Health Effects of Exposure to Substances and Carcinogens

An organ system is a structure that is found inside a human or animal. It is made of cells or tissues that perform a specific function. When exposed to a hazardous substance, the organ that the substance affects at the lowest dose is called the target organ. Development is the process in which an individual or animal matures until puberty. Click on a target organ system below to see an overview of the system and a list of substances that can harm it.

Effects of Toxic Substances on Organ Systems and their Development

• 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene- renal (kidney) and hepatic (liver)

• Cardiovascular (Heart and Blood Vessels)

• Dermal (Skin)

• Developmental (effects while organs are developing)

• Endocrine (Glands and Hormones)

• Gastrointestinal (Stomach and Intestines, part of the digestive system)

• Hematological (Blood Forming)

• Hepatic (Liver)

• Immunological (Immune System)

• Musculoskeletal (Muscles and Skeleton)

• Neurological (Nervous System)

• Ocular (Eyes)

• Possibly renal and others. Data inconclusive.

• Renal (Urinary System or Kidneys)

• Reproductive (Producing Children)

• Respiratory (From the Nose to the Lungs)

Cancer Classification

• EPA: 1,3-dichloropropene: Probable human carcinogen

• EPA: 2,4-DNT or 2,6-DNT: Probable human carcinogen

• EPA: Carcinogenic to humans by inhalation

• EPA: Confirmed human carcinogen

• EPA: Elemental mercury - Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity. There is inadequate or no human and animal evidence of carcinogenicity. Methyl mercury & mercuric chloride – Possible hum

• EPA: Evidence of noncarcinogenicity for humans

• EPA: Fluorine: Not evaluated

• EPA: Hexavalent chromium – inhalation – confirmed human carcinogen; oral – Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity. There is inadequate or no human and animal evidence of carcinog

• EPA: Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential

• EPA: Known human carcinogen

• EPA: Likely to be carcinogenic to humans

• EPA: Llikely to be carcinogenic to humans based on strong evidence of carcinogenicity in animals and inconclusive evidence of carcinogenicity in an exposed human population

• EPA: Natural uranium - carcinogenicity asssessment withdrawn; Soluble uranium salts - not evaluated

• EPA: Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity

• EPA: Not evaluated

• EPA: Possibly carcinogenic to humans

• EPA: Potential carcinogenicity cannot be determined because the existing data are inadequate for an assessment of human carcinogenic potential for either the oral or inhalation route of exposure

• EPA: Probable human carcinogen

• EPA: Probable human carcinogen, based on limited evidence in humans, and sufficient evidence in animals

• EPA: Radioactive Cs- known carcinogen

• IARC: 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene-not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity

• IARC: 1,3-dichloropropene: possibly carcinogenic to humans

• IARC: 2,4-DNT or 2,6-DNT: Possibly carcinogenic to humans; 3,5-DNT: Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity in humans

• IARC: Carcinogenic to humans

• IARC: Fluoride and sodium fluoride: not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans

• IARC: Hexavalent chromium – carcinogenic to humans

• IARC: Inorganic lead – probably carcinogenic to humans

• IARC: Metallic & inorganic mercury – Not classifiable as to carcinogenicity to humans; Methyl mercury – Possibly carcinogenic to humans

• IARC: Mixed isotope- Limited evidence in humans for carcinogenicity; U-233, 234, 235, 238 - There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for carcinogenicity

• IARC: Non-radioactive Co: Possibly carcinogenic to humans; Radioactive Co: Carcinogenic to humans

• IARC: Not classifiable as to carcinogenicity to humans

• IARC: Not evaluated

• IARC: Occupational refining exposure:-Probably carcinogenic to humans; marine diesel fuel or residual (heavy) fuel oils-Possibly carcinogenic to humans; jet fuels or light diesel fuels-Not classifiab

• IARC: Possibly carcinogenic to humans

• IARC: Probably carcinogenic to humans

• IARC: Used gasoline engine oil (class 7.2) & mineral oils are probably carcinogenic. Cutting oils (classes 7.1 & 7.2) have limited evidence for carcinogenicity

• IARC: Vanadium pentoxide: Possibly carcinogenic to humans

• NTP: 1,3-dichloropropene: Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen

• NTP: Inadequate information to assess carcinogenic potential.

• NTP: Known to be a human carcinogen

• NTP: Not completely evaluated-animal studies with evidence of carcinogenicity

• NTP: Not evaluated

• NTP: Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen

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