Issue 44, October, 31, 2011
Vol. 3, Issue: 44, 10/31/11
Welcome to Science Clips, CDC's weekly digest!
This week, Science Clips is pleased to collaborate with CDC Vital Signs by featuring scientific articles from the current Vital Signs issue on opioid pain reliever (OPR) abuse (www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns ). Although not all articles are peer-reviewed they are taken from authoritative sources and represent sound scientific information.
Science Clips will return to its regular format next week. Science Clips is a service of the Stephen B. Thacker CDC Library and CDC's Office of the Chief Science Officer.
The Science Clips is in the public domain and may be freely forwarded and reproduced without permission. The original sources and the CDC Science Clips should be cited as sources. Articles featured in Science Clips may be in-press or uncorrected proofs. For assistance in obtaining copies of these articles, contact the library at cdclibrary@cdc.gov or 404-639-1717. Please note that links below to CDC licensed materials are available only through the Intranet and may go through the SFX server. From the SFX window, just click on the full-text link to reach the full-text.
CDC Vital Signs
Opioid Pain Reliever (OPR) Abuse
*Therapeutic use, abuse, and nonmedical use of opioids: a ten-year perspective Manchikanti L, Fellows B, Ailinani H, Pampati V. Pain Physician. 2010 Sep-Oct;13(5):401-35.
*Clinical guidelines for the use of chronic opioid therapy in chronic noncancer pain Chou R, Fanciullo GJ, Fine PG, Adler JA, Ballantyne JC, Davies P, Donovan MI, et al. J Pain. 2009 Feb;10(2):113-30.
Highlights of the 2009 Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) findings on drug-related emergency department visits Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. . 2010 .
Prescription for peril: how insurance fraud finances theft and abuse of addictive prescription drugs Coalition Against Insurance Fraud. . 2007 .
Opioid analgesics and rates of fatal drug poisoning in the United States Paulozzi LJ, Ryan GW. Am J Prev Med. 2006 Dec;31(6):506-11.
Patterns of abuse among unintentional pharmaceutical overdose fatalities Hall AJ, Logan JE, Toblin RL, Kaplan JA, Kraner JC, Bixler D, Paulozzi LJ. JAMA. 2008 Dec 10;300(22):2613-20.
Drug overdose deaths--Florida, 2003-2009 Goldberger B, Thogmartin J, Johnson H, Paulozzi LJ, Rudd R, Ibrahimova A. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011 Jul 8;60(26):869-72.
Increase in fatal poisonings involving opioid analgesics in the United States, 1999-2006 Warner M, Chen LH, Makuc DM. NCHS Data Brief. 2009 Sep(22):1-8.
Recent changes in drug poisoning mortality in the United States by urban-rural status and by drug type Paulozzi LJ, Xi Y. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2008 Oct;17(10):997-1005.
Prescribing patterns of Schedule II opioids in California workers' compensation Swedlow A, Ireland J, Johnson G. Research Update: California Workers' Compensation Institute. 2011 .
CDC Authored Publications
The names of CDC authors are indicated in bold text.
Chronic Diseases and Conditions
The impact of knee and hip chondrocalcinosis on disability in older people: the ProVA Study from northeastern Italy Musacchio E, Ramonda R, Perissinotto E, Sartori L, Hirsch R , Punzi L, Zambon S, Corti MC, Baggio G, Manzato E, Doria A, Crepaldi G. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011 Nov;70(11):1937-43.
Prevalence of asthma and its association with glycemic control among youth with diabetes Black MH, Anderson A, Bell RA, Dabelea D, Pihoker C, Saydah S , Seid M, Standiford DA, Waitzfelder B, Marcovina SM, Lawrence JM. Pediatrics. 2011 Oct;128(4):e839-47.
Communicable Diseases
Time to first annual HIV care visit and associated factors for patients in care for HIV infection in 10 US cities Sullivan PS, Juhasz M, McNaghten AD , Frankel M, Bozzette S, Shapiro M. AIDS Care. 2011 Oct;23(10):1314-20.
Initial recovery and rebound of type F intestinal colonization botulism after administration of investigational heptavalent botulinum antitoxin Fagan RP , Neil KP , Sasich R, Luquez C , Asaad H, Maslanka S , Khalil W. Clin Infect Dis. 2011 Nov;53(9):e125-8.
Cryptococcus gattii in the United States: clinical aspects of infection with an emerging pathogen Harris JR , Lockhart SR , Debess E, Marsden-Haug N, Goldoft M, Wohrle R, Lee S, Smelser C, Park B , Chiller T . Clin Infect Dis. 2011 Oct 19.
Premastication as a route of pediatric HIV transmission: case-control and cross-sectional investigations: pediatric HIV risk via premastication Ivy W , Dominguez KL , Rakhmanina NY, Iuliano AD , Danner SP , Borkowf CB , Denson AP, Gaur AH, Mitchell CD, Henderson SL, Paul ME, Barton T, Herbert-Grant M, Hader SL, Garcia EP, Malachowski JL, Nesheim SR . J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2011 Oct 25.
Mumps antibody levels among students before a mumps outbreak: in search of a correlate of immunity Cortese MM , Barskey AE , Tegtmeier GE, Zhang C, Ngo L, Kyaw MH , Baughman AL , Menitove JE, Hickman CJ , Bellini WJ , Dayan GH , Hansen GR, Rubin S. J Infect Dis. 2011 Nov;204(9):1413-22.
Enteroviral meningitis and concurrent peripheral motor axonal polyneuropathy Dulek DE, Donofrio PD, Sejvar JJ , Edwards KM. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2011 Oct 19.
Rift Valley fever virus inhibits a pro-inflammatory response in experimentally infected human monocyte derived macrophages and a pro-inflammatory cytokine response may be associated with patient survival during natural infection McElroy AK , Nichol ST . Virology. 2011 Oct 20.
Community Health Services
Assessing the effectiveness of a community intervention for monkeypox prevention in the Congo Basin Roess AA , Monroe BP , Kinzoni EA, Gallagher S, Ibata SR, Badinga N, Molouania TM, Mabola FS, Mombouli JV, Carroll DS , Macneil A , Benzekri NA , Moses C, Damon IK , Reynolds MG . PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011 Oct;5(10):e1356.
Disease Reservoirs and Vectors
American Mosquito Control Association presidential address: association activities in 2010-11 McAllister JC . J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2011 Sep;27(3):187-90.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention resting trap: a novel device for collecting resting mosquitoes Panella NA , Crockett RJ , Biggerstaff BJ , Komar N . J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2011 Sep;27(3):323-5.
Evidence of efficient transovarial transmission of Culex flavivirus by Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) Saiyasombat R, Bolling BG , Brault AC , Bartholomay LC, Blitvich BJ. J Med Entomol. 2011 Sep;48(5):1031-8.
Phylogeography and molecular epidemiology of Yersinia pestis in Madagascar Vogler AJ, Chan F, Wagner DM, Roumagnac P, Lee J, Nera R, Eppinger M, Ravel J, Rahalison L , Rasoamanana BW, Beckstrom-Sternberg SM, Achtman M, Chanteau S, Keim P. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2011 Sep;5(9):e1319.
Environmental Health
Dioxin and polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations in mother's serum and the timing of pubertal onset in sons Humblet O, Williams PL, Korrick SA, Sergeyev O, Emond C, Birnbaum LS, Burns JS, Altshul L, Patterson DG, Turner WE , Lee MM, Revich B, Hauser R. Epidemiology. 2011 Nov;22(6):827-835.
Epidemiology and Surveillance
Using social media for research and public health surveillance Eke PI . J Dent Res. 2011 Sep;90(9):1045-6.
Cancer screening practices among physicians in the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program Benard VB , Saraiya MS , Soman A , Roland KB , Yabroff KR, Miller J . J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2011 Oct;20(10):1479-84.
Challenges and opportunities in a tuberculosis outbreak investigation in southern Mississippi, 2005-2007 Bloss E , Newbill K, Peto H, Rice MJ, Ainsworth G, Travnicek R, Holcombe M, Haddad MB , Oeltmann JE . South Med J. 2011 Nov;104(11):731-5.
Food Safety
Gnathostomiasis in a patient who frequently consumes sushi Jarell AD, Dans MJ, Elston DM, Mathison BA , Ruben BS. Am J Dermatopathol. 2011 Oct 22.
Genetics and Genomics
Implementing screening for Lynch syndrome among patients with newly diagnosed with colorectal cancer: summary of a public health/clinical collaborative meeting Bellcross CA , Bedrosian SR , Daniels E, Duquette D, Hampel H, Jasperson K, Joseph DA , Kaye C, Lubin I , Meyer LJ, Reyes M , Scheuner MT, Schully SD, Senter L, Stewart SL , St Pierre J , Westman J, Wise P, Yang VW, Khoury MJ . Genet Med. 2011 Oct 21.
Health Behavior and Risk
Mammography adherence: results of a focus group study Watson-Johnson LC , Degroff A , Steele CB , Revels M, Smith JL , Justen E , Barron-Simpson R , Sanders L , Richardson LC . J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2011 Oct 24.
Health Disparities
Age at diagnosis of diabetes in Appalachia Barker L , Gerzoff R , Crespo R, Shrewsberry M. Popul Health Metr. 2011 Sep 30;9(1):54.
Healthcare Associated Infections
Hepatitis B outbreak associated with a hematology-oncology office practice in New Jersey, 2009 Greeley RD, Semple S, Thompson ND , High P, Rudowski E, Handschur E, Xia GL , Ganova-Raeva L , Crawford J, Robertson C, Tan C, Montana B. Am J Infect Control. 2011 Oct;39(8):663-70.
Infection control: accomplishments and priorities from an individual, state, national, and international perspective Rasslan O, Ellingson K , Stricof RL, Grant PS. Am J Infect Control. 2011 Oct;39(8):624-7.
Healthcare Economics
Health care expenditures among children with and those without spina bifida enrolled in Medicaid in North Carolina Cassell CH , Grosse SD , Thorpe PG , Howell EE, Meyer RE. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2011 Oct 22.
Immunity and Immunization
A multi-center, qualitative assessment of pediatrician and maternal perspectives on rotavirus vaccines and the detection of Porcine circovirus Payne DC , Humiston S, Opel D, Kennedy A , Wikswo M , Downing K, Klein EJ, Kobayashi A, Locke D, Albertin C, Chesley C , Staat MA. BMC Pediatr. 2011 ;11:83.
Virus-like particle vaccine containing hemagglutinin confers protection against 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza Hossain MJ , Bourgeois M , Quan FS, Lipatov AS , Song JM, Chen LM , Compans RW, York I , Kang SM, Donis RO . Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2011 Oct 26.
Acceptability of school requirements for human papillomavirus vaccine Smith JS, Brewer NT, Chang Y, Liddon N , Guerry S, Pettigrew E, Markowitz LE , Gottlieb SL . Hum Vaccin. 2011 Sep 1;7(9).
Safety and immunogenicity of LC16m8, an attenuated smallpox vaccine in vaccinia-naive adults Kennedy JS, Gurwith M, Dekker CL, Frey SE, Edwards KM, Kenner J, Lock M, Empig C, Morikawa S, Saijo M, Yokote H, Karem K , Damon I , Perlroth M, Greenberg RN. J Infect Dis. 2011 Nov;204(9):1395-402.
Safety of zoster vaccine in adults from a large managed care cohort: a Vaccine Safety Datalink Study Tseng HF, Liu A, Sy L, Marcy SM, Fireman B, Weintraub E , Baggs J , Weinmann S, Baxter R, Nordin J, Daley MF, Jackson L, Jacobsen SJ. J Intern Med. 2011 Oct 25.
From the CDC: new country-specific recommendations for pre-travel typhoid vaccination Johnson KJ , Gallagher NM , Mintz ED , Newton AE , Brunette GW , Kozarsky PE . J Travel Med. 2011 Nov;18(6):430-433.
2008 estimate of worldwide rotavirus-associated mortality in children younger than 5 years before the introduction of universal rotavirus vaccination programmes: a systematic review and meta-analysis Tate JE , Burton AH, Boschi-Pinto C, Steele AD, Duque J , Parashar UD . Lancet Infect Dis. 2011 Oct 24.
Attitudes and practices of obstetrician-gynecologists regarding influenza vaccination in pregnancy Kissin DM , Power ML , Kahn EB , Williams JL , Jamieson DJ , Macfarlane K , Schulkin J , Zhang Y , Callaghan WM . Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Nov;118(5):1074-80.
Antiviral activity and increased host defense against influenza infection elicited by the human cathelicidin LL-37 Barlow PG , Svoboda P , Mackellar A, Nash AA, York IA , Pohl J , Davidson DJ, Donis RO . PLoS One. 2011 ;6(10):e25333.
Vaccines and neurologic disease Sejvar JJ . Semin Neurol. 2011 Jul;31(3):338-55.
Report of the 7th meeting on Evaluation of Pandemic Influenza Vaccines in Clinical Trials, World Health Organization, Geneva, 17-18 February 2011 Girard MP, Katz JM , Pervikov Y, Hombach J, Tam JS. Vaccine. 2011 Oct 13;29(44):7579-86.
Wheezing lower respiratory disease and vaccination of premature infants Mullooly JP, Schuler R, Mesa J, Drew L, Destefano F . Vaccine. 2011 Oct 13;29(44):7611-7617.
Parent and adolescent perspectives about adolescent vaccine delivery: practical considerations for vaccine communication Rand CM, Humiston SG, Schaffer SJ, Albertin CS, Shone LP, Blumkin AK, Stokley S , Szilagyi PG. Vaccine. 2011 Oct 13;29(44):7651-8.
Evaluation of hepatitis B vaccine immunogenicity among older adults during an outbreak response in assisted living facilities Tohme RA , Awosika-Olumo D, Nielsen C , Khuwaja S, Scott J, Xing J , Drobeniuc J , Hu DJ , Turner C, Wafeeg T, Sharapov U , Spradling PR . Vaccine. 2011 Oct 18.
Novel formulations enhance the thermal stability of live-attenuated flavivirus vaccines Wiggan O, Livengood JA, Silengo SJ , Kinney RM , Osorio JE, Huang CY , Stinchcomb DT. Vaccine. 2011 Oct 6;29(43):7456-62.
Injury and Violence
Characteristics of fatal abusive head trauma among children in the USA: 2003-2007: an application of the CDC operational case definition to national vital statistics data Parks SE , Kegler SR , Annest JL , Mercy JA . Inj Prev. 2011 Oct 20.
Dating Matters: Strategies to Promote Healthy Teen Relationships Tharp AT , Burton T , Freire K , Hall DM , Harrier S , Latzman NE , Luo F , Niolon PH , Ramirez M , Vagi KJ . J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2011 Oct 21.
Laboratory Sciences
Development of a method to estimate mouth-level benzo[a]pyrene intake by filter analysis Ding Y , Chou T , Abdul-Salaam S , Hearn B , Watson CH . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2011 Oct 25.
Establishment of a new human pneumococcal standard reference serum, 007sp Goldblatt D, Plikaytis BD , Akkoyunlu M, Antonello J, Ashton L, Blake M, Burton R, Care R, Durant N, Feavers I, Fernsten P, Fievet F, Giardina P, Jansen K, Katz L, Kierstead L, Lee L, Lin J, Maisonneuve J, Nahm MH, Raab J, Romero-Steiner S , Rose C , Schmidt D , Stapleton J, Carlone GM . Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2011 Oct;18(10):1728-36.
Determination of levamisole in urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Trehy ML, Brown DJ, Woodruff JT, Westenberger BJ, Nychis WG, Reuter N, Schier JG , Vagi SJ , Hwang RJ. J Anal Toxicol. 2011 ;35(8):545-50.
The iron-responsive regulator Irr is required for wild-type expression of the gene encoding the heme transporter BhuA in Brucella abortus 2308 Anderson ES, Paulley JT , Martinson DA, Gaines JM, Steele KH, Roop RM. J Bacteriol. 2011 Oct;193(19):5359-64.
Comparison of real-time PCR and a microimmunofluorescence serological assay for detection of Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection in an outbreak investigation Benitez AJ , Thurman KA , Diaz MH , Conklin L , Kendig NE, Winchell JM . J Clin Microbiol. 2011 Oct 26.
Performance of an alternative laboratory-based algorithm for HIV diagnosis in a high-risk population Delaney KP , Heffelfinger JD , Wesolowski LG , Owen SM , Meyer WA, Kennedy S , Uniyal A, Kerndt PR, Branson BM . J Clin Virol. 2011 Oct 21.
Epitope-specific human influenza antibody repertoires diversify by B cell intraclonal sequence divergence and interclonal convergence Krause JC, Tsibane T, Tumpey TM , Huffman CJ, Briney BS, Smith SA, Basler CF, Crowe JE. J Immunol. 2011 Oct 1;187(7):3704-11.
Virus infection stages and distinct Th1 or Th17/Th22 T-cell responses in malaria/SHIV coinfection correlate with different outcomes of disease Ryan-Payseur B, Ali Z, Huang D, Chen CY, Yan L, Wang RC, Collins WE , Wang Y, Chen ZW. J Infect Dis. 2011 Nov;204(9):1450-62.
Gene expression analysis in the thalamus and cerebrum of horses experimentally infected with West Nile virus Bourgeois MA , Denslow ND, Seino KS, Barber DS, Long MT. PLoS One. 2011 ;6(10):e24371.
Maternal and Child Health
Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of infections during pregnancy: implementation of recommended interventions, United States, 2003-2004 Koumans EH , Rosen J , van Dyke MK , Zell E , Phares CR , Taylor A , Loft J, Schrag S . Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Sep 8.
Use of antiepileptic medications in pregnancy in relation to risks of birth defects Werler MM, Ahrens KA, Bosco JL, Mitchell AA, Anderka MT, Gilboa SM , Holmes LB. Ann Epidemiol. 2011 Nov;21(11):842-850.
Setting research priorities to reduce global mortality from childhood pneumonia by 2015 Rudan I, El Arifeen S, Bhutta ZA, Black RE, Brooks A, Chan KY, Chopra M, Duke T, Marsh D, Pio A, Simoes EA, Tamburlini G, Theodoratou E, Weber MW, Whitney CG , Campbell H, Qazi SA. PLoS Med. 2011 Sep;8(9):e1001099.
Occupational Safety and Health
Nanotoxicology: "The end of the beginning" - signs on the roadmap to a strategy for assuring the safe application and use of nanomaterials - t4 workshop report Silbergeld EK, Contreras EQ, Hartung T, Hirsch C, Hogberg H, Jachak AC, Jordan W, Landsiedel R, Morris J, Patri A, Pounds JG, de Vizcaya Ruiz A, Shvedova A , Tanguay R, Tatarazako N, van Vliet E, Walker NJ, Wiesner M, Wilcox N, Zurlo J. ALTEX. 2011 ;28(3):236-41.
Interaction of occupational and personal risk factors in workforce health and safety Schulte PA , Pandalai S , Wulsin V, Chun H . Am J Public Health. 2011 Oct 20.
A replicated field intervention study evaluating the impact of a highly adjustable chair and office ergonomics training on visual symptoms Menendez CC , Amick BC, Robertson M, Bazzani L, Derango K, Rooney T, Moore A. Appl Ergon. 2011 Oct 24.
A strategy for assessing workplace exposures to nanomaterials Ramachandran G, Ostraat M, Evans DE , Methner MM , O'Shaughnessy P, D'Arcy J, Geraci CL , Stevenson E, Maynard A, Rickabaugh K. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2011 Nov;8(11):673-85.
Estimating reusability of organic air-purifying respirator cartridges Wood GO, Snyder JL . J Occup Environ Hyg. 2011 Oct;8(10):609-17.
Inverse dynamic analysis of the biomechanics of the thumb while pipetting: a case study Wu JZ , Sinsel EW , Gloekler DS , Wimer BM , Zhao KD, An KN, Buczek FL . Med Eng Phys. 2011 Oct 18.
Parasitic Diseases
Study of nonoutbreak giardiasis: novel findings and implications for research Cantey PT , Roy S , Lee B , Cronquist A, Smith K, Liang J , Beach MJ . Am J Med. 2011 Oct 18.
Public Health Leadership and Management
Field epidemiology and laboratory training programs in sub-Saharan Africa from 2004 to 2010: need, the process and prospects Nsubuga P , Johnson K , Tetteh C, Oundo J , Weathers A , Vaughan J , Elbon S , Tshimanga M, Ndugulile F, Ohuabunwo C, Evering-Watley M , Mosha F, Oleribe O, Nguku P, Davis L , Preacely N , Luce R , Antara S, Imara H , Ndjakani Y, Doyle T , Espinosa Y , Kazambu D, Delissaint D, Ngulefac J , Njenga K . Pan Afr Med J. 2011 Oct;10(24).
Reproductive Health
Age-group differences in human papillomavirus types and cofactors for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 among women referred to colposcopy Gargano JW , Nisenbaum RA, Lee DR , Ruffin MT, Steinau M , Horowitz IR, Flowers LC, Tadros TS, Birdsong G, Unger ER . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2011 Oct 25.
Intrauterine contraceptive insertion postabortion: a systematic review Steenland MW , Tepper NK , Curtis KM , Kapp N. Contraception. 2011 Nov;84(5):447-64.
Social and Behavioral Sciences
The influence of spirituality on service utilization and satisfaction for women residing in a domestic violence shelter Fowler DN , Faulkner M, Learman J, Runnels R. Violence Against Women. 2011 Oct 20.
Substance Use and Abuse
A history of being prescribed controlled substances and risk of drug overdose death Paulozzi LJ , Kilbourne EM, Shah NG, Nolte KB, Desai HA, Landen MG, Harvey W, Loring LD. Pain Med. 2011 Oct 25.
Vital Statistics
Health of adults in Los Angeles County: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2004 Porter KS , Curtin LR , Carroll MD , Li X , Mohadjer L, Shih M, Simon PA, Fielding JE. Natl Health Stat Report. 2011 Sep 1(42):1-14.
Zoonoses
Lack of antimicrobial resistance in Yersinia pestis isolates from 17 countries in the Americas, Africa, and Asia Urich SK , Chalcraft L , Schriefer ME , Yockey BM , Petersen JM . Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011 Oct 24.
Delayed mortality in a cohort of persons hospitalized with West Nile virus disease in Colorado in 2003 Lindsey NP , Sejvar JJ , Bode AV , Pape WJ, Campbell GL . Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2011 Oct 24.
Putative canine origin of rotavirus strain detected in a child with diarrhea, Taiwan Wu FT, Banyai K, Lin JS, Wu HS, Hsiung CA, Huang YC, Hwang KP, Jiang B, Gentsch JR . Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2011 Oct 24.
Public Health Articles Noted in the Media
MMWR in the Media
Invasive group A Streptococcus in a skilled nursing facility - Pennsylvania, 2009--2010 MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011 Oct 28;60(42):1445-9.
Nutritional Sciences
Calcium, dairy products, and energy balance in overweight adolescents: a controlled trial Weaver CM, Campbell WW, Teegarden D, Craig BA, Martin BR, Singh R, Braun MM, Apolzan JW, Hannon TS, Schoeller DA, Dimeglio LA, Hickey Y, Peacock M. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011 Nov;94(5):1163-70.
Substance Use and Abuse
Role of cigarette smoking and gender in acute coronary syndrome events Howe M, Leidal A, Montgomery D, Jackson E. Am J Cardiol. 2011 Sep 15.
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DISCLAIMER: Articles listed in the CDC Science Clips are selected by the Stephen B. Thacker CDC Library to provide current awareness of the public health literature. An article's inclusion does not necessarily represent the views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention nor does it imply endorsement of the article's methods or findings. CDC and DHHS assume no responsibility for the factual accuracy of the items presented. The selection, omission, or content of items does not imply any endorsement or other position taken by CDC or DHHS. Opinion, findings and conclusions expressed by the original authors of items included in the Clips, or persons quoted therein, are strictly their own and are in no way meant to represent the opinion or views of CDC or DHHS. References to publications, news sources, and non-CDC Websites are provided solely for informational purposes and do not imply endorsement by CDC or DHHS.