CDC Global HIV/AIDS Milestones: On the Path to an AIDS-Free Generation

2012

• CDC advances toward AIDS-free generation goal, focuses countries on combination prevention strategy.

• CDC transfers Track 1.0 Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) programs in 13 countries to Ministries of Health and indigenous organizations.

• CDC collaborates with WHO on Programmatic Update for preventing mother-to-child HIV transmission.

2011

• CDC, WHO, and other partners launch first-ever African Society for Laboratory Medicine.
• CDC leads groundbreaking economic and epidemic analyses that support U.S. policy for scaling up PEPFAR goals.

• President Obama announces accelerated U.S. goals for “the beginning of the end of AIDS.”
• Secretary of State Clinton issues call-to-action to create an AIDS-free generation.
• Study (HPTN 052) by U.S. NIH shows treatment of HIV+ people with antiretroviral drugs reduces transmission of HIV (treatment is prevention).

2010

• CDC and WHO develop comprehensive laboratory training package on HIV drug resistance genotyping.
• CDC completes 6-year multicountry study of injection safety, trains 115,000 trainers and health care workers.

2009

• CDC completes multicountry study on preventing mother-to-child HIV transmission; highlights need for country- and site-specific interventions.
• CDC and WHO-AFRO establish accreditation process to build African laboratory capacity. CDC leads development of toolkit to facilitate accreditation.
  • President Obama launches Global Health Initiative; PEPFAR is a core component.

2008

• CDC develops standards for high- quality HIV drug-resistance testing (with WHO) and reduces cost of dried blood spot-based test by 50%.
• CDC and country partners establish African Centre for Integrated Laboratory Training; trains more than 300 participants from over 20 countries.
• CDC and UNAIDS launch Global Monitoring & Evaluation Information web portal, a key resource for more than 1,200 registered members from 124 countries.
• U.S. Congress reauthorizes PEPFAR for an additional 5 years at up to $48 billion.

2007

• CDC initiates quality evaluation of new HIV rapid test kits with USAID.
• CDC supports implementation of Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey to build surveillance data systems .
• CDC conducts study in Uganda on cost effectiveness of different HIV testing and counseling strategies.

2006

• CDC develops HIV rapid test training program, trains hundreds of master trainers and increases test accessibility.
• CDC leads multicountry study of facility-based HIV treatment and care costs; results inform PEPFAR scale-up.
• CDC develops methodology to evaluate outcomes of national antiretroviral therapy programs.

2005

• CDC develops HIV care and support guidance for PEPFAR, includes clinical preventive services and psychosocial support.
• CDC develops basic care package to minimize opportunistic infections in HIV+ people; more than 500 delivered to 9 African countries.
• CDC and University of California, San Francisco develop data synthesis methods to build country capacity to understand HIV epidemic.

2004

• CDC validates and rolls-out rapid HIV tests and dried blood spot PCR tests, enables faster response to epidemic.
• CDC launches Early Infant (HIV) Diagnosis program using inexpensive dried blood spot tests that are stable in harsh conditions.
  • CDC and Health Resources and Services Administration launch Track 1.0 Antiretroviral Treatment Program with Ministries of Health in 13 countries.

2003

• CDC pilots integration of routine HIV testing into antenatal health care settings.
• CDC supports development of first Demographic and health Survey in developing countries to link HIV results with demographic and behavioral factors.
• CDC uses BED HIV-1 enzyme immunoassay to estimate HIV incidence in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, enabling identification of high risk groups.
• President Bush announces U.S. President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR); CDC has key role in PEPFAR implementation.

2002

2001

2000

• CDC establishes its Global AIDS Program.
• U.S. and UN Security Councils each declare HIV/AIDS a security threat.
• U.S. Congress enacts Global AIDS and Tuberculosis Relief Act of 2000, authorizing up to $600 million for U.S. global efforts.

1999

• CDC provides critical technical support for LIFE initiative launched by President Clinton.

• CDC field stations demonstrate effectiveness of short-course zidovudine to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission and effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing deaths and hospitalizations in HIV-infected TB patients.

• President Clinton launches LIFE Initiative (Leadership and Investment in Fighting an Epidemic) expanding efforts to combat AIDS in Africa.

1998

• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services issues first national guidelines for use of antiretroviral therapy in adults. (read updated guidelines)

1996

• Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) established.

1995

• CDC issues first guidelines for preventing opportunistic infections in HIV+ people.

1994

• CDC publishes guidelines for preventing HIV transmission through transplantation of human tissue and organs.

1993

• CDC expands case definition of AIDS to reflect fuller spectrum of disease.

1991

• CDC recommends restrictions on the practice of HIV+ health care workers; Congress enacts law requiring states to take similar action.

1989

• CDC issues first guidelines for preventing P.carinii pneumonia (PCP), a major cause of illness and death in HIV+ people.

1988

• CDC sponsors field station in Cote d’Ivoire, Project RETRO-CI, to study epidemiology of HIV virus and to describe HIV epidemic in West Africa.
• WHO declares first World AIDS Day on December 1.

1987

• WHO launches Global Programme on AIDS.

1985

• First International AIDS Conference held in Atlanta, a joint effort of Department of Health and Human Services and World Health Organization (WHO).

1984

• CDC conducts landmark HIV/AIDS epidemiologic studies in central Africa as key partner in Project SIDA (French for AIDS Project).

• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) isolated by Luc Montagnier (Pasteur Institute) and Robert Gallo (U.S. National Cancer Institute).

1983

• CDC identifies all major routes of HIV transmission – ruling out transmission by casual contact, food, water, air, or environmental surfaces.

1982

• CDC formally establishes the term Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS).

1981

• CDC reports first cases of rare pneumonia in young gay men – later determined to be AIDS-related – in June 5 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR). This marks the official beginning of the HIV/AIDS epidemic.