
8.7
(3.0–22.7)
17.4
(13.4–22.2)
Utah
9.9
(8.4–11.7)
6.9
(4.1–11.4)
12.3
(9.9–15.3)
9.9
(7.9–12.3)
9.5
(7.9–11.4)
NR
NR
9.3
(4.3–19.0)
13.2
(8.1–20.9)
Vermont
11.0
(8.7–13.9)
8.9
(4.1–18.4)
14.6
(10.6–19.9)
9.6
(7.4–12.6)
10.7
(8.3–13.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Virginia
15.0
(11.4–19.5)
16.1¶
(7.6–31.0)
18.4
(12.5–26.3)
11.5
(8.2–15.9)
14.1
(10.0–19.6)
16.6
(8.3–30.4)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Washington
13.1
(11.6–14.9)
12.4
(8.8–17.2)
14.2
(11.7–17.2)
12.6
(10.7–14.8)
14.3
(12.5–16.4)
NR
NR
9.6
(5.9–15.1)
10.8
(7.6–15.2)
West Virginia
16.3
(13.6–19.5)
13.4
(7.9–21.9)
18.1
(13.9–23.2)
16.6
(12.8–21.3)
16.3
(13.5–19.5)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wisconsin
12.2
(9.2–16.1)
7.5
(3.1–17.1)
14.6
(9.0–22.6)
13.3
(9.4–18.4)
10.5
(7.5–14.5)
23.5
(11.1–42.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wyoming
12.3
(9.7–15.5)
12.5
(6.3–23.3)
11.1
(8.0–15.2)
13.5
(10.3–17.5)
12.5
(9.7–16.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
5.0
(1.9–12.5)
Total**
13.2
(12.7–13.7)
12.9
(11.6–14.3)
13.8
(13.0–14.6)
12.9
(12.2–13.5)
12.8
(12.3–13.4)
15.1
(13.6–16.7)
12.9
(11.1–15.0)
13.4
(12.0–15.0)
Median
12.3
12.4
12.7
12.3
12.1
16.5
10.9
13.2
Minimum
8.0
1.6
6.2
8.1
4.2
8.7
3.0
3.8
Maximum
18.3
23.7
19.9
19.3
18.1
24.7
32.1
21.5
Abbreviation: NR = not reported (if <50 respondents).
* White = non-Hispanic white; Black = non-Hispanic black; Other = non-Hispanic other.
† Percentages and their associated confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for complex survey design and nonresponse.
§ 95% confidence interval.
¶ Represents 50–59 respondents; might not be reliable.
** Chi-square p-value significant at p<0.05 for race/ethnicity.
TABLE 31. Estimated prevalence of women aged 18-44 years having a live birth who visited a health-care provider to be checked or treated for anxiety or depression during the 12 months before pregnancy, overall and by age group and race/ethnicity — Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, United States, 29 reporting areas, 2009
State
Total
Age group (yrs)
Race/Ethnicity*
18–24
25–34
35–44
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
%†
CI§
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
Alaska
9.5
(7.6–11.8)
10.3
(7.1–14.6)
8.6
(6.3–11.7)
11.1
(5.6–20.9)
9.5
(7.0–12.8)
15.6¶
(4.5–42.0)
8.3
(6.0–11.5)
13.1
(5.2–29.2)
Arkansas
16.0
(13.3–19.2)
15.1
(11.0–20.3)
16.0
(12.3–20.5)
20.5
(11.7–33.4)
17.7
(14.3–21.6)
16.5
(10.3–25.3)
NR
NR
3.4
(1.0–10.9)
Colorado
9.8
(8.2–11.8)
11.6
(8.2–16.1)
8.6
(6.7–11.0)
11.6
(7.4–17.8)
11.5
(9.4–14.1)
27.3¶
(10.8–53.6)
3.9
(1.7– 9.0)
5.9
(3.7– 9.4)
Delaware
12.8
(10.9–14.9)
14.1
(10.7–18.4)
11.9
(9.5–14.8)
13.2
(9.1–19.0)
14.3
(11.7–17.3)
11.4
(8.0–15.9)
9.8
(4.5–20.1)
10.8
(6.8–16.8)
Georgia
7.2
(5.0–10.1)
7.5
(4.2–13.2)
7.9
(5.0–12.2)
2.5
(0.5–12.2)
10.2
(6.5–15.8)
6.2
(3.2–11.7)
0.0¶
—**
4.2
(1.5–11.4)
Hawaii
6.8
(5.4– 8.5)
7.7
(5.2–11.2)
6.8
(4.9– 9.3)
5.2
(2.9– 9.0)
8.6
(5.6–13.1)
8.0¶
(1.6–31.5)
5.5
(3.9– 7.7)
9.1
(5.8–14.0)
Illinois
11.1
(9.5–13.0)
13.1
(9.9–17.2)
10.2
(8.2–12.6)
10.8
(7.3–15.7)
12.5
(10.3–15.1)
15.4
(10.6–21.8)
6.6
(2.9–14.6)
6.7
(4.4–10.0)
Maine
21.1
(18.4–24.1)
22.1
(17.2–28.0)
22.0
(18.4–26.1)
14.8
(9.3–22.7)
21.1
(18.3–24.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maryland
9.1
(7.2–11.4)
8.2
(4.8–13.7)
8.7
(6.2–12.2)
11.9
(9.4–14.9)
12.8
(9.6–16.8)
3.8
(2.3– 6.3)
9.4
(3.9–20.9)
8.7
(4.2–17.1)
Massachusetts
13.7
(11.4–16.4)
15.8
(11.3–21.6)
13.5
(10.5–17.2)
11.6
(7.4–17.8)
13.8
(10.7–17.7)
11.5
(8.3–15.8)
8.7
(5.9–12.6)
17.8
(14.1–22.2)
Michigan
15.0
(13.0–17.3)
19.3
(15.3–23.9)
12.6
(10.2–15.5)
15.2
(10.1–22.2)
15.7
(13.1–18.6)
11.3
(9.0–14.2)
14.7
(7.7–26.2)
18.2¶
(9.5–32.1)
Minnesota
14.7
(12.7–16.8)
17.8
(13.6–22.9)
14.1
(11.8–16.9)
11.9
(7.9–17.7)
15.8
(13.5–18.5)
11.4
(7.2–17.5)
12.5
(7.8–19.6)
10.2
(5.4–18.3)
Mississippi
10.9
(9.0–13.1)
9.1
(6.6–12.3)
11.8
(9.0–15.3)
16.5
(9.0–28.2)
11.5
(8.9–14.8)
10.6
(7.9–14.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Missouri
13.2
(11.1–15.6)
14.1
(10.7–18.3)
13.4
(10.6–16.8)
9.2
(4.9–16.6)
13.8
(11.5–16.4)
11.7
(6.6–19.9)
17.5¶
(5.8–42.0)
1.9¶
(0.4– 8.3)
Nebraska
12.1
(10.4–14.0)
11.9
(9.1–15.4)
11.5
(9.4–14.1)
14.9
(10.2–21.3)
11.5
(9.4–14.1)
14.6
(11.0–19.2)
15.1
(11.6–19.5)
12.2
(9.2–16.1)
New Jersey
9.1
(7.6–10.8)
10.8
(7.4–15.3)
7.6
(5.9– 9.7)
11.6
(8.1–16.4)
11.9
(9.4–15.0)
7.1
(4.5–11.2)
2.8
(1.3– 6.2)
8.0
(5.5–11.6)
Ohio
13.4
(11.1–16.1)
12.6
(8.7–17.8)
13.7
(10.7–17.4)
14.5
(8.6–23.3)
14.7
(11.9–18.1)
10.5
(7.6–14.2)
6.0¶
(1.7–18.8)
NR
NR
Oklahoma
11.6
(9.5–14.2)
12.0
(8.7–16.3)
11.4
(8.6–15.1)
10.7
(5.3–20.2)
12.8
(10.0–16.2)
11.3
(5.0–23.5)
9.4
(5.2–16.3)
8.9
(4.8–16.0)
Oregon
15.1
(12.5–18.1)
18.1
(13.1–24.4)
14.0
(10.8–18.0)
14.0
(8.1–23.0)
16.9
(13.3–21.2)
17.7
(13.0–23.6)
11.4
(9.3–13.8)
10.5
(7.7–14.1)
Pennsylvania
10.5
(8.6–12.9)
12.7
(8.8–18.0)
9.8
(7.4–13.0)
8.8
(5.1–14.7)
10.8
(8.6–13.6)
7.2
(3.1–16.2)
13.7
(7.1–24.8)
7.7
(3.5–16.2)
Rhode Island
15.4
(13.1–18.0)
20.0
(15.0–26.1)
13.0
(10.4–16.2)
17.0
(11.9–23.7)
18.0
(14.9–21.6)
5.4
(2.1–13.0)
11.8
(6.4–20.8)
12.2
(8.4–17.4)
Tennessee
15.0
(11.8–18.8)
13.8
(9.2–20.2)
15.6
(11.2–21.3)
16.2
(8.8–28.0)
17.4
(13.4–22.2)
11.9
(6.1–21.9)
8.6¶
(1.9–31.4)
4.9¶
(1.0–20.3)
Texas
7.4
(5.9– 9.2)
8.1
(5.5–11.6)
7.8
(5.8–10.4)
3.9
(1.7– 8.5)
9.3
(6.9–12.5)
8.8
(6.4–12.2)
1.8¶
(0.4– 6.8)
6.1
(4.0– 9.2)
Utah
12.3
(10.6–14.2)
13.7
(10.6–17.5)
12.3
(10.1–14.9)
7.0
(3.6–13.2)
13.5
(11.5–15.9)
NR
NR
3.8
(1.3–10.4)
9.0
(5.9–13.5)
Vermont
15.2
(13.1–17.6)
19.3
(14.9–24.7)
14.7
(12.1–17.9)
10.7
(7.0–16.0)
15.4
(13.1–17.9)
NR
NR
4.5¶
(1.1–16.5)
NR
NR
Washington
12.7
(10.6–15.3)
15.4
(11.3–20.7)
10.0
(7.5–13.2)
16.7
(10.9–24.6)
13.8
(10.7–17.7)
13.8
(9.9–18.8)
10.5
(7.2–14.9)
10.8
(7.8–14.9)
West Virginia
19.4
(17.1–22.0)
18.8
(15.4–22.6)
20.2
(16.9–24.1)
18.2
(11.2–28.3)
19.5
(17.1–22.2)
21.2
(9.7–40.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wisconsin
12.9
(10.6–15.6)
13.6
(9.5–18.9)
13.2
(10.1–16.9)
10.4
(5.5–18.9)
12.7
(9.8–16.3)
15.8
(11.4–21.4)
9.4
(5.1–16.5)
13.7
(9.5–19.5)
Wyoming
13.1
(10.5–16.2)
15.9
(11.1–22.2)
11.9
(8.9–15.8)
9.3
(4.2–19.1)
14.4
(11.3–18.2)
NR
NR
12.1
(7.3–19.6)
5.7
(3.4– 9.6)
Total††
11.2
(10.7–11.7)
12.1
(11.2–13.2)
10.9
(10.2–11.6)
10.4
(9.2–11.7)
13.2
(12.5–13.9)
9.8
(8.7–11.1)
7.9
(6.7– 9.2)
7.3
(6.1– 8.7)
Median
12.8
13.7
11.9
11.6
13.8
11.4
9.4
8.9
Minimum
6.8
7.5
6.8
2.5
8.6
3.8
0.0
1.9
Maximum
21.1
22.1
22.0
20.5
21.1
27.3
17.5
18.2
Abbreviation: NR = not reported (if <30 respondents).
* White = non-Hispanic white; Black = non-Hispanic black; Other = non-Hispanic other.
† Percentages and their associated confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for complex survey design and nonresponse.
§ 95% confidence interval.
¶ Represents 30–59 respondents; might not be reliable.
** Undefined.
†† Chi-square p-value significant at p<0.05 for race/ethnicity.
TABLE 32. Estimated prevalence of women aged 18-44 years having a live birth who experienced depression symptoms after pregnancy, overall and by age group and race/ethnicity — Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, United States, 29 reporting areas, 2009
State
Total
Age group (yrs)
Race/Ethnicity*
18–24
25–34
35–44
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
%†
CI§
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
Alaska
10.4
(8.4–12.7)
11.2
(7.9–15.5)
10.2
(7.7–13.5)
8.4
(4.1–16.3)
10.3
(7.7–13.6)
16.3¶
(4.6–44.2)
9.2
(6.8–12.4)
13.7
(6.0–28.4)
Arkansas
19.9
(17.0–23.3)
21.2
(16.6–26.6)
18.4
(14.4–23.2)
23.3
(14.0–36.2)
17.5
(14.4–21.2)
24.3
(16.9–33.5)
NR
NR
27.0
(16.4–41.1)
Colorado
12.6
(10.6–14.8)
15.4
(11.6–20.2)
10.8
(8.5–13.7)
14.5
(9.5–21.5)
11.3
(9.1–13.8)
28.4¶
(11.3–55.2)
6.6
(2.6–15.5)
15.0
(11.0–20.2)
Delaware
13.1
(11.2–15.3)
17.7
(13.8–22.4)
11.2
(8.9–14.1)
10.7
(7.0–16.1)
11.2
(8.9–14.0)
14.0
(10.2–19.0)
25.3
(16.1–37.4)
14.1
(9.3–20.9)
Georgia
11.8
(9.0–15.3)
15.1
(10.3–21.8)
11.5
(7.8–16.6)
0.7
(0.2– 2.2)
11.5
(7.6–17.2)
12.8
(8.1–19.6)
10.7¶
(3.1–31.2)
11.4
(5.8–21.1)
Hawaii
10.7
(8.9–12.8)
10.2
(7.4–14.0)
12.3
(9.6–15.6)
6.5
(3.7–11.3)
11.1
(7.4–16.4)
14.9¶
(5.0–37.0)
10.1
(7.9–12.9)
11.5
(7.6–17.1)
Illinois
7.7
(6.3– 9.3)
8.9
(6.4–12.4)
8.1
(6.3–10.2)
4.2
(2.1– 8.1)
7.5
(5.8– 9.6)
9.9
(6.2–15.5)
4.9
(2.0–11.5)
7.0
(4.7–10.4)
Maine
10.8
(8.8–13.1)
15.1
(11.0–20.4)
9.1
(6.8–12.1)
7.5
(3.8–14.1)
10.7
(8.7–13.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maryland
9.4
(7.4–11.8)
12.1
(7.6–18.9)
8.2
(5.7–11.6)
9.3
(7.2–12.0)
9.8
(7.0–13.6)
10.1
(6.6–15.2)
8.3
(3.2–19.8)
6.2
(3.0–12.4)
Massachusetts
8.2
(6.5–10.4)
13.9
(9.7–19.5)
5.6
(3.8– 8.2)
9.4
(5.5–15.6)
6.6
(4.4– 9.7)
12.0
(8.7–16.4)
8.4
(5.7–12.3)
14.1
(10.6–18.4)
Michigan
12.5
(10.6–14.6)
15.9
(12.4–20.2)
10.8
(8.5–13.5)
11.7
(7.5–17.9)
12.3
(10.0–15.0)
13.4
(10.8–16.6)
16.7
(8.9–29.2)
8.1¶
(2.8–21.2)
Minnesota
11.1
(9.3–13.1)
12.9
(9.3–17.5)
10.8
(8.7–13.4)
9.2
(5.6–14.7)
10.3
(8.4–12.6)
14.2
(8.3–23.2)
12.8
(7.5–21.0)
13.3
(7.4–22.7)
Mississippi
15.9
(13.6–18.6)
20.0
(16.3–24.3)
12.0
(9.2–15.5)
16.1
(8.7–27.9)
16.5
(13.3–20.3)
15.0
(11.8–18.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Missouri
15.2
(12.9–17.8)
19.0
(14.9–23.8)
14.0
(11.1–17.5)
7.9
(4.4–13.5)
14.6
(12.2–17.3)
21.8
(14.3–31.9)
10.8¶
(3.6–28.2)
10.2¶
(2.7–32.3)
Nebraska
12.7
(10.9–14.7)
15.2
(11.8–19.3)
12.3
(10.0–15.1)
8.3
(4.9–13.7)
12.8
(10.6–15.4)
14.9
(11.1–19.6)
14.5
(10.6–19.3)
10.2
(7.3–13.9)
New Jersey
9.9
(8.3–11.7)
8.4
(5.7–12.4)
9.4
(7.4–11.7)
12.9
(9.1–18.0)
9.8
(7.4–12.7)
13.6
(9.6–18.8)
6.5
(4.0–10.5)
9.6
(6.7–13.4)
Ohio
13.9
(11.6–16.7)
16.5
(12.3–21.7)
12.2
(9.3–15.8)
15.5
(9.3–24.7)
14.0
(11.2–17.3)
13.5
(10.3–17.5)
8.4¶
(2.6–23.7)
NR
NR
Oklahoma
14.2
(11.8–16.9)
18.2
(14.0–23.3)
11.7
(8.8–15.3)
9.6
(4.6–18.9)
14.4
(11.5–18.0)
12.7
(6.1–24.5)
13.9
(8.4–22.0)
14.3
(8.6–22.9)
Oregon
9.7
(7.7–12.1)
10.4
(6.8–15.6)
8.2
(5.9–11.3)
14.2
(8.8–22.1)
8.8
(6.2–12.3)
15.7
(11.2–21.5)
11.3
(9.1–13.9)
11.2
(8.3–14.8)
Pennsylvania
10.3
(8.3–12.7)
12.1
(8.1–17.6)
9.6
(7.2–12.7)
9.5
(5.6–15.7)
10.1
(7.8–12.9)
10.9
(5.9–19.3)
9.5
(4.3–19.9)
12.9
(6.6–23.5)
Rhode Island
12.2
(10.1–14.6)
16.6
(12.0–22.4)
10.0
(7.6–13.0)
13.6
(8.9–20.2)
9.6
(7.3–12.6)
14.6
(6.6–29.2)
15.2
(8.8–25.2)
19.4
(14.2–25.9)
Tennessee
14.2
(11.1–18.0)
18.0
(12.6–25.1)
12.7
(8.8–18.0)
8.9
(3.7–19.9)
16.3
(12.4–21.2)
10.3
(5.2–19.3)
0.9¶
(0.2– 3.8)
12.4¶
(4.3–30.6)
Texas
12.4
(10.5–14.6)
15.2
(11.8–19.5)
10.8
(8.4–13.9)
11.0
(6.7–17.6)
12.9
(10.0–16.4)
18.4
(14.8–22.7)
12.1¶
(5.3–25.3)
10.7
(7.9–14.5)
Utah
13.1
(11.3–15.1)
17.1
(13.6–21.2)
11.7
(9.5–14.2)
8.9
(5.1–15.0)
14.0
(11.9–16.4)
NR
NR
10.5
(5.3–19.7)
10.0
(6.8–14.7)
Vermont
10.6
(8.8–12.6)
16.2
(12.2–21.3)
8.8
(6.8–11.4)
7.7
(4.6–12.5)
11.0
(9.2–13.2)
NR
NR
8.5¶
(3.2–20.5)
NR
NR
Washington
12.6
(10.4–15.1)
12.9
(9.2–17.7)
12.0
(9.2–15.5)
14.2
(8.9–21.7)
12.7
(9.7–16.4)
12.9
(9.0–18.3)
10.6
(7.1–15.7)
13.9
(10.3–18.3)
West Virginia
13.2
(11.2–15.4)
15.5
(12.5–19.2)
12.1
(9.5–15.3)
6.0
(2.6–13.2)
13.2
(11.3–15.5)
10.3
(3.2–28.5)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wisconsin
11.3
(9.2–13.9)
13.5
(9.3–19.0)
11.0
(8.3–14.4)
8.3
(4.4–15.1)
10.0
(7.4–13.3)
20.2
(15.2–26.3)
11.5
(6.5–19.5)
12.3
(8.4–17.7)
Wyoming
15.1
(12.4–18.3)
19.4
(14.7–25.2)
12.5
(9.1–16.9)
13.6
(6.5–26.3)
15.7
(12.5–19.6)
NR
NR
14.1
(8.3–22.8)
10.5
(7.1–15.1)
Total**
11.9
(11.3–12.5)
14.7
(13.6–16.0)
10.7
(10.0–11.4)
10.0
(8.8–11.5)
11.8
(11.2–12.5)
14.1
(12.7–15.5)
10.2
(8.7–12.0)
11.1
(9.5–12.9)
Median
12.4
15.2
11.0
9.4
11.3
14.0
10.6
11.9
Minimum
7.7
8.4
5.6
0.7
6.6
9.9
0.9
6.2
Maximum
19.9
21.2
18.4
23.3
17.5
28.4
25.3
27.0
Abbreviation: NR = not reported (if <30 respondents).
* White = non-Hispanic white; Black = non-Hispanic black; Other = non-Hispanic other.
† Percentages and their associated confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for complex survey design and nonresponse.
§ 95% confidence interval.
¶ Represents 30–59 respondents; might not be reliable.
** Chi-square p-value significant at p<0.05 for by age group and race/ethnicity.
TABLE 33. Estimated prevalence of women aged 18–44 years having a live birth who were physically abused by their partner during the 12 months before pregnancy, overall and by age group and race/ethnicity — Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, United States, 29 reporting areas, 2009
State
Total
Age group (yrs)
Race/Ethnicity*
18–24
25–34
35–44
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
%†
CI§
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
Alaska
4.3
(3.1– 6.0)
7.2
(4.7–11.1)
2.9
(1.8– 4.6)
1.9
(0.4– 9.5)
1.6
(0.8– 3.4)
15.1¶
(4.2–41.8)
7.3
(5.2–10.3)
9.4
(3.1–25.1)
Arkansas
3.5
(2.4– 5.1)
5.1
(3.0– 8.3)
2.8
(1.5– 5.2)
0.6
(0.1– 3.8)
2.3
(1.3– 4.2)
7.4
(4.1–13.0)
10.0¶
(1.9–39.3)
1.9
(0.6– 6.0)
Colorado
2.7
(1.9– 3.9)
5.3
(3.2– 8.7)
2.2
(1.4– 3.7)
0.1
(0.0– 0.3)
2.7
(1.7– 4.2)
1.3¶
(0.2– 8.5)
1.4
(0.4– 4.9)
3.2
(1.7– 6.1)
Delaware
5.0
(3.8– 6.6)
8.4
(5.7–12.2)
4.3
(2.9– 6.3)
1.3
(0.3– 4.7)
3.6
(2.4– 5.5)
6.5
(3.9–10.5)
5.8
(2.0–15.7)
7.7
(4.3–13.3)
Georgia
2.4
(1.2– 4.6)
3.5
(1.5– 8.1)
2.0
(0.7– 5.5)
0.2
(0.0– 1.3)
1.0
(0.2– 5.4)
2.8
(1.0– 7.4)
1.2¶
(0.3– 4.6)
4.9
(1.7–13.3)
Hawaii
3.9
(2.8– 5.4)
6.9
(4.3–10.8)
3.0
(1.8– 4.9)
0.9
(0.4– 1.9)
1.0
(0.5– 1.9)
1.0¶
(0.2– 6.0)
4.6
(3.0– 6.8)
5.3
(2.7–10.1)
Illinois
2.7
(1.9– 3.8)
6.1
(3.9– 9.4)
1.7
(1.0– 2.9)
0.1
(0.0– 0.8)
1.7
(1.0– 2.9)
5.2
(2.5–10.3)
1.3
(0.2– 8.5)
3.6
(2.0– 6.3)
Maine
3.3
(2.2– 4.8)
7.4
(4.6–11.5)
1.4
(0.7– 2.9)
1.6
(0.4– 7.3)
3.3
(2.2– 4.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maryland
4.2
(2.8– 6.2)
10.5
(6.3–17.0)
2.2
(1.1– 4.5)
1.6
(0.8– 3.2)
3.5
(1.8– 6.6)
5.9
(3.3–10.3)
2.4
(0.3–15.1)
3.8
(1.2–11.0)
Massachusetts
3.2
(2.2– 4.6)
7.8
(4.6–12.9)
1.8
(1.0– 3.2)
1.8
(0.6– 5.2)
2.5
(1.3– 4.8)
5.1
(3.1– 8.4)
2.9
(1.5– 5.4)
5.3
(3.3– 8.3)
Michigan
2.9
(2.1– 4.0)
6.0
(3.9– 9.0)
1.7
(1.0– 2.9)
1.2
(0.3– 4.0)
2.2
(1.3– 3.6)
5.6
(4.0– 7.9)
2.3
(0.4–12.1)
5.2¶
(1.3–17.8)
Minnesota
3.6
(2.7– 4.9)
7.0
(4.5–10.7)
2.8
(1.8– 4.4)
1.8
(0.6– 5.4)
2.4
(1.5– 3.8)
7.9
(4.3–14.0)
6.5
(3.1–13.0)
6.8
(3.0–14.9)
Mississippi
5.6
(4.3– 7.3)
8.3
(6.0–11.4)
2.7
(1.5– 4.7)
7.8
(3.2–17.9)
4.8
(3.2– 7.3)
6.2
(4.3– 9.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Missouri
4.1
(3.0– 5.6)
6.7
(4.5–10.0)
2.8
(1.7– 4.8)
1.4
(0.4– 4.3)
4.0
(2.9– 5.6)
4.5
(1.6–11.6)
0.0¶
—**
8.2¶
(2.2–26.5)
Nebraska
3.5
(2.7– 4.5)
6.3
(4.4– 9.0)
2.5
(1.7– 3.8)
1.2
(0.5– 2.9)
2.2
(1.4– 3.6)
7.7
(5.1–11.4)
9.4
(6.7–12.9)
5.3
(3.5– 8.1)
New Jersey
3.6
(2.8– 4.8)
8.2
(5.4–12.2)
2.8
(1.9– 4.2)
1.3
(0.5– 3.4)
2.7
(1.6– 4.5)
7.6
(4.8–11.9)
2.9
(1.5– 5.4)
3.4
(1.9– 5.9)
Ohio
5.1
(3.7– 7.1)
7.3
(4.6–11.6)
4.4
(2.7– 7.2)
2.3
(0.5–10.6)
4.6
(3.0– 7.1)
7.3
(5.0–10.5)
0.8¶
(0.2– 3.4)
NR
NR
Oklahoma
5.7
(4.1– 7.7)
8.7
(5.8–12.8)
4.1
(2.4– 6.9)
0.4
(0.1– 1.0)
4.0
(2.4– 6.4)
9.3
(3.6–21.8)
6.5
(3.0–13.5)
10.3
(5.7–18.1)
Oregon
1.9
(1.2– 3.0)
5.0
(2.7– 9.0)
1.0
(0.5– 2.3)
0.9
(0.3– 2.2)
1.0
(0.3– 2.9)
8.4
(5.1–13.5)
3.8
(2.8– 5.1)
3.7
(2.1– 6.3)
Pennsylvania
3.7
(2.6– 5.3)
7.2
(4.4–11.7)
2.0
(1.0– 3.7)
3.0
(1.2– 7.2)
4.1
(2.7– 6.1)
2.8
(0.9– 8.7)
4.6
(1.3–14.5)
0.5
(0.1– 3.6)
Rhode Island
3.0
(2.1– 4.4)
6.4
(3.7–10.8)
2.2
(1.2– 3.8)
0.9
(0.2– 4.9)
1.6
(0.8– 3.0)
2.9
(0.7–10.5)
3.6
(1.0–12.5)
7.1
(4.1–12.1)
Tennessee
2.9
(1.6– 5.1)
6.5
(3.4–12.0)
0.7
(0.3– 1.9)
0.2
(0.0– 1.3)
2.6
(1.3– 5.3)
4.3
(1.4–12.6)
0.9¶
(0.2– 3.9)
3.7¶
(0.5–21.9)
Texas
5.2
(3.9– 6.8)
7.5
(5.2–10.9)
3.9
(2.5– 6.1)
4.2
(1.7–10.2)
4.3
(2.7– 6.8)
7.4
(5.2–10.5)
0.8
(0.1– 5.7)
5.7
(3.7– 8.7)
Utah
1.9
(1.3– 2.7)
2.8
(1.7– 4.8)
1.5
(0.9– 2.5)
1.3
(0.3– 6.6)
1.2
(0.7– 2.0)
NR
NR
4.8
(1.6–13.4)
3.5
(1.9– 6.2)
Vermont
3.0
(2.1– 4.3)
6.7
(3.9–11.1)
2.1
(1.2– 3.6)
1.5
(0.4– 5.2)
3.3
(2.3– 4.8)
NR
NR
0.0¶
—**
NR
NR
Washington
3.1
(2.1– 4.5)
4.4
(2.6– 7.6)
2.2
(1.3– 3.9)
3.2
(1.1– 9.0)
2.5
(1.3– 4.8)
5.5
(3.2– 9.0)
1.8
(1.0– 3.3)
5.5
(3.5– 8.7)
West Virginia
3.7
(2.7– 5.1)
4.6
(3.1– 6.9)
3.2
(2.0– 5.2)
1.9
(0.4– 8.0)
3.7
(2.7– 5.1)
5.9
(1.4–22.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wisconsin
4.1
(2.8– 5.8)
9.2
(5.7–14.6)
2.5
(1.5– 4.4)
0.4
(0.1– 2.4)
3.2
(1.8– 5.6)
11.4
(7.8–16.5)
3.5
(1.1–10.3)
4.1
(2.1– 8.0)
Wyoming
3.5
(2.4– 5.1)
6.5
(4.0–10.4)
2.0
(1.0– 3.7)
0.7
(0.1– 3.8)
2.7
(1.5– 4.7)
NR
NR
7.4
(3.4–15.1)
7.4
(4.7–11.6)
Total††
3.8
(3.4– 4.2)
6.7
(5.9– 7.5)
2.6
(2.2– 3.1)
1.9
(1.2– 2.8)
3.0
(2.6– 3.4)
5.7
(4.9– 6.7)
3.1
(2.5– 3.9)
5.0
(3.9– 6.4)
Median
3.5
6.7
2.2
1.3
2.7
5.9
3.2
5.2
Minimum
1.9
2.8
0.7
0.1
1.0
1.0
0.0
0.5
Maximum
5.7
10.5
4.4
7.8
4.8
15.1
10.0
10.3
Abbreviation: NR = not reported (if <30 respondents).
* White = non-Hispanic white; Black = non-Hispanic black; Other = non-Hispanic other.
† Percentages and their associated confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for complex survey design and nonresponse.
§ 95% confidence interval.
¶ Represents 30–59 respondents; might not be reliable.
** Undefined.
†† Chi-square p-value significant at p<0.05 for age group and race/ethnicity.
TABLE 34. Estimated prevalence of women aged 18–44 years who always or usually get adequate social and emotional support, overall and by age group and race/ethnicity — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2009
State
Total
Age group (yrs)
Race/Ethnicity*
18–24
25–34
35–44
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
%†
CI§
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
Alabama
80.2
(76.9–83.1)
78.3
(68.5–85.7)
83.2
(78.1–87.4)
78.1
(73.1–82.5)
84.6
(80.5–88.0)
70.2
(63.9–75.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Alaska
85.3
(80.2–89.3)
85.1
(69.2–93.6)
85.3
(76.2–91.3)
85.5
(79.2–90.1)
87.1
(80.7–91.7)
NR
NR
83.1
(71.4–90.7)
NR
NR
Arizona
79.2
(72.7–84.5)
71.7¶
(42.1–89.8)
81.8
(73.9–87.7)
79.8
(73.3–85.0)
81.7
(73.8–87.5)
NR
NR
80.1
(68.5–88.1)
75.5
(59.7–86.4)
Arkansas
76.7
(71.2–81.5)
73.7¶
(56.2–85.9)
77.4
(68.0–84.7)
77.7
(71.8–82.7)
79.9
(73.5–85.1)
64.8
(51.0–76.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
California
78.1
(76.0–80.0)
80.6
(75.1–85.1)
78.4
(75.1–81.3)
76.0
(73.2–78.6)
85.3
(82.6–87.7)
65.2
(51.2–77.0)
84.1
(78.5–88.4)
71.4
(68.0–74.7)
Colorado
83.2
(80.6–85.6)
80.5
(71.5–87.2)
83.5
(79.6–86.7)
84.5
(81.7–87.0)
87.8
(85.4–89.9)
NR
NR
82.7
(69.1–91.1)
72.1
(64.8–78.5)
Connecticut
85.2
(82.0–88.0)
81.9
(70.4–89.5)
86.7
(81.2–90.7)
85.7
(81.7–89.0)
89.2
(86.0–91.8)
78.0
(61.6–88.7)
80.7
(63.2–91.1)
65.8
(52.4–77.1)
Delaware
85.4
(81.1–88.9)
91.4
(75.4–97.4)
85.2
(78.0–90.4)
81.6
(76.1–86.0)
87.2
(81.9–91.2)
78.1
(67.7–85.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
D.C.
82.4
(78.4–85.7)
NR
NR
85.0
(79.4–89.3)
79.5
(73.9–84.1)
89.9
(84.0–93.8)
71.5
(64.3–77.7)
88.7¶
(77.6–94.7)
NR
NR
Florida
80.8
(77.0–84.1)
75.2
(59.7–86.2)
82.7
(76.3–87.7)
80.8
(75.8–85.0)
87.8
(84.3–90.7)
80.1
(71.0–86.9)
65.1
(46.3–80.2)
68.8
(57.1–78.5)
Georgia
78.3
(74.5–81.7)
75.6
(62.5–85.2)
75.9
(69.2–81.5)
82.0
(77.8–85.6)
84.9
(80.0–88.8)
71.2
(64.0–77.6)
NR
NR
60.9¶
(42.8–76.4)
Hawaii
79.3
(75.5–82.6)
79.0
(69.0–86.5)
78.6
(71.3–84.4)
80.1
(75.4–84.0)
84.1
(76.2–89.7)
NR
NR
77.8
(72.9–82.0)
82.1
(71.9–89.2)
Idaho
85.2
(82.1–87.9)
84.9
(75.5–91.1)
88.3
(83.1–92.0)
81.8
(77.4–85.6)
87.7
(84.6–90.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
62.1
(47.6–74.7)
Illinois
80.0
(76.2–83.3)
77.8
(66.6–86.0)
81.4
(75.5–86.2)
80.1
(75.4–84.0)
86.8
(83.1–89.8)
62.2
(49.5–73.4)
NR
NR
72.1
(59.4–82.1)
Indiana
80.9
(77.6–83.8)
83.2
(72.7–90.2)
79.8
(74.6–84.1)
80.3
(76.6–83.6)
83.1
(79.4–86.2)
67.5
(55.4–77.6)
NR
NR
71.6
(56.3–83.1)
Iowa
85.9
(82.4–88.7)
88.7
(76.4–95.0)
85.9
(81.0–89.7)
83.8
(79.9–87.1)
87.2
(83.7–90.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Kansas
83.6
(81.7–85.3)
85.8
(80.0–90.1)
81.8
(78.8–84.4)
83.8
(81.7–85.7)
85.6
(83.5–87.4)
71.1
(60.9–79.4)
81.9
(73.6–88.0)
70.6
(62.2–77.8)
Kentucky
79.8
(76.3–82.9)
78.2
(63.5–88.1)
80.7
(75.3–85.1)
79.6
(75.3–83.4)
82.1
(78.6–85.2)
66.4
(43.2–83.7)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Louisiana
78.0
(75.1–80.6)
76.8
(68.5–83.4)
81.1
(76.3–85.2)
75.8
(71.7–79.4)
84.4
(81.1–87.1)
66.2
(60.3–71.5)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maine
86.4
(83.8–88.6)
88.2
(80.2–93.2)
87.4
(82.9–90.9)
84.5
(81.3–87.3)
87.1
(84.5–89.3)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maryland
82.5
(79.8–85.0)
86.6
(78.9–91.7)
80.7
(75.9–84.8)
81.8
(78.2–85.0)
86.8
(83.8–89.4)
78.1
(71.9–83.3)
79.9
(69.2–87.6)
76.1
(62.7–85.8)
Massachusetts
82.8
(80.2–85.2)
85.9
(78.8–90.9)
83.0
(78.1–86.9)
80.7
(77.7–83.4)
86.1
(83.2–88.5)
69.2
(58.2–78.4)
75.5
(63.0–84.8)
73.3
(64.2–80.8)
Michigan
80.6
(77.6–83.3)
79.8
(71.0–86.5)
82.8
(77.9–86.7)
79.2
(75.6–82.5)
85.7
(82.8–88.2)
62.1
(53.9–69.6)
71.5
(51.8–85.4)
NR
NR
Minnesota
86.6
(83.3–89.3)
85.0
(74.4–91.7)
88.5
(83.6–92.0)
86.0
(82.3–89.0)
88.7
(85.7–91.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Mississippi
72.5
(69.4–75.4)
74.9
(65.9–82.2)
71.3
(66.3–75.9)
72.6
(68.6–76.2)
83.0
(79.0–86.4)
59.9
(54.8–64.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Missouri
83.2
(79.1–86.6)
86.1
(74.0–93.1)
79.6
(72.1–85.4)
85.6
(80.7–89.4)
85.1
(80.5–88.7)
71.8
(57.5–82.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Montana
80.9
(76.0–84.9)
77.6
(60.7–88.6)
81.6
(75.4–86.6)
82.3
(77.8–86.1)
84.4
(80.7–87.5)
NR
NR
76.1
(61.5–86.3)
NR
NR
Nebraska
83.9
(80.7–86.7)
85.2
(75.2–91.6)
85.3
(80.0–89.3)
81.8
(77.2–85.7)
87.3
(84.3–89.8)
NR
NR
56.9¶
(35.5–76.1)
75.5
(60.2–86.3)
Nevada
78.7
(72.3–83.9)
73.9¶
(55.0–86.8)
79.2
(67.0–87.7)
80.3
(73.1–86.0)
82.3
(74.6–88.0)
NR
NR
78.2¶
(61.2–89.1)
73.1
(57.0–84.8)
New Hampshire
85.6
(82.5–88.3)
84.0
(72.0–91.4)
87.6
(82.4–91.4)
84.8
(81.1–87.9)
85.9
(82.6–88.7)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
New Jersey
81.5
(79.0–83.8)
85.3
(77.2–90.9)
80.0
(75.9–83.5)
80.5
(77.6–83.2)
85.8
(82.8–88.3)
75.6
(68.5–81.5)
74.6
(63.2–83.4)
77.4
(71.0–82.7)
New Mexico
81.1
(77.9–83.9)
84.5
(75.8–90.4)
79.9
(74.5–84.3)
79.9
(75.9–83.4)
88.4
(84.0–91.7)
NR
NR
61.3
(50.9–70.9)
80.2
(75.6–84.1)
New York
74.6
(70.8–78.1)
71.5
(60.4–80.5)
74.6
(68.8–79.7)
76.7
(72.0–80.7)
81.8
(77.6–85.4)
69.4
(58.5–78.4)
52.6
(36.8–67.9)
68.2
(58.0–77.0)
North Carolina
76.1
(72.5–79.3)
69.9
(58.1–79.6)
78.4
(73.6–82.6)
77.4
(73.3–81.1)
80.3
(76.6–83.6)
66.3
(55.9–75.3)
76.2
(65.8–84.2)
69.4
(56.6–79.9)
North Dakota
85.0
(81.0–88.3)
84.2
(73.5–91.1)
89.9
(84.9–93.4)
81.1
(76.2–85.2)
86.5
(82.4–89.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Ohio
82.5
(79.5–85.1)
83.2
(74.0–89.5)
81.0
(75.5–85.6)
83.8
(80.6–86.6)
83.5
(80.2–86.4)
72.5
(62.8–80.4)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Oklahoma
80.4
(77.8–82.7)
83.0
(75.0–88.8)
80.9
(76.9–84.4)
78.5
(74.8–81.8)
83.4
(80.4–86.1)
77.2
(67.9–84.4)
76.1
(68.7–82.2)
67.9
(57.7–76.5)
Oregon
88.4
(84.6–91.4)
NR
NR
91.6
(86.1–95.0)
84.5
(78.6–89.0)
91.5
(87.7–94.2)
NR
NR
84.0
(72.0–91.5)
NR
NR
Pennsylvania
79.7
(76.2–82.8)
76.3
(66.4–84.1)
81.8
(76.4–86.2)
80.4
(76.2–84.0)
82.0
(78.3–85.1)
72.7
(56.6–84.5)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Rhode Island
80.4
(76.1–84.1)
79.3
(65.0–88.7)
81.3
(75.3–86.1)
80.5
(76.5–84.0)
85.2
(80.1–89.2)
46.0¶
(27.7–65.3)
NR
NR
65.8
(53.2–76.5)
South Carolina
80.3
(77.1–83.3)
81.8
(71.7–88.9)
81.4
(75.7–86.0)
78.9
(74.4–82.9)
85.6
(81.6–88.8)
69.8
(63.3–75.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
South Dakota
84.6
(80.8–87.8)
83.4
(70.9–91.1)
88.4
(83.5–91.9)
82.2
(77.6–85.9)
86.9
(82.7–90.2)
NR
NR
73.5
(60.9–83.2)
NR
NR
Tennessee
77.7
(73.8–81.1)
81.3
(68.3–89.7)
75.2
(68.0–81.3)
78.5
(73.4–82.9)
79.7
(75.5–83.4)
68.9
(58.4–77.7)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Texas
74.7
(71.5–77.6)
76.0
(66.6–83.4)
73.8
(68.5–78.5)
74.9
(70.5–78.9)
84.3
(80.3–87.6)
63.0
(51.1–73.6)
74.7
(58.4–86.1)
67.5
(62.1–72.5)
Utah
85.7
(83.2–87.9)
83.9
(76.3–89.3)
87.0
(84.0–89.6)
85.8
(82.9–88.3)
88.4
(85.8–90.5)
NR
NR
73.7
(57.8–85.1)
65.2
(55.3–74.0)
Vermont
84.7
(81.5–87.5)
89.6
(79.4–95.1)
79.7
(73.8–84.5)
85.5
(82.0–88.3)
85.4
(82.4–88.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Virginia
82.5
(78.3–86.1)
94.6¶
(84.6–98.3)
79.3
(72.0–85.0)
77.9
(71.3–83.3)
89.1
(85.5–91.9)
74.7
(61.8–84.4)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Washington
82.7
(80.8–84.5)
84.4
(78.8–88.7)
81.2
(78.0–84.0)
83.2
(80.8–85.3)
85.4
(83.4–87.3)
NR
NR
78.6
(70.4–85.0)
73.5
(67.3–78.8)
West Virginia
79.4
(75.9–82.5)
78.4
(68.3–85.9)
80.1
(74.9–84.4)
79.4
(74.5–83.5)
79.9
(76.4–83.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wisconsin
87.2
(83.5–90.2)
95.2
(89.4–97.9)
86.2
(78.0–91.6)
83.1
(77.7–87.4)
89.3
(85.5–92.1)
64.5¶
(43.0–81.4)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wyoming
84.2
(80.3–87.4)
82.3
(69.2–90.6)
84.8
(79.7–88.8)
84.8
(80.4–88.3)
87.1
(83.0–90.3)
NR
NR
NR
NR
66.4
(50.8–79.1)
Total**
79.9
(79.3–80.5)
80.3
(78.5–82.0)
80.0
(79.0–81.0)
79.6
(78.8–80.4)
85.0
(84.4–85.6)
69.7
(67.5–71.8)
74.9
(72.1–77.5)
70.5
(68.4–72.5)
Median
81.5
82.3
81.4
80.7
85.6
69.6
76.2
71.4
Minimum
72.5
69.9
71.3
72.6
79.7
46.0
52.6
60.9
Maximum
88.4
95.2
91.6
86.0
91.5
80.1
88.7
82.1
Abbreviation: NR = not reported (if <50 respondents).
* White = non-Hispanic white; Black = non-Hispanic black; Other = non-Hispanic other.
† Percentages and their associated confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for complex survey design and nonresponse.
§ 95% confidence interval.
¶ Represents 50–59 respondents; might not be reliable.
** Chi-square p-value significant at p<0.05 for race/ethnicity.
TABLE 35. Estimated prevalence of women aged 18–44 years having a live birth who reported that they had at least three of five types of social support available to them after delivering their baby, overall and by age group and race/ethnicity — Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, United States, two reporting areas, 2009
State
Total
Age group (yrs)
Race/Ethnicity*
18–24
25–34
35–44
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
%†
CI§
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
Oklahoma
87.0
(84.1–89.4)
87.2
(82.5–90.8)
86.6
(82.4–89.9)
88.4
(77.1–94.5)
89.9
(86.4–92.6)
80.2
(66.1–89.4)
87.6
(79.8–92.6)
76.6
(67.2–83.9)
Rhode Island
87.2
(84.7–89.3)
81.8
(75.7–86.7)
88.1
(85.0–90.7)
91.9
(86.1–95.4)
94.1
(91.5–95.9)
72.9
(57.7–84.2)
83.2
(73.3–89.9)
72.1
(65.1–78.2)
Total¶
87.0
(84.6–89.1)
86.6
(82.5–89.9)
86.9
(83.5–89.7)
89.4
(81.4–94.2)
90.6
(87.7–92.9)
79.4
(67.1–87.9)
87.2
(80.2–91.9)
75.5
(68.4–81.4)
Median
87.1
84.5
87.4
90.1
92.0
76.6
85.4
74.3
Minimum
87.0
81.8
86.6
88.4
89.9
72.9
83.2
72.1
Maximum
87.2
87.2
88.1
91.9
94.1
80.2
87.6
76.6
* White = non-Hispanic white; Black = non-Hispanic black; Other = non-Hispanic other.
† Percentages and their associated confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for complex survey design and nonresponse.
§ 95% confidence interval.
¶ Chi-square p-value significant at p<0.05 for race/ethnicity.
TABLE 36. Estimated prevalence of women aged 18–44 years who have ever been told by a health-care provider that they had diabetes, not including gestational diabetes, overall and by age group and race/ethnicity — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2009
State
Total
Age group (yrs)
Race/Ethnicity*
18–24
25–34
35–44
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
%†
CI§
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
Alabama
3.8
(2.5– 5.7)
0.5
(0.1– 3.4)
3.2
(1.7– 5.9)
5.4
(3.1– 9.4)
3.3
(1.7– 6.2)
5.2
(3.2– 8.4)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Alaska
1.6
(0.8– 3.3)
0.0
—¶
0.8
(0.2– 3.2)
3.6
(1.6– 7.7)
2.0
(0.9– 4.4)
NR
NR
1.3
(0.4– 4.5)
NR
NR
Arizona
2.7
(1.7– 4.3)
1.3**
(0.2– 6.3)
2.4
(1.1– 5.3)
3.6
(2.0– 6.5)
1.2
(0.5– 2.8)
NR
NR
9.8
(4.6–19.7)
3.1
(1.3– 7.2)
Arkansas
2.8
(1.5– 5.2)
2.7**
(0.5–12.5)
2.6
(0.7– 8.8)
3.0
(1.6– 5.5)
2.3
(0.9– 5.5)
5.6
(2.4–12.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
California
2.7
(2.1– 3.4)
0.8
(0.2– 3.1)
2.5
(1.6– 3.8)
4.2
(3.2– 5.6)
1.5
(1.0– 2.4)
1.8
(0.6– 4.9)
1.3
(0.6– 2.8)
4.0
(2.9– 5.4)
Colorado
2.5
(1.7– 3.7)
0.0
—¶
1.5
(0.7– 3.2)
4.8
(3.1– 7.5)
1.7
(1.0– 2.7)
NR
NR
4.4
(1.2–14.6)
4.4
(2.2– 8.7)
Connecticut
1.3
(0.7– 2.3)
0.0
—¶
1.0
(0.2– 4.6)
2.1
(1.2– 3.8)
1.4
(0.7– 2.8)
2.3
(0.6– 7.7)
0.8
(0.1– 5.3)
0.5
(0.1– 2.0)
Delaware
1.4
(0.8– 2.6)
0.0
—¶
0.2
(0.0– 1.1)
3.5
(1.9– 6.4)
1.4
(0.7– 2.7)
1.8
(0.4– 8.3)
NR
NR
NR
NR
D.C.
2.7
(1.4– 5.2)
NR
NR
3.8
(1.7– 8.4)
1.9
(0.9– 3.9)
1.1
(0.3– 4.1)
5.0
(2.3–10.7)
0.0**
—¶
NR
NR
Florida
4.7
(3.0– 7.2)
3.3
(0.8–12.7)
4.5
(2.3– 8.5)
5.1
(2.7– 9.2)
2.5
(1.4– 4.3)
7.5
(3.6–14.8)
11.0
(4.0–27.1)
5.9
(1.8–17.3)
Georgia
3.2
(2.1– 4.8)
0.3
(0.0– 2.0)
2.3
(0.9– 6.0)
5.1
(3.5– 7.4)
2.2
(1.3– 3.7)
5.3
(2.7–10.0)
1.8**
(0.2–11.6)
2.4**
(0.6– 9.6)
Hawaii
3.5
(2.1– 5.8)
4.3
(1.2–14.1)
3.0
(1.3– 7.0)
3.5
(2.1– 5.8)
2.1
(0.7– 6.0)
NR
NR
4.2
(2.3– 7.3)
1.8
(0.6– 5.6)
Idaho
2.7
(1.8– 3.9)
0.6
(0.1– 4.2)
2.1
(1.0– 4.2)
4.6
(2.8– 7.2)
2.1
(1.3– 3.5)
NR
NR
NR
NR
6.8
(3.2–13.7)
Illinois
3.6
(2.3– 5.4)
0.0
—¶
2.7
(1.1– 6.3)
6.8
(4.2–10.7)
2.4
(1.4– 4.1)
8.7
(4.3–16.9)
0.8**
(0.1– 5.4)
4.6
(1.4–14.0)
Indiana
2.1
(1.4– 3.3)
1.2
(0.2– 8.2)
1.5
(0.7– 3.0)
3.4
(2.2– 5.2)
1.4
(0.9– 2.3)
10.1
(4.0–23.1)
NR
NR
2.1
(0.5– 7.5)
Iowa
2.4
(1.4– 3.9)
2.3
(0.5– 9.4)
1.0
(0.4– 2.9)
3.6
(2.2– 5.8)
2.1
(1.2– 3.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Kansas
2.6
(2.0– 3.3)
1.0
(0.2– 4.5)
1.7
(1.0– 3.0)
4.4
(3.5– 5.7)
2.3
(1.7– 3.1)
3.2
(1.6– 6.3)
3.9
(1.7– 8.8)
4.2
(2.1– 8.2)
Kentucky
5.5
(4.0– 7.6)
2.2
(0.4–10.6)
3.7
(2.0– 6.6)
8.6
(5.9–12.4)
4.7
(3.2– 6.7)
11.2
(3.7–29.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Louisiana
3.6
(2.6– 4.8)
0.7
(0.1– 4.7)
2.6
(1.4– 4.8)
5.6
(3.9– 8.0)
3.6
(2.4– 5.4)
3.8
(2.2– 6.3)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maine
2.1
(1.4– 3.3)
1.6
(0.3– 7.3)
1.7
(0.8– 3.8)
2.8
(1.7– 4.3)
2.0
(1.2– 3.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maryland
2.7
(1.7– 4.2)
1.9
(0.3– 9.8)
3.7
(1.9– 6.9)
2.3
(1.3– 3.8)
2.3
(1.2– 4.1)
4.1
(1.9– 8.7)
0.5
(0.1– 2.0)
2.6
(0.5–13.6)
Massachusetts
2.1
(1.4– 3.1)
0.6
(0.2– 1.5)
2.0
(0.8– 5.0)
3.1
(2.1– 4.5)
1.1
(0.7– 1.8)
2.7
(0.8– 8.6)
7.9
(2.2–24.7)
4.8
(2.8– 8.1)
Michigan
3.3
(2.3– 4.7)
3.3
(1.2– 8.7)
2.0
(0.9– 4.2)
4.4
(3.0– 6.6)
2.9
(1.8– 4.5)
2.7
(1.4– 5.2)
2.2
(0.7– 7.4)
NR
NR
Minnesota
1.1
(0.6– 1.9)
0.0
—¶
0.5
(0.1– 3.8)
2.3
(1.3– 4.0)
1.2
(0.7– 2.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Mississippi
3.5
(2.7– 4.6)
0.5
(0.1– 3.5)
2.7
(1.7– 4.4)
6.3
(4.7– 8.4)
3.3
(2.3– 4.7)
4.2
(2.9– 6.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Missouri
2.0
(1.2– 3.6)
0.0
—¶
1.3
(0.4– 4.2)
3.9
(2.0– 7.3)
1.8
(0.9– 3.3)
6.1
(2.0–17.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Montana
3.0
(2.0– 4.6)
0.0
—¶
2.9
(1.3– 6.3)
5.2
(3.2– 8.3)
2.6
(1.6– 4.3)
NR
NR
7.0
(2.8–16.4)
NR
NR
Nebraska
1.8
(1.2– 2.8)
0.4
(0.1– 2.2)
1.8
(0.7– 4.2)
2.5
(1.7– 3.5)
1.7
(1.1– 2.8)
NR
NR
1.4
(0.5– 4.1)
2.6
(0.8– 7.6)
Nevada
3.7
(2.0– 6.8)
1.4**
(0.2– 9.1)
2.8
(0.8– 9.6)
5.7
(2.7–11.5)
0.7
(0.2– 1.7)
NR
NR
11.8**
(3.1–35.7)
7.9
(3.3–17.8)
New Hampshire
2.0
(1.1– 3.8)
0.0
—¶
1.7
(0.3– 7.5)
3.2
(1.7– 5.9)
2.2
(1.2– 4.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
New Jersey
2.3
(1.5– 3.4)
1.6
(0.3– 7.4)
1.9
(0.9– 4.0)
2.9
(2.0– 4.2)
1.7
(1.0– 2.8)
5.2
(2.1–12.2)
0.8
(0.3– 2.5)
2.7
(1.3– 5.7)
New Mexico
3.9
(2.6– 5.9)
1.8
(0.4– 8.9)
4.9
(2.4– 9.8)
4.4
(3.1– 6.4)
2.4
(1.1– 4.9)
NR
NR
2.7
(1.1– 6.4)
4.6
(2.7– 7.7)
New York
1.3
(0.8– 2.2)
0.4
(0.1– 2.7)
1.7
(0.7– 4.0)
1.6
(0.8– 3.1)
1.6
(0.9– 2.9)
0.8
(0.2– 3.2)
0.8
(0.1– 5.5)
1.4
(0.4– 5.6)
North Carolina
4.1
(2.6– 6.5)
3.4
(0.5–20.4)
3.5
(2.0– 6.2)
5.1
(3.6– 7.1)
3.1
(2.1– 4.5)
7.6
(2.9–18.7)
2.8
(0.7–10.8)
4.1
(1.2–13.3)
North Dakota
2.2
(1.3– 3.7)
1.0
(0.1– 6.8)
2.7
(1.3– 5.6)
3.1
(1.6– 5.6)
2.4
(1.4– 4.2)
NR
NR
1.7**
(0.4– 6.9)
NR
NR
Ohio
3.9
(2.8– 5.5)
0.2
(0.0– 1.2)
3.8
(2.0– 7.0)
5.7
(4.0– 8.0)
4.0
(2.7– 5.7)
4.5
(2.1– 9.3)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Oklahoma
4.2
(3.1– 5.6)
2.0
(0.6– 7.0)
3.6
(2.1– 6.1)
6.0
(4.3– 8.2)
3.2
(2.1– 4.8)
7.6
(3.9–14.2)
6.4
(3.5–11.6)
5.8
(2.6–12.4)
Oregon
3.1
(2.0– 5.0)
NR
NR
2.4
(1.0– 5.7)
5.3
(3.1– 9.1)
3.1
(1.8– 5.4)
NR
NR
2.0
(0.6– 6.4)
NR
NR
Pennsylvania
3.7
(2.5– 5.4)
1.7
(0.3– 7.7)
2.4
(1.0– 5.9)
6.0
(4.0– 9.0)
2.5
(1.6– 3.8)
12.1
(5.1–26.1)
NR
NR
1.9**
(0.5– 7.6)
Rhode Island
2.0
(1.2– 3.1)
0.0
—¶
3.2
(1.6– 6.3)
2.4
(1.4– 4.2)
1.6
(0.9– 3.0)
3.3**
(0.9–11.2)
NR
NR
4.2
(1.9– 9.2)
South Carolina
3.6
(2.4– 5.4)
2.2
(0.4–11.5)
1.1
(0.4– 2.8)
6.3
(4.2– 9.5)
3.5
(2.0– 6.0)
3.9
(2.1– 7.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
South Dakota
2.3
(1.4– 3.6)
0.0
—¶
2.8
(1.2– 6.4)
3.5
(2.1– 5.8)
2.0
(1.1– 3.6)
NR
NR
3.4
(1.7– 6.5)
NR
NR
Tennessee
6.2
(4.2– 8.9)
0.5
(0.1– 3.8)
4.8
(2.6– 9.0)
8.1
(5.1–12.6)
5.7
(3.6– 8.7)
6.8
(3.0–14.4)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Texas
2.7
(1.9– 4.0)
0.4
(0.1– 2.6)
1.5
(0.7– 2.9)
4.8
(3.1– 7.4)
1.8
(1.0– 3.2)
3.5
(0.8–14.5)
5.1
(1.1–21.3)
3.2
(2.0– 5.0)
Utah
1.4
(1.0– 2.2)
0.9
(0.2– 3.9)
1.0
(0.4– 2.1)
2.5
(1.7– 3.7)
1.4
(0.9– 2.2)
NR
NR
3.0
(1.1– 7.8)
0.4
(0.1– 1.1)
Vermont
1.6
(0.9– 2.8)
1.2
(0.2– 7.9)
0.9
(0.3– 2.8)
2.4
(1.3– 4.4)
1.6
(0.8– 2.9)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Virginia
1.4
(0.8– 2.4)
0.0**
—¶
0.9
(0.3– 2.5)
2.8
(1.5– 5.0)
1.4
(0.7– 2.7)
2.7
(1.1– 6.4)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Washington
2.9
(2.3– 3.7)
0.7
(0.3– 2.0)
2.1
(1.3– 3.2)
5.1
(3.8– 6.7)
2.7
(2.0– 3.5)
NR
NR
2.9
(1.4– 6.2)
3.7
(2.2– 6.2)
West Virginia
5.5
(3.8– 7.8)
4.5
(1.5–13.0)
4.1
(2.2– 7.4)
7.3
(4.8–11.0)
5.4
(3.8– 7.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wisconsin
2.0
(1.1– 3.6)
0.0
—¶
1.9
(0.6– 5.7)
3.4
(1.6– 6.8)
2.0
(1.0– 4.0)
2.4
(0.7– 7.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wyoming
1.7
(0.9– 2.9)
0.0
—¶
2.4
(1.1– 5.2)
2.1
(1.0– 4.5)
1.7
(0.9– 3.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
0.0
—¶
Total††
3.0
(2.7– 3.2)
1.0
(0.7– 1.5)
2.4
(2.1– 2.8)
4.5
(4.1– 5.0)
2.3
(2.1– 2.6)
5.1
(4.2– 6.2)
3.3
(2.4– 4.3)
3.6
(2.9– 4.5)
Median
2.7
0.7
2.4
3.9
2.1
4.3
2.7
3.5
Minimum
1.1
0.0
0.2
1.6
0.7
0.8
0.0
0.0
Maximum
6.2
4.5
4.9
8.6
5.7
12.1
11.8
7.9
Abbreviation: NR = not reported (if <50 respondents).
* White = non-Hispanic white; Black = non-Hispanic black; Other = non-Hispanic other.
† Percentages and their associated confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for complex survey design and nonresponse.
§ 95% confidence interval.
¶ Undefined.
** Represents 50–59 respondents; might not be reliable.
†† Chi-square p-value significant at p<0.05 for age group and race/ethnicity.
TABLE 37. Estimated prevalence of women aged 18–44 years having a live birth who before their most recent pregnancy had ever been told by a health-care provider that they had type I or type II diabetes, overall and by age group and race/ethnicity — Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, United States, 29 reporting areas, 2009
State
Total
Age group (yrs)
Race/Ethnicity*
18–24
25–34
35–44
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
%†
CI§
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
Alaska
1.5
(0.8– 2.7)
1.8
(0.6– 5.1)
1.2
(0.6– 2.7)
1.9
(0.5– 7.7)
0.9
(0.3– 2.5)
0.4¶
(0.1– 1.4)
1.1
(0.4– 3.0)
10.1
(3.4–26.7)
Arkansas
4.0
(2.7– 5.8)
2.8
(1.3– 5.6)
4.0
(2.3– 6.9)
8.6
(3.8–18.6)
4.2
(2.7– 6.7)
2.4
(0.9– 6.4)
9.5¶
(2.2–33.0)
3.0
(0.7–11.6)
Colorado
1.4
(0.9– 2.2)
1.7
(0.8– 3.6)
1.2
(0.6– 2.5)
1.7
(0.7– 3.8)
1.7
(0.9– 3.0)
3.2¶
(0.4–19.6)
1.0
(0.1– 6.7)
0.8
(0.4– 1.8)
Delaware
2.9
(2.1– 4.1)
0.7
(0.2– 2.7)
3.7
(2.4– 5.6)
4.6
(2.4– 8.7)
4.1
(2.8– 6.1)
0.6
(0.1– 2.6)
2.0
(0.3–11.8)
2.8
(1.1– 6.9)
Georgia
2.4
(1.3– 4.5)
3.1
(1.2– 7.9)
1.8
(0.7– 4.7)
2.3
(0.3–14.3)
1.2
(0.3– 4.1)
3.8
(1.6– 9.0)
0.0¶
(0.0– 0.1)
3.5
(0.9–12.1)
Hawaii
2.0
(1.3– 3.0)
2.2
(0.9– 4.9)
1.6
(0.9– 2.8)
2.6
(1.1– 6.2)
0.4
(0.1– 1.2)
NR
NR
1.9
(1.1– 3.2)
4.3
(1.9– 9.0)
Illinois
2.1
(1.5– 3.0)
2.1
(1.1– 4.1)
1.6
(1.0– 2.7)
3.9
(2.0– 7.5)
2.1
(1.3– 3.4)
2.1
(0.8– 5.4)
5.0
(2.0–11.9)
1.5
(0.7– 3.5)
Maine
1.7
(1.0– 3.0)
2.0
(0.8– 5.1)
1.7
(0.8– 3.4)
1.5
(0.3– 7.4)
1.8
(1.0– 3.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maryland
2.1
(1.3– 3.4)
0.3
(0.1– 0.7)
2.5
(1.3– 4.9)
3.3
(2.1– 5.2)
1.9
(0.9– 4.1)
1.9
(0.7– 4.7)
2.4
(1.0– 5.8)
3.2
(1.1– 9.2)
Massachusetts
2.6
(1.7– 4.0)
1.9
(0.8– 4.4)
2.0
(1.0– 3.7)
5.7
(2.8–11.2)
2.5
(1.4– 4.6)
3.3
(1.7– 6.1)
3.5
(1.8– 6.6)
2.1
(1.0– 4.2)
Michigan
2.7
(1.9– 3.8)
2.5
(1.2– 4.8)
2.6
(1.6– 4.2)
3.3
(1.3– 8.1)
2.0
(1.2– 3.3)
3.7
(2.4– 5.8)
1.7
(0.2–10.8)
10.4¶
(3.7–26.1)
Minnesota
1.3
(0.7– 2.3)
0.7
(0.2– 3.0)
1.3
(0.6– 2.7)
2.4
(1.0– 5.6)
0.5
(0.2– 1.2)
6.2
(2.4–15.0)
2.0
(0.6– 6.6)
1.5
(0.3– 7.9)
Mississippi
1.9
(1.2– 3.1)
1.9
(0.9– 3.7)
1.9
(1.0– 3.8)
2.7
(0.6–10.6)
1.9
(1.0– 3.7)
2.1
(1.1– 4.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Missouri
2.8
(1.9– 4.2)
1.4
(0.7– 2.9)
3.3
(1.9– 5.7)
5.3
(2.3–11.6)
2.8
(1.9– 4.3)
3.9
(1.3–11.6)
0.0¶
—**
1.5¶
(0.2– 9.5)
Nebraska
2.6
(1.8– 3.6)
2.7
(1.5– 5.0)
2.2
(1.3– 3.5)
4.1
(2.0– 8.1)
2.4
(1.5– 3.8)
3.9
(2.1– 6.9)
3.7
(1.7– 7.6)
2.4
(1.3– 4.5)
New Jersey
1.8
(1.2– 2.7)
0.8
(0.3– 2.7)
1.4
(0.8– 2.4)
4.1
(2.2– 7.4)
1.0
(0.4– 2.4)
2.9
(1.3– 6.1)
4.2
(2.2– 7.9)
1.6
(0.7– 3.7)
Ohio
2.1
(1.3– 3.4)
2.3
(0.9– 5.7)
2.0
(1.0– 3.8)
2.0
(0.6– 6.6)
1.2
(0.5– 2.6)
2.6
(1.4– 4.6)
16.0¶
(6.0–36.2)
NR
NR
Oklahoma
2.8
(1.8– 4.2)
2.5
(1.2– 5.1)
2.3
(1.3– 4.3)
6.9
(2.7–16.3)
3.1
(1.8– 5.3)
0.4
(0.2– 0.8)
2.0
(0.9– 4.4)
3.5
(1.3– 9.1)
Oregon
2.2
(1.4– 3.6)
2.0
(0.9– 4.5)
2.6
(1.4– 4.8)
1.3
(0.5– 3.2)
2.0
(1.0– 4.2)
1.8
(0.6– 4.8)
2.7
(1.7– 4.3)
2.8
(1.5– 5.1)
Pennsylvania
2.5
(1.6– 3.8)
2.4
(1.1– 5.3)
2.3
(1.3– 4.2)
3.1
(1.2– 8.1)
2.6
(1.6– 4.2)
1.3
(0.2– 7.2)
1.4
(0.2– 9.0)
4.0
(1.0–14.8)
Rhode Island
2.2
(1.4– 3.3)
1.9
(0.7– 5.2)
2.6
(1.6– 4.2)
1.0
(0.2– 4.7)
1.9
(1.1– 3.4)
3.6
(0.7–16.9)
3.4
(1.1–10.3)
2.3
(0.9– 5.8)
Tennessee
3.5
(2.0– 5.8)
3.3
(1.4– 7.6)
3.3
(1.4– 7.4)
4.4
(1.3–13.7)
3.2
(1.6– 6.2)
3.3
(1.0–10.2)
0.0¶
—**
8.3¶
(2.2–26.6)
Texas
1.6
(1.1– 2.5)
0.7
(0.3– 1.9)
2.0
(1.1– 3.5)
2.8
(1.2– 6.1)
2.6
(1.4– 4.6)
2.2
(1.2– 4.3)
3.4¶
(0.6–16.4)
0.7
(0.2– 1.9)
Utah
1.3
(0.8– 2.1)
1.4
(0.5– 3.5)
1.3
(0.7– 2.3)
0.8
(0.2– 2.5)
1.2
(0.7– 2.2)
NR
NR
2.5
(0.4–12.7)
1.3
(0.6– 3.0)
Vermont
1.6
(1.0– 2.7)
1.2
(0.4– 3.4)
1.9
(1.0– 3.5)
1.5
(0.4– 5.2)
1.5
(0.9– 2.6)
NR
NR
4.1¶
(0.8–17.8)
NR
NR
Washington
1.6
(1.0– 2.6)
0.7
(0.2– 2.8)
1.4
(0.7– 2.8)
4.4
(2.1– 9.3)
1.4
(0.6– 3.1)
2.1
(0.9– 4.9)
1.9
(1.0– 3.6)
2.2
(1.1– 4.3)
West Virginia
2.3
(1.5– 3.4)
2.2
(1.1– 4.1)
2.0
(1.1– 3.7)
4.9
(1.8–12.7)
2.3
(1.5– 3.5)
0.0
—**
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wisconsin
2.1
(1.3– 3.4)
1.4
(0.5– 3.7)
1.9
(1.0– 3.6)
4.1
(1.4–11.4)
1.9
(0.9– 3.7)
3.0
(1.3– 6.4)
5.8
(2.6–12.4)
1.0
(0.3– 3.9)
Wyoming
2.4
(1.5– 3.8)
2.9
(1.4– 6.1)
2.0
(1.0– 3.9)
2.3
(1.0– 5.4)
2.2
(1.2– 3.9)
NR
NR
0.6
(0.1– 2.6)
3.8
(1.7– 7.9)
Total††
2.1
(1.9– 2.4)
1.8
(1.4– 2.2)
2.0
(1.7– 2.4)
3.4
(2.7– 4.2)
2.0
(1.8– 2.4)
2.7
(2.1– 3.5)
3.1
(2.2– 4.2)
1.8
(1.3– 2.4)
Median
2.1
1.9
2.0
3.1
1.9
2.5
2.2
2.6
Minimum
1.3
0.3
1.2
0.8
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.7
Maximum
4.0
3.3
4.0
8.6
4.2
6.2
16.0
10.4
Abbreviation: NR = not reported (if <30 respondents).
* White = non-Hispanic white; Black = non-Hispanic black; Other = non-Hispanic other.
† Percentages and their associated confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for complex survey design and nonresponse.
§ 95% confidence interval.
¶ Represents 30–59 respondents; might not be reliable.
** Undefined.
†† Chi-square p-value significant at p<0.05 for age group and race/ethnicity.
TABLE 38. Estimated prevalence of women aged 18–44 years who have ever been told by a health-care provider that they had hypertension, not including hypertension during pregnancy, overall and by age group and race/ethnicity — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2009
State
Total
Age group (yrs)
Race/Ethnicity*
18–24
25–34
35–44
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
%†
CI§
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
Alabama
15.5
(13.0–18.3)
4.9
(2.2–10.6)
12.3
(9.0–16.5)
22.2
(18.0–27.1)
12.9
(10.0–16.6)
21.3
(16.8–26.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Alaska
11.2
(7.8–16.1)
6.5
(2.7–14.7)
12.4
(6.2–23.2)
13.3
(8.4–20.3)
11.0
(6.7–17.5)
NR
NR
12.1
(6.4–21.5)
NR
NR
Arizona
8.5
(6.1–11.6)
0.3¶
(0.0– 2.2)
9.0
(5.4–14.6)
11.3
(7.6–16.5)
9.1
(5.9–13.8)
NR
NR
7.2
(3.2–15.4)
5.6
(2.9–10.5)
Arkansas
14.3
(11.0–18.2)
8.2¶
(3.2–19.4)
12.1
(7.2–19.5)
20.1
(15.3–25.9)
14.3
(10.6–19.0)
22.1
(14.4–32.4)
NR
NR
NR
NR
California
8.0
(6.8– 9.3)
3.3
(1.7– 6.3)
7.2
(5.4– 9.6)
11.9
(10.1–14.1)
7.4
(5.8– 9.3)
12.6
(5.5–26.4)
6.7
(3.9–11.3)
8.4
(6.7–10.4)
Colorado
6.4
(5.2– 7.9)
1.5
(0.4– 5.2)
6.5
(4.5– 9.4)
9.2
(7.3–11.5)
6.5
(5.1– 8.4)
NR
NR
11.5
(4.9–24.9)
5.1
(3.3– 7.8)
Connecticut
7.8
(5.9–10.1)
3.5
(1.2– 9.5)
6.3
(3.6–10.8)
10.9
(8.0–14.6)
6.4
(4.6– 8.8)
6.9
(3.3–13.9)
12.6
(4.5–30.6)
14.6
(7.9–25.3)
Delaware
9.2
(7.1–11.9)
2.3
(0.7– 6.8)
5.6
(3.3– 9.3)
17.0
(12.8–22.3)
8.1
(5.9–11.1)
14.7
(9.3–22.4)
NR
NR
NR
NR
D.C.
10.3
(7.8–13.4)
NR
NR
9.9
(6.4–15.0)
15.1
(11.2–20.0)
4.1
(2.1– 7.8)
17.9
(13.1–24.1)
2.4¶
(0.3–15.1)
NR
NR
Florida
11.0
(8.9–13.5)
6.2
(2.5–14.3)
7.8
(5.3–11.5)
13.7
(10.6–17.5)
10.6
(8.2–13.5)
19.7
(12.9–28.9)
6.7
(2.9–14.9)
5.8
(2.9–11.2)
Georgia
12.0
(9.8–14.5)
5.3
(1.7–15.2)
10.3
(7.1–14.6)
16.2
(13.1–19.9)
10.9
(8.3–14.3)
17.5
(12.9–23.3)
3.8¶
(1.2–11.8)
5.4¶
(1.7–15.5)
Hawaii
10.4
(8.1–13.2)
7.7
(4.0–14.3)
6.7
(3.7–12.0)
15.3
(11.7–19.8)
9.0
(5.1–15.3)
NR
NR
10.7
(8.0–14.2)
10.5
(5.1–20.4)
Idaho
7.3
(5.4– 9.7)
3.3
(1.3– 8.2)
6.3
(3.5–11.2)
10.6
(7.7–14.4)
6.8
(4.9– 9.3)
NR
NR
NR
NR
8.0
(3.8–15.9)
Illinois
10.6
(8.4–13.1)
6.9
(3.3–14.0)
9.8
(6.7–14.2)
13.7
(10.5–17.6)
8.0
(5.9–10.7)
23.8
(15.7–34.4)
14.3¶
(7.3–26.1)
6.9
(3.0–14.8)
Indiana
8.9
(7.4–10.8)
1.3
(0.4– 4.3)
8.7
(6.1–12.3)
14.2
(11.4–17.5)
8.1
(6.5–10.1)
17.0
(10.6–26.0)
NR
NR
10.9
(4.6–23.6)
Iowa
8.8
(6.9–11.2)
3.8
(1.1–12.4)
10.5
(7.4–14.7)
11.0
(8.4–14.4)
8.8
(6.7–11.4)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Kansas
9.0
(7.9–10.2)
3.4
(1.8– 6.6)
8.4
(6.7–10.5)
13.3
(11.5–15.3)
8.5
(7.3– 9.8)
14.7
(9.8–21.5)
10.6
(5.8–18.8)
9.3
(5.7–14.9)
Kentucky
14.7
(12.2–17.5)
10.1
(5.0–19.4)
12.0
(8.7–16.3)
19.0
(15.2–23.6)
13.6
(11.1–16.5)
31.4
(16.8–50.9)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Louisiana
17.7
(15.5–20.1)
12.2
(7.6–19.2)
11.9
(9.0–15.6)
25.0
(21.5–28.8)
11.7
(9.5–14.3)
28.3
(23.7–33.5)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maine
9.3
(7.6–11.3)
2.9
(0.9– 8.8)
8.1
(5.4–11.9)
13.9
(11.2–17.0)
9.5
(7.7–11.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maryland
9.7
(7.9–11.8)
4.6
(1.6–12.1)
7.2
(5.0–10.3)
14.7
(11.8–18.2)
6.1
(4.7– 7.9)
19.6
(14.7–25.7)
4.5
(1.5–12.9)
5.6
(1.8–16.6)
Massachusetts
7.9
(6.4– 9.7)
4.8
(2.2–10.4)
8.0
(5.5–11.4)
9.7
(7.7–12.2)
6.1
(4.6– 8.0)
15.8
(8.6–27.0)
11.0
(5.4–21.1)
14.4
(9.2–21.9)
Michigan
9.5
(7.9–11.5)
5.1
(2.6– 9.7)
6.6
(4.3–10.1)
14.9
(12.1–18.1)
8.9
(7.1–11.2)
16.0
(11.0–22.7)
7.9
(3.2–18.2)
NR
NR
Minnesota
5.5
(3.8– 7.8)
3.8
(1.0–14.0)
5.9
(3.4–10.2)
6.3
(4.4– 8.8)
5.0
(3.4– 7.3)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Mississippi
19.6
(17.3–22.1)
10.4
(6.0–17.6)
16.5
(13.2–20.4)
28.6
(25.1–32.5)
14.7
(11.8–18.1)
26.3
(22.4–30.5)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Missouri
11.6
(9.0–14.9)
6.9
(2.2–19.6)
8.1
(4.8–13.6)
17.8
(13.7–22.8)
11.1
(8.2–14.8)
23.0
(13.1–37.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Montana
7.6
(5.8– 9.9)
0.5
(0.1– 2.1)
8.0
(4.9–12.7)
12.0
(8.8–16.2)
7.5
(5.6–10.1)
NR
NR
9.5
(4.7–18.4)
NR
NR
Nebraska
5.4
(4.2– 6.9)
2.1
(1.0– 4.5)
2.9
(1.9– 4.6)
9.8
(7.2–13.3)
5.2
(3.9– 6.9)
NR
NR
2.9
(0.7–11.4)
7.3
(3.4–15.1)
Nevada
8.5
(5.9–12.1)
5.1¶
(1.1–19.8)
4.6
(2.1– 9.8)
14.2
(9.5–20.8)
9.5
(6.2–14.4)
NR
NR
1.1¶
(0.3– 4.1)
8.8
(3.9–18.6)
New Hampshire
8.9
(6.4–12.2)
7.1
(2.2–20.5)
7.0
(3.1–15.0)
11.2
(8.5–14.7)
9.0
(6.4–12.5)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
New Jersey
8.7
(7.3–10.3)
2.3
(0.8– 6.3)
8.2
(5.9–11.3)
12.6
(10.4–15.1)
7.2
(5.7– 9.1)
12.8
(9.0–18.1)
6.2
(2.8–13.1)
10.1
(6.7–15.1)
New Mexico
8.2
(6.6–10.1)
2.9
(1.2– 6.8)
7.5
(4.8–11.4)
12.7
(10.2–15.8)
6.9
(4.7– 9.8)
NR
NR
9.4
(5.8–14.9)
8.1
(6.0–10.7)
New York
8.7
(6.8–11.0)
2.9
(1.0– 8.7)
7.7
(5.0–11.5)
13.3
(10.0–17.5)
8.3
(6.1–11.2)
13.9
(7.9–23.5)
4.3
(1.3–12.8)
8.5
(5.0–14.2)
North Carolina
11.5
(9.7–13.7)
4.3
(2.1– 8.7)
8.5
(5.8–12.2)
18.3
(15.2–21.8)
10.1
(8.1–12.4)
18.7
(13.2–25.6)
9.7
(5.0–18.0)
6.1
(3.4–10.7)
North Dakota
6.6
(4.8– 8.9)
2.0
(0.4– 8.9)
6.6
(3.9–10.7)
11.3
(8.2–15.6)
6.3
(4.5– 8.8)
NR
NR
12.1¶
(5.7–23.7)
NR
NR
Ohio
11.8
(9.7–14.2)
5.1
(2.3–11.2)
11.1
(7.7–15.7)
15.3
(12.4–18.7)
11.2
(8.9–13.9)
17.3
(11.5–25.4)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Oklahoma
13.5
(11.5–15.8)
4.4
(1.8–10.1)
13.2
(10.2–17.1)
17.9
(14.8–21.4)
12.7
(10.3–15.6)
25.9
(18.1–35.7)
16.5
(11.5–23.1)
4.7
(2.3– 9.5)
Oregon
5.8
(4.1– 8.3)
NR
NR
3.8
(1.8– 7.9)
11.2
(7.5–16.3)
5.4
(3.5– 8.3)
NR
NR
6.9
(3.2–14.1)
NR
NR
Pennsylvania
11.1
(9.1–13.5)
7.3
(3.7–13.8)
5.9
(3.8– 9.2)
17.8
(14.5–21.8)
10.4
(8.2–13.0)
20.6
(12.1–32.9)
NR
NR
7.6¶
(3.0–17.9)
Rhode Island
10.1
(7.2–14.1)
10.0
(3.3–26.4)
9.3
(6.0–13.9)
10.8
(8.4–13.9)
9.4
(6.0–14.3)
20.0¶
(7.6–43.4)
NR
NR
12.7
(6.8–22.4)
South Carolina
12.4
(9.9–15.4)
11.2
(4.2–26.7)
7.1
(4.8–10.3)
17.3
(13.8–21.6)
11.3
(8.3–15.3)
16.3
(11.8–22.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
South Dakota
8.1
(6.3–10.4)
2.3
(0.6– 7.6)
7.8
(4.9–12.3)
12.9
(9.8–16.7)
8.0
(6.0–10.4)
NR
NR
9.9
(5.3–17.7)
NR
NR
Tennessee
18.8
(15.6–22.4)
4.8
(1.7–12.9)
16.1
(11.5–22.2)
23.2
(18.6–28.5)
15.3
(12.2–19.1)
34.7
(25.6–45.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Texas
10.7
(8.9–12.9)
7.3
(3.8–13.6)
7.7
(5.3–11.0)
14.8
(11.9–18.3)
10.8
(8.3–14.0)
19.9
(12.5–30.2)
10.6
(3.7–27.2)
7.9
(5.7–10.9)
Utah
6.4
(5.1– 7.8)
3.3
(1.4– 7.5)
5.8
(4.1– 8.2)
9.9
(7.9–12.3)
6.3
(5.0– 8.0)
NR
NR
6.3
(2.7–14.2)
6.0
(3.5–10.2)
Vermont
7.0
(5.3– 9.1)
4.3
(1.5–11.4)
5.4
(3.1– 9.1)
10.0
(7.6–13.1)
7.4
(5.7– 9.7)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Virginia
9.5
(7.2–12.5)
1.6¶
(0.4– 6.5)
8.3
(4.8–14.1)
15.5
(11.4–20.7)
6.4
(4.4– 9.4)
16.8
(10.4–26.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Washington
9.6
(8.4–10.9)
3.5
(2.0– 6.2)
9.1
(7.1–11.5)
13.8
(11.9–16.0)
9.5
(8.1–11.0)
NR
NR
9.8
(6.6–14.4)
8.9
(6.2–12.8)
West Virginia
15.7
(13.0–18.8)
9.6
(4.9–17.7)
15.6
(11.5–20.8)
19.7
(15.7–24.5)
15.7
(12.9–18.9)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wisconsin
10.0
(7.3–13.5)
5.9
(1.9–16.8)
7.4
(3.6–14.4)
15.0
(10.9–20.3)
9.9
(7.0–13.6)
5.3
(2.3–11.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wyoming
6.0
(4.6– 7.9)
1.4
(0.2– 9.3)
3.8
(2.1– 6.6)
11.8
(8.8–15.5)
6.0
(4.4– 8.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
1.2
(0.3– 4.9)
Total**
10.2
(9.8–10.6)
4.7
(4.0– 5.5)
8.5
(7.9– 9.1)
14.7
(14.0–15.3)
9.3
(8.9– 9.8)
19.2
(17.5–20.9)
7.9
(6.7– 9.3)
8.2
(7.3– 9.2)
Median
9.5
4.4
8.0
13.8
8.9
18.3
9.5
7.9
Minimum
5.4
0.3
2.9
6.3
4.1
5.3
1.1
1.2
Maximum
19.6
12.2
16.5
28.6
15.7
34.7
16.5
14.6
Abbreviation: NR = not reported (if <50 respondents).
* White = non-Hispanic white; Black = non-Hispanic black; Other = non-Hispanic other.
† Percentages and their associated confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for complex survey design and nonresponse.
§ 95% confidence interval.
¶ Represents 50–59 respondents; might not be reliable.
** Chi-square p-value significant at p<0.05 for age group and race/ethnicity.
TABLE 39. Estimated prevalence of women aged 18–44 years having a live birth who reported that they had hypertension during the 3 months before their most recent pregnancy, overall and by age group and race/ethnicity — Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, United States, 10 reporting areas, 2009
State
Total
Age group (yrs)
Race/Ethnicity*
18–24
25–34
35–44
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
%†
CI§
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
Delaware
4.5
(3.5– 5.9)
2.4
(1.1– 4.9)
3.0
(2.0– 4.6)
13.1
(9.0–18.8)
3.3
(2.2– 5.1)
9.0
(6.1–13.0)
2.3
(0.5– 9.5)
2.5
(0.9– 6.5)
Hawaii
3.6
(2.5– 5.0)
2.9
(1.4– 5.9)
3.6
(2.2– 5.7)
4.8
(2.4– 9.3)
1.7
(0.5– 5.4)
NR
NR
4.0
(2.6– 5.9)
4.8
(2.3– 9.7)
Maryland
3.5
(2.4– 5.1)
2.9
(1.0– 7.7)
3.3
(1.9– 5.6)
5.2
(3.7– 7.2)
3.2
(1.8– 5.7)
5.7
(3.4– 9.4)
0.4
(0.1– 1.1)
0.8
(0.3– 2.5)
Michigan
4.3
(3.3– 5.5)
3.4
(2.0– 5.5)
3.6
(2.5– 5.2)
8.7
(5.4–13.8)
3.5
(2.3– 5.1)
9.1
(7.0–11.8)
2.1
(0.4– 9.9)
1.6¶
(0.5– 5.0)
Minnesota
1.7
(1.1– 2.5)
1.6
(0.7– 3.6)
1.7
(1.0– 2.9)
1.7
(0.6– 4.6)
1.7
(1.0– 2.8)
3.4
(1.8– 6.0)
0.8
(0.4– 1.7)
0.0
—**
Missouri
3.6
(2.6– 5.0)
2.2
(1.1– 4.3)
4.0
(2.5– 6.2)
6.5
(3.3–12.2)
2.8
(1.9– 4.2)
6.9
(3.3–13.6)
6.1¶
(1.2–25.4)
8.2¶
(2.1–27.5)
Utah
1.4
(0.9– 2.1)
1.1
(0.4– 2.7)
1.4
(0.8– 2.5)
2.0
(0.9– 4.4)
1.1
(0.6– 2.0)
NR
NR
0.4
(0.1– 2.8)
1.6
(0.8– 3.4)
West Virginia
4.7
(3.5– 6.1)
3.6
(2.2– 5.7)
5.3
(3.7– 7.7)
7.1
(3.2–15.1)
4.7
(3.6– 6.2)
2.1
(1.0– 4.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wisconsin
1.7
(1.0– 2.8)
2.3
(0.9– 5.7)
1.1
(0.5– 2.3)
2.8
(0.9– 8.3)
1.3
(0.6– 3.0)
3.5
(1.7– 7.1)
5.4
(2.4–11.4)
0.5
(0.1– 3.4)
Wyoming
1.8
(1.1– 2.8)
1.5
(0.5– 4.1)
1.8
(1.0– 3.2)
2.5
(0.9– 6.7)
1.5
(0.8– 2.8)
NR
NR
4.0
(1.4–10.6)
2.8
(1.4– 5.7)
Total††
3.0
(2.6– 3.4)
2.5
(1.9– 3.2)
2.7
(2.3– 3.3)
5.3
(4.2– 6.8)
2.5
(2.1– 3.0)
6.6
(5.3– 8.1)
2.8
(1.9– 4.0)
1.7
(1.1– 2.8)
Median
3.5
2.4
3.1
5.0
2.3
5.7
2.3
1.6
Minimum
1.4
1.1
1.1
1.7
1.1
2.1
0.4
0.0
Maximum
4.7
3.6
5.3
13.1
4.7
9.1
6.1
8.2
Abbreviation: NR = not reported (if <30 respondents).
* White = non-Hispanic white; Black = non-Hispanic black; Other = non-Hispanic other.
† Percentages and their associated confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for complex survey design and non response.
§ 95% confidence interval.
¶ Represents 30–59 respondents; might not be reliable.
** Undefined.
†† Chi-square p-value significant at p<0.05 for age group and race/ethnicity.
TABLE 40. Estimated prevalence of women aged 18–44 years who currently have asthma,* overall and by age group and race/ethnicity — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2009
State
Total
Age group (yrs)
Race/Ethnicity†
18–24
25–34
35–44
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
%§
CI¶
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
Alabama
9.5
(7.5–11.9)
12.6
(7.0–21.7)
7.4
(4.9–10.9)
10.2
(7.5–13.8)
7.7
(5.5–10.6)
13.1
(9.4–18.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Alaska
12.5
(8.7–17.6)
16.6
(7.6–32.5)
8.4
(4.1–16.4)
13.9
(8.9–21.2)
14.2
(9.3–21.2)
NR
NR
7.2
(3.0–16.3)
NR
NR
Arizona
11.0
(7.7–15.6)
14.7**
(4.3–39.7)
11.0
(6.8–17.3)
9.5
(6.3–14.1)
13.3
(8.4–20.5)
NR
NR
7.9
(3.9–15.2)
7.3
(3.6–14.2)
Arkansas
9.6
(6.8–13.4)
7.2**
(2.5–18.6)
9.2
(4.8–17.0)
11.4
(7.7–16.5)
9.6
(6.4–14.2)
12.2
(6.2–22.5)
NR
NR
NR
NR
California
9.5
(8.2–10.9)
10.3
(7.2–14.6)
7.7
(6.1– 9.7)
10.6
(9.0–12.4)
14.2
(11.8–17.0)
9.6
(5.4–16.5)
7.5
(4.8–11.5)
6.4
(4.9– 8.3)
Colorado
10.4
(8.6–12.4)
11.3
(6.6–18.6)
8.7
(6.4–11.8)
11.3
(9.2–13.9)
11.6
(9.3–14.3)
NR
NR
10.5
(4.3–23.3)
6.9
(4.2–11.1)
Connecticut
11.8
(9.0–15.3)
15.1
(7.0–29.6)
9.7
(6.2–15.0)
11.7
(8.7–15.6)
11.0
(8.2–14.6)
23.5
(7.8–52.6)
11.4
(4.0–28.4)
11.0
(5.0–22.7)
Delaware
11.7
(8.5–15.9)
14.3
(6.2–29.7)
8.2
(4.7–13.7)
13.0
(9.6–17.5)
12.0
(8.1–17.4)
11.9
(6.3–21.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
D.C.
13.7
(10.7–17.4)
NR
NR
14.9
(10.8–20.2)
8.1
(5.5–11.7)
7.1
(4.4–11.2)
16.6
(11.9–22.8)
28.6**
(14.8–47.9)
NR
NR
Florida
8.1
(6.2–10.4)
12.3
(6.3–22.6)
7.1
(4.6–10.9)
7.7
(5.3–11.1)
9.2
(6.7–12.4)
9.6
(4.9–18.1)
7.2
(2.0–22.9)
4.4
(2.2– 8.9)
Georgia
6.8
(5.1– 9.0)
7.5
(2.9–18.1)
6.8
(4.3–10.7)
6.6
(4.6– 9.3)
7.5
(5.1–10.8)
5.4
(3.1– 9.1)
3.6**
(0.6–17.9)
10.2**
(4.0–23.5)
Hawaii
12.1
(9.6–15.2)
19.8
(12.2–30.4)
9.1
(6.2–13.1)
10.2
(7.7–13.4)
12.1
(7.2–19.5)
NR
NR
11.7
(8.7–15.6)
16.4
(9.6–26.7)
Idaho
8.5
(6.4–11.2)
10.2
(5.2–18.9)
8.1
(5.0–12.8)
8.1
(5.7–11.4)
8.3
(6.1–11.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
4.7
(1.7–12.3)
Illinois
13.1
(10.4–16.3)
17.7
(10.8–27.7)
12.6
(9.0–17.5)
10.3
(7.6–13.9)
12.3
(9.5–15.7)
21.0
(12.3–33.6)
10.8**
(4.7–23.0)
10.0
(4.2–21.7)
Indiana
12.2
(9.8–15.1)
16.0
(9.4–25.8)
9.8
(7.1–13.3)
12.0
(9.3–15.3)
12.5
(9.8–15.9)
14.4
(7.8–25.1)
NR
NR
8.2
(3.6–17.8)
Iowa
7.9
(6.0–10.2)
3.8
(1.2–11.6)
13.4
(9.7–18.1)
5.9
(3.9– 8.7)
8.4
(6.4–11.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Kansas
11.4
(9.8–13.1)
16.3
(11.8–22.0)
9.8
(7.9–12.0)
9.5
(8.0–11.2)
11.1
(9.4–13.1)
13.6
(7.7–23.0)
15.1
(9.3–23.5)
9.8
(5.1–17.8)
Kentucky
12.4
(9.9–15.5)
17.7
(9.4–31.0)
12.4
(8.7–17.4)
10.4
(8.0–13.6)
12.2
(9.5–15.5)
4.4
(1.9– 9.9)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Louisiana
8.1
(6.6–10.0)
8.1
(4.7–13.7)
8.0
(5.7–11.1)
8.3
(6.2–11.0)
7.6
(5.8– 9.8)
10.3
(7.3–14.3)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maine
15.0
(12.6–17.8)
14.3
(8.7–22.5)
17.0
(12.9–22.0)
13.9
(11.2–17.1)
14.9
(12.5–17.7)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maryland
13.7
(11.3–16.6)
19.3
(12.3–29.0)
11.0
(8.1–14.7)
13.0
(10.2–16.4)
12.3
(9.6–15.6)
15.2
(10.7–21.2)
16.4
(9.1–27.9)
15.9
(6.9–32.7)
Massachusetts
15.1
(12.8–17.7)
17.4
(11.1–26.2)
15.2
(12.0–19.1)
13.6
(11.4–16.2)
16.1
(13.2–19.4)
15.9
(8.8–27.1)
13.6
(8.1–22.0)
10.0
(6.9–14.4)
Michigan
13.3
(11.1–16.0)
18.0
(12.0–26.2)
13.1
(9.8–17.3)
10.7
(8.4–13.6)
12.5
(10.2–15.4)
13.6
(9.0–20.1)
18.2
(7.7–37.1)
NR
NR
Minnesota
7.2
(5.4– 9.5)
3.8
(1.1–12.6)
9.7
(6.6–14.1)
7.4
(5.3–10.1)
6.3
(4.7– 8.3)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Mississippi
9.2
(7.4–11.4)
11.7
(6.9–19.0)
8.4
(6.0–11.5)
8.9
(6.5–12.2)
7.8
(5.8–10.5)
11.0
(8.0–15.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Missouri
11.9
(8.9–15.7)
13.4
(6.3–26.3)
14.4
(9.4–21.3)
8.5
(5.7–12.6)
10.5
(7.5–14.4)
13.4
(7.1–23.7)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Montana
9.3
(7.0–12.2)
13.3
(7.3–23.0)
6.2
(3.7–10.4)
9.6
(6.9–13.3)
8.5
(6.3–11.5)
NR
NR
13.9
(6.4–27.6)
NR
NR
Nebraska
10.1
(7.6–13.3)
16.3
(9.5–26.6)
9.5
(5.7–15.4)
7.8
(5.2–11.6)
10.6
(7.8–14.3)
NR
NR
15.6
(5.9–35.2)
1.0
(0.4– 3.0)
Nevada
9.5
(6.7–13.2)
7.4**
(3.4–15.3)
7.6
(4.0–14.3)
12.4
(7.9–18.9)
11.3
(7.5–16.5)
NR
NR
5.4**
(1.9–14.6)
6.8
(2.7–16.3)
New Hampshire
14.3
(11.4–17.7)
15.9
(8.1–28.9)
14.7
(10.3–20.5)
13.2
(10.0–17.2)
13.9
(11.0–17.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
New Jersey
10.9
(9.1–13.1)
12.4
(7.4–19.9)
10.5
(7.8–13.8)
10.4
(8.5–12.7)
11.4
(8.9–14.4)
15.1
(9.9–22.4)
7.2
(3.4–14.4)
9.2
(6.1–13.6)
New Mexico
9.0
(7.1–11.2)
8.0
(4.3–14.2)
8.7
(5.9–12.6)
9.9
(7.5–13.0)
14.7
(10.8–19.6)
NR
NR
5.2
(2.7– 9.8)
5.3
(3.6– 7.7)
New York
13.4
(11.0–16.2)
17.2
(11.1–25.9)
12.9
(9.5–17.2)
11.3
(8.8–14.5)
14.2
(11.2–17.9)
11.4
(6.6–18.9)
10.2
(3.6–25.4)
13.9
(8.9–21.0)
North Carolina
10.0
(8.1–12.2)
10.2
(6.3–16.2)
12.4
(8.9–17.0)
7.8
(6.1–10.1)
9.6
(7.6–12.2)
13.9
(9.0–20.7)
5.4
(2.2–12.7)
5.2
(1.9–13.9)
North Dakota
15.1
(11.4–19.7)
24.2
(15.3–36.0)
11.4
(7.6–16.9)
9.2
(6.4–13.1)
14.8
(10.9–19.7)
NR
NR
17.5**
(7.1–37.3)
NR
NR
Ohio
13.0
(10.7–15.6)
11.8
(6.9–19.6)
14.6
(10.8–19.5)
11.7
(9.1–14.9)
13.8
(11.2–16.8)
6.1
(3.4–10.7)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Oklahoma
13.3
(11.2–15.9)
15.3
(9.0–24.9)
14.2
(11.0–18.1)
11.5
(9.0–14.6)
14.3
(11.5–17.5)
13.1
(7.0–23.1)
12.6
(7.9–19.6)
7.5
(3.6–14.8)
Oregon
14.0
(10.7–18.0)
NR
NR
14.0
(9.3–20.5)
15.5
(11.2–20.9)
14.2
(10.4–19.1)
NR
NR
14.8
(7.8–26.3)
NR
NR
Pennsylvania
14.5
(12.0–17.5)
17.4
(11.2–26.1)
13.1
(9.3–18.1)
13.7
(10.9–17.1)
13.6
(11.0–16.7)
22.1
(11.8–37.7)
NR
NR
21.5**
(10.8–38.3)
Rhode Island
14.4
(11.5–17.9)
15.7
(8.8–26.6)
13.5
(9.7–18.5)
14.3
(11.1–18.2)
14.1
(11.0–18.0)
4.2**
(1.4–11.6)
NR
NR
21.7
(12.2–35.7)
South Carolina
9.3
(7.1–12.1)
12.7
(5.8–25.4)
8.2
(5.5–12.0)
9.0
(6.4–12.6)
7.2
(5.0–10.2)
13.6
(8.8–20.3)
NR
NR
NR
NR
South Dakota
10.5
(7.8–14.0)
11.9
(5.4–24.0)
11.0
(7.6–15.7)
9.1
(6.5–12.5)
10.8
(7.8–14.7)
NR
NR
7.2
(4.2–12.0)
NR
NR
Tennessee
8.3
(6.3–10.8)
2.1
(0.4–10.7)
11.2
(7.4–16.4)
7.6
(5.3–11.0)
8.4
(6.1–11.5)
8.8
(5.0–14.9)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Texas
7.5
(5.9– 9.5)
12.7
(7.1–21.5)
7.2
(5.0–10.3)
5.8
(4.2– 7.9)
8.7
(6.5–11.7)
10.0
(4.5–20.5)
6.4
(1.0–31.7)
5.8
(3.8– 8.6)
Utah
8.9
(7.3–10.8)
8.5
(5.0–14.1)
8.7
(6.6–11.5)
9.4
(7.5–11.7)
9.4
(7.6–11.6)
NR
NR
10.4
(5.3–19.3)
3.4
(1.7– 7.0)
Vermont
14.3
(11.6–17.4)
14.8
(8.4–24.5)
13.3
(9.4–18.3)
14.8
(11.9–18.2)
13.9
(11.2–17.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Virginia
9.6
(6.9–13.2)
9.9**
(3.7–23.8)
9.1
(5.7–14.4)
9.8
(6.8–14.1)
7.6
(5.4–10.6)
18.0
(8.3–34.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Washington
9.8
(8.4–11.5)
10.6
(6.8–16.2)
8.9
(7.0–11.2)
10.2
(8.6–12.1)
10.7
(9.0–12.6)
NR
NR
13.1
(8.0–20.8)
3.6
(2.0– 6.5)
West Virginia
12.2
(9.7–15.2)
12.4
(6.6–22.2)
12.2
(8.8–16.6)
12.1
(8.8–16.3)
12.2
(9.6–15.4)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wisconsin
11.5
(8.5–15.5)
10.8
(4.6–23.1)
12.1
(7.5–18.9)
11.6
(8.0–16.5)
11.8
(8.4–16.2)
20.9
(8.8–41.9)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wyoming
10.5
(8.3–13.2)
7.4
(3.2–16.2)
11.6
(8.4–15.8)
11.5
(8.7–15.3)
9.8
(7.5–12.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
12.6
(5.5–26.3)
Total††
10.7
(10.2–11.1)
12.9
(11.6–14.3)
10.2
(9.6–10.9)
9.8
(9.3–10.4)
11.3
(10.8–11.9)
12.3
(10.8–13.9)
9.8
(8.2–11.7)
7.7
(6.7– 8.8)
Median
11.0
12.7
10.5
10.3
11.4
13.2
10.6
7.9
Minimum
6.8
2.1
6.2
5.8
6.3
4.2
3.6
1.0
Maximum
15.1
24.2
17.0
15.5
16.1
23.5
28.6
21.7
Abbreviation: NR = not reported (if <50 respondents).
* Defined as women who reported that a doctor, nurse, or other health professional had ever told them that they had asthma and reported that they still have asthma.
† White = non-Hispanic white; Black = non-Hispanic black; Other = non-Hispanic other.
§ Percentages and their associated confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for complex survey design and non response.
¶ 95% confidence interval.
** Represents 50–59 respondents; might not be reliable.
†† Chi-square p-value significant at p<0.05 for age group and race/ethnicity.
TABLE 41. Estimated prevalence of women aged 18–44 years who received an influenza vaccination within the past year, overall and by age group and race/ethnicity — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2009
State
Total
Age group (yrs)
Race/Ethnicity*
18–24
25–34
35–44
White
Black
Other
Hispanic
%†
CI§
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
%
CI
Alabama
28.5
(25.2–31.9)
24.6
(16.1–35.6)
25.9
(21.0–31.5)
32.1
(27.5–37.2)
32.8
(28.5–37.4)
19.2
(14.9–24.4)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Alaska
30.2
(24.5–36.6)
32.5
(19.1–49.6)
28.7
(20.0–39.2)
30.1
(22.9–38.5)
29.7
(22.7–37.7)
NR
NR
34.4
(22.9–48.0)
NR
NR
Arizona
28.2
(23.0–34.0)
27.8¶
(11.5–53.2)
26.3
(19.4–34.6)
30.3
(24.4–36.9)
30.3
(23.4–38.1)
NR
NR
54.1
(39.0–68.4)
21.2
(12.6–33.4)
Arkansas
30.4
(25.5–35.7)
20.6¶
(10.8–35.7)
30.4
(22.3–39.8)
36.0
(29.9–42.5)
30.3
(25.0–36.3)
24.7
(15.2–37.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
California
23.2
(21.4–25.2)
20.3
(15.9–25.4)
24.9
(22.0–28.2)
23.8
(21.4–26.4)
29.6
(26.5–32.9)
15.3
(9.1–24.4)
26.9
(21.2–33.5)
18.2
(15.6–21.1)
Colorado
35.1
(32.2–38.2)
27.5
(20.0–36.6)
37.7
(33.2–42.4)
37.1
(33.6–40.8)
36.5
(33.1–40.1)
NR
NR
32.9
(20.3–48.6)
31.1
(25.0–38.0)
Connecticut
30.5
(26.6–34.6)
18.3
(9.6–31.9)
30.0
(24.0–36.8)
36.5
(31.6–41.8)
31.1
(26.6–36.0)
19.4
(10.4–33.3)
33.1
(19.7–49.9)
30.9
(20.1–44.3)
Delaware
28.3
(23.7–33.5)
17.8
(8.1–34.5)
31.8
(25.0–39.6)
32.4
(26.8–38.4)
30.5
(24.8–36.8)
20.7
(12.3–32.5)
NR
NR
NR
NR
D.C.
31.1
(27.1–35.4)
NR
NR
32.4
(26.6–38.7)
32.7
(27.3–38.5)
41.4
(35.0–48.1)
20.5
(15.3–26.9)
35.4¶
(22.1–51.3)
NR
NR
Florida
17.1
(14.4–20.2)
10.0
(5.0–18.8)
14.8
(10.7–20.1)
19.8
(16.0–24.3)
20.0
(16.5–24.1)
14.8
(9.3–22.7)
14.2
(6.3–29.2)
13.0
(7.6–21.5)
Georgia
25.9
(22.5–29.6)
21.4
(12.6–33.8)
25.7
(20.4–31.9)
27.6
(23.3–32.3)
31.3
(26.5–36.5)
16.8
(12.4–22.5)
29.8¶
(17.3–46.2)
22.1¶
(12.1–37.1)
Hawaii
33.7
(29.8–37.8)
22.3
(14.5–32.6)
34.4
(27.9–41.6)
40.1
(34.9–45.4)
25.1
(18.7–32.9)
NR
NR
36.2
(31.3–41.3)
33.9
(22.5–47.5)
Idaho
24.7
(21.2–28.6)
16.1
(8.5–28.4)
26.5
(21.1–32.7)
27.6
(22.9–32.8)
25.0
(21.2–29.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
20.8
(11.8–34.1)
Illinois
26.6
(23.3–30.1)
21.1
(13.8–31.1)
25.4
(20.5–31.0)
31.1
(26.8–35.8)
28.1
(24.4–32.2)
27.3
(17.4–40.1)
29.0¶
(17.5–44.2)
19.1
(12.1–28.7)
Indiana
27.8
(24.6–31.3)
24.0
(15.9–34.5)
29.1
(24.5–34.2)
29.2
(25.4–33.3)
29.4
(25.9–33.2)
20.4
(9.8–37.7)
NR
NR
21.9
(12.8–34.7)
Iowa
41.2
(37.0–45.6)
33.4
(22.6–46.2)
44.4
(38.5–50.4)
43.9
(39.1–48.8)
43.5
(39.0–48.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Kansas
32.2
(30.0–34.5)
31.2
(25.0–38.1)
32.5
(29.3–35.8)
32.6
(30.1–35.2)
33.6
(31.1–36.1)
19.3
(11.8–30.1)
31.7
(22.3–42.8)
25.6
(18.5–34.2)
Kentucky
29.3
(25.8–33.1)
20.5
(12.3–32.1)
29.2
(24.0–35.1)
32.6
(27.6–38.1)
29.2
(25.6–33.1)
27.3
(11.9–50.9)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Louisiana
28.3
(25.6–31.2)
26.0
(19.2–34.1)
30.8
(26.3–35.7)
27.2
(23.7–31.0)
29.1
(25.7–32.8)
27.6
(22.9–32.9)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maine
32.4
(28.9–36.0)
33.1
(23.8–44.0)
31.1
(25.7–37.0)
32.9
(29.1–37.0)
32.8
(29.3–36.5)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Maryland
34.7
(31.4–38.1)
26.5
(18.4–36.6)
40.6
(35.4–46.1)
34.1
(30.1–38.2)
33.4
(29.6–37.4)
32.6
(26.3–39.5)
44.2
(32.3–56.8)
40.8
(27.1–56.0)
Massachusetts
32.1
(29.2–35.1)
23.0
(15.9–32.0)
32.3
(27.8–37.2)
37.5
(34.1–41.0)
32.2
(28.7–35.8)
33.2
(24.4–43.3)
35.9
(25.5–47.8)
29.8
(22.7–38.0)
Michigan
25.4
(22.5–28.4)
24.4
(17.8–32.5)
23.9
(19.3–29.3)
27.3
(23.7–31.2)
26.5
(23.2–30.0)
16.7
(11.6–23.4)
26.2
(15.5–40.8)
NR
NR
Minnesota
42.5
(38.3–46.8)
26.7
(17.5–38.6)
47.1
(40.8–53.6)
49.4
(44.7–54.2)
43.4
(39.0–48.0)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Mississippi
26.3
(23.6–29.2)
21.9
(15.4–30.3)
25.4
(21.3–30.1)
29.9
(26.3–33.7)
30.7
(27.0–34.6)
21.1
(17.1–25.9)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Missouri
27.1
(23.0–31.6)
30.2
(18.7–44.9)
23.6
(17.8–30.5)
29.2
(23.9–35.1)
27.7
(23.2–32.8)
22.0
(12.8–35.3)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Montana
29.5
(25.5–33.7)
27.4
(17.8–39.7)
32.8
(26.6–39.6)
27.7
(23.4–32.6)
28.8
(24.7–33.4)
NR
NR
48.0
(35.1–61.3)
NR
NR
Nebraska
38.4
(34.3–42.6)
40.6
(28.8–53.6)
33.6
(27.7–40.1)
42.9
(37.8–48.1)
41.2
(36.8–45.7)
NR
NR
37.4¶
(20.6–57.9)
22.9
(10.4–43.3)
Nevada
19.1
(15.0–24.0)
20.6¶
(10.3–36.9)
14.1
(8.7–22.0)
23.5
(17.7–30.6)
19.7
(14.7–25.8)
NR
NR
18.5¶
(9.3–33.5)
16.1
(8.3–28.9)
New Hampshire
34.7
(30.4–39.3)
40.9
(28.0–55.2)
34.2
(27.1–42.1)
32.4
(27.7–37.5)
33.5
(29.2–38.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
New Jersey
23.9
(21.3–26.7)
20.1
(13.3–29.3)
24.2
(20.3–28.6)
25.7
(22.8–28.9)
25.0
(21.6–28.8)
23.6
(17.1–31.6)
21.1
(14.4–29.9)
22.1
(16.4–29.2)
New Mexico
31.4
(28.0–35.0)
25.5
(18.2–34.6)
31.2
(25.6–37.5)
35.6
(31.3–40.1)
28.8
(23.5–34.8)
NR
NR
40.9
(31.9–50.5)
31.1
(26.4–36.3)
New York
29.9
(26.5–33.5)
24.9
(17.1–34.7)
28.7
(23.7–34.3)
34.1
(29.7–38.9)
30.8
(26.6–35.2)
24.5
(16.9–34.2)
26.0
(15.0–41.0)
33.8
(25.5–43.2)
North Carolina
33.8
(30.6–37.3)
30.3
(21.5–40.9)
33.8
(29.0–38.9)
35.9
(32.0–40.1)
36.0
(32.2–40.0)
32.8
(24.6–42.2)
23.7
(15.3–34.9)
26.4
(17.4–37.8)
North Dakota
39.9
(35.1–44.9)
37.0
(26.2–49.2)
41.7
(35.2–48.6)
41.2
(36.0–46.7)
39.0
(34.0–44.3)
NR
NR
52.4¶
(35.8–68.4)
NR
NR
Ohio
26.4
(23.6–29.4)
13.5
(8.4–20.9)
29.0
(24.2–34.4)
28.8
(25.2–32.7)
27.3
(24.2–30.7)
17.4
(10.4–27.7)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Oklahoma
33.4
(30.4–36.6)
31.0
(22.5–41.0)
33.5
(28.9–38.5)
34.3
(30.4–38.5)
34.6
(30.9–38.6)
29.6
(20.9–40.1)
34.1
(26.9–42.2)
25.7
(17.9–35.4)
Oregon
30.4
(25.8–35.5)
NR
NR
28.0
(21.4–35.7)
32.3
(26.6–38.6)
30.1
(25.0–35.8)
NR
NR
28.3
(17.9–41.8)
NR
NR
Pennsylvania
28.6
(25.3–32.1)
25.9
(18.5–35.1)
24.6
(19.6–30.4)
33.5
(29.3–37.9)
27.9
(24.5–31.6)
39.3
(26.1–54.3)
NR
NR
15.0¶
(7.3–28.6)
Rhode Island
36.5
(32.1–41.1)
39.5
(27.8–52.5)
32.9
(27.3–39.0)
37.3
(32.8–42.0)
38.7
(33.5–44.1)
30.6¶
(15.8–50.9)
NR
NR
27.4
(19.1–37.7)
South Carolina
27.1
(23.6–30.8)
23.1
(14.2–35.3)
28.4
(22.8–34.7)
27.3
(22.9–32.2)
32.5
(27.8–37.7)
19.5
(14.9–25.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
South Dakota
48.7
(44.0–53.4)
42.1
(30.4–54.9)
53.8
(47.3–60.3)
48.9
(43.5–54.3)
50.3
(45.2–55.4)
NR
NR
35.7
(25.8–47.0)
NR
NR
Tennessee
28.4
(24.6–32.5)
19.8
(10.6–34.0)
26.2
(20.3–33.2)
31.4
(26.2–37.2)
32.9
(28.4–37.8)
15.7
(10.0–23.8)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Texas
29.1
(26.2–32.2)
25.3
(18.1–34.2)
26.6
(22.2–31.5)
32.9
(28.7–37.4)
33.9
(29.7–38.4)
23.6
(15.0–35.1)
37.0
(22.0–55.1)
24.6
(20.3–29.4)
Utah
34.2
(31.1–37.4)
32.8
(24.8–41.9)
33.9
(30.1–38.0)
35.7
(32.3–39.4)
35.1
(31.7–38.7)
NR
NR
30.0
(19.0–43.9)
26.7
(18.8–36.4)
Vermont
33.7
(29.9–37.7)
27.7
(18.3–39.5)
32.9
(27.1–39.3)
38.0
(33.9–42.4)
34.2
(30.4–38.3)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Virginia
30.1
(24.6–36.3)
29.2¶
(14.1–50.7)
30.1
(23.1–38.2)
30.7
(25.2–36.8)
34.5
(27.5–42.4)
21.2
(12.9–32.9)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Washington
29.8
(27.5–32.2)
26.5
(20.3–33.9)
28.8
(25.5–32.4)
32.6
(29.9–35.5)
28.6
(26.0–31.3)
NR
NR
40.5
(32.2–49.4)
28.7
(23.4–34.6)
West Virginia
29.5
(26.0–33.2)
20.7
(13.3–30.8)
32.0
(26.6–38.0)
32.8
(27.9–38.1)
29.4
(25.8–33.2)
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wisconsin
34.1
(28.9–39.8)
37.5
(24.2–53.1)
30.0
(22.2–39.3)
35.6
(29.3–42.5)
33.7
(28.1–39.8)
47.3¶
(27.0–68.6)
NR
NR
NR
NR
Wyoming
30.3
(26.4–34.4)
27.4
(17.5–40.1)
28.0
(23.2–33.3)
34.7
(29.8–39.9)
30.6
(26.4–35.1)
NR
NR
NR
NR
23.9
(13.5–38.6)
Total**
28.2
(27.5–28.8)
24.3
(22.5–26.0)
27.8
(26.9–28.8)
30.5
(29.6–31.3)
30.7
(30.0–31.5)
22.9
(21.1–24.8)
29.3
(26.8–31.9)
22.6
(20.9–24.3)
Median
30.1
25.9
30.0
32.6
30.8
21.6
33.6
25.1
Minimum
17.1
10.0
14.1
19.8
19.7
14.8
14.2
13.0
Maximum
48.7
42.1
53.8
49.4
50.3
47.3
54.1
40.8
Abbreviation: NR = not reported (if <50 respondents).
* White = non-Hispanic white; Black = non-Hispanic black; Other = non-Hispanic other.
† Percentages and their associated confidence intervals are weighted to adjust for complex survey design and non response.
§ 95% confidence interval.
¶ Represents 50–59 respondents; might not be reliable.
** Chi-square p-value significant at p<0.05 for age group and race/ethnicity.
