A conference on Health Outcomes Research in Sleep Apnea, jointly sponsored by the American Thoracic Society and the American Sleep Disorders Association, was held in 1995 to share information on sleep apnea among expert stakeholders including patients, physicians, governments, insurance companies, and health care economists. The goal of the conference was to foster interest in sleep apnea research across the disciplines of epidemiology, clinical management, primary care research, outcomes assessment, and health economics. Conference participants provided recommendations for sleep apnea research in the areas of medical, neurobehavioral, and medical utilization/cost outcomes. This report presents conference information as well as the recommendations of the participants.